This research used samples provided by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), which is sponsored by the US National Science foundation (NSF) and participating countries under management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc. Many thanks are given to the ODP staff, crew and scientists onboard the JOIDES Resolution for allowing us to obtain samples from Leg 204. ODP, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Geological Survey funded this work. Andy Ovimette and Bill Evans provided expertise and help with hydrogen analyses.