SUBJECT INDEX

A

abyssal plains, age constraints, B3:4–5
accretionary complexes
deposition, A11:7–9
gas transport in shallow sediments, B15:1–52
geology, B1:4–5
lithologic units, A3:9–10
Seismic Profile OR89-Line 2, B1:28
accretionary prisms
clay mineralogy, B7:5
gas hydrates, B15:19–20
accretionary ridges
age constraints, B3:4–5
dewatering, B3:7
accretionary wedges
age constraints, B3:4–5
dewatering, B3:7
acetate
pore water, B17:1–20
vs. depth, B17:10–16
vs. temperature, B17:17
acetogenesis, sediments, B17:5
acoustic logs
gas hydrates, B24:3
vs. depth, A3:94; A4:93; A6:65; A9:71; A10:86; A11:50; B24:8–13, 23–36
See also dipole sonic waveforms; monopole sonic waveforms; waveforms
acoustic properties, repressurized sediments, B26:6
advanced piston corer
porosity, vs. depth, A4:86
temperature, vs. time, A5:49
tools, B23:16–18
advection
calcium-depleted fluids, A8:13; A9:11–12
compaction, B15:10–11
age, vs. iodine-129/iodine ratio, B14:22
age constraints, structural zones, B3:4–5
age vs. depth
Site 1244, A3:58; B15:32
Site 1245, A4:60
Site 1246, A5:27
Site 1247, A6:38
Site 1248, A7:35
Site 1249, A8:47
Site 1250, A9:45
Site 1251, A10:51
Site 1252, A11:34
alkalinity
carbon cycling, A7:11; A9:11
microbial methanogenesis, B15:14–16
organic matter decomposition, A3:17; A10:14–15
pore water, A4:14
vs. depth, A3:59; A4:61, 66; A5:28; A6:39; A7:36; A8:48; A9:46; A10:52; A11:35; B15:36; B16:14–18; B19:9–10
vs. sulfate, B15:35
Alvin Canyon fault, sediments, B4:13
ammonium
organic matter decomposition, A3:17; A10:14–15
vs. depth, A3:59; A4:61; A5:28; A6:39; A7:36; A8:48; A9:46; A10:52; A11:35
anaerobic methane oxidation
carbon cycling, A7:10–11; A8:13; A9:11
gas hydrates, A1:6; A3:16
pore water, A6:10
redox, B15:9–10
sulfate/methane interface, A6:10–11
sulfate reduction, B15:11–14
Anticline A, seismic units, B2:7–8
Anticline B
seismic units, B2:6–7
tectonics, B2:9
Archaea. See bacteria-Archaea
Archie parameters, physical properties, B8:4–5
Astoria Fan
abyssal plain sediment seismic units, B2:6
clay mineralogy, B7:4
Atterberg limits, sediments, B12:6, 71
authigenesis, carbonates, A4:66

B

bacteria, fluorescence micrograph, A10:64
bacteria-Archaea, bacterial mats, A8:13
bacterial mats
bacteria-Archaea, A8:13
gas hydrates, A1:6
photograph, A1:54
barite, sediments, A3:18
barium
pore water, A6:11; A7:11; A8:13; A9:12; A10:15
pore water comparison of Sites 1244 and 1248, A7:39
remobilization, A3:67
sediments, A3:18–19
vs. depth, A3:60, 67; A4:62; A5:29; A6:40; A7:37, 39; A8:49; A9:47; A10:53, 57
bathymetry
Cascadia continental margin, B3:12
Hydrate Ridge, A1:51; B3:13; B10:9
Hydrate Ridge S, B1:26
Site 1244, A3:44
Site 1245, A4:35
Site 1246, A5:21
Site 1247, A6:27
Site 1248, A7:25
Site 1249, A8:36
Site 1250, A9:31
Site 1251, A10:39
Site 1252, A11:22
Beggiatoa, bacterial mats, A8:13
bioevents
age, A3:107; A4:105; A5:55; A6:71; A7:65; A8:82; A9:80; A10:96; A11:54; B8:28
See also diatom bioevents; nannofossil bioevents
biogenic component
lithologic units, A6:3–8
vs. depth, A3:4–8; A4:36–40, 42; A5:22; A6:29–30; A7:26; A8:37; A9:32–33, 38; A10:40–43; A11:23–24, 26
biogeochemistry, summary, A1:4–6
biological communities, gas hydrates, A1:10–11
biosphere, shallow marine, "peachy orange slime," A10:19, 64
biostratigraphy
diatoms, Sites 1251–1252, B6:1–10
Site 1244, A3:10–13
Site 1245, A4:11–13
Site 1246, A5:5–7
Site 1247, A6:8–9
Site 1248, A7:7–9
Site 1249, A8:9–11
Site 1250, A9:9–10
Site 1251, A10:11–13
Site 1252, A11:9–11
summary, A1:60
Biot-Gassman theory, velocity logs, B22:11–12
biotite, lithologic units, A3:6–8
bioturbation
lithologic units, A4:4; A6:3–8; A7:3–4; A8:7–8; A9:5–7; A10:5–9; A11:4–7
photograph, A3:50; A4:54–55
Blake Ridge, sulfate, methane, alkalinity, magnesium, and calcium, B16:13
borehole breakouts
azimuth, B4:14
azimuth histograms, B4:12
lithologic units, A10:7–8
plan view, B4:10
resistivity-at-the-bit, A3:98
stress orientation, B4:1–14
boron
pore water, A7:11; A10:15–16
pore water comparison of Sites 1244 and 1248, A7:40
vs. depth, A3:59; A4:61; A5:28; A6:39; A7:36; A8:48; A9:46; A10:52
bottom-simulating reflector
accretionary complex, A1:56–57; A3:10
acetate and hydrogen, B17:5
chloride vs. depth, A10:55
gas transport, B15:8–9
Hydrate Ridge S, B2:11–12
infrared scanning, A7:16
iron sulfides, B18:6–7
map, B2:29
rock magnetism, B18:13
sediments, B11:8
seismic data, A8:60
seismic profiles, A6:28, 31; A7:27
temperature and depths, B15:50
thermal anomalies, A10:67
vs. chloride, A3:61
vs. depth, A5:23
breccia, silty clay, lithologic units, A3:8
bromide, vs. depth, B14:18
bromine
pore water, B14:1–25
See also iodine/bromine ratio
burial velocity, compaction, B15:10–11
burrow infills, lithologic units, A10:6
butane
gas hydrates, A7:13–14
See also iso-butane; n-butane

C

calcareous component, vs. depth, A3:45–47; A4:36–40; A5:22; A6:29–30; A7:26; A8:37; A9:32–33, 38; A10:40–43; A11:23–24, 26
calcite
lithologic units, A10:9
oxygen isotopes, B13:6–8
sediments, B11:17–19
X-ray diffraction data, A6:34; A7:31; A9:37; A10:50; B12:71
calcite, high-magnesium, authigenic carbonates, B5:1–8
calcite crystals, photomicrograph, A5:24
calcite needles, authigenic, photomicrograph, A3:55
calcium
bacterial mats, A8:13
pore water, A9:12
vs. depth, A3:60; A4:62, 66; A5:29; A6:40; A7:37; A8:49; A9:47; A10:53
See also magnesium/calcium ratio
caliper logs
logging-while-drilling, A3:90–93
vs. depth, A4:88, 90–91; A5:50; A6:60, 62–63; A7:57; A8:71; A9:67–69; A10:81, 83–84; A11:48–49, 51
carbon, dissolved inorganic, carbon isotopes, B15:5–6; B20:1–16
carbon, dissolved organic, vs. depth, A4:61; A5:28; A6:39; A7:36; A8:48; A9:46; A10:52; A11:35
carbon, inorganic
sediments, A3:21, 119; A4:17, 116; A5:10, 60; A6:14, 77; A7:14, 70; A9:14, 88; A10:17, 106
vs. depth, A3:72; A4:73; A5:37; A6:49; A7:46; A9:53; A10:63
carbon, organic
authigenic carbonates, B5:7–8
sediments, A3:21, 119; A4:17, 116; A5:10, 60; A6:14, 77; A7:14, 70; A9:14, 88; A10:17–18, 106
vs. depth, A3:72; A4:73; A5:37; A6:49; A7:46; A9:53; A10:63
carbon, total
authigenic carbonates, B5:7–8
sediments, A3:21, 119; A4:17, 116; A5:10, 60; A6:77; A7:70; A9:88; A10:106
carbon/nitrogen ratio
sediments, A3:21, 119; A4:17, 116; A5:10, 60; A6:14, 77; A7:70; A9:14, 88; A10:17–18, 106
vs. depth, A3:72; A4:73; A5:37; A6:49; A7:46; A9:53; A10:63
carbon cycling, sediments, A7:10–11; A8:13; A9:11
carbon dioxide
carbon isotopes, B15:5
core void gas, A4:112–113; A5:58; A6:74; A7:68; A8:86; A9:84–85; A11:57
decomposed gas hydrates, A4:114; A5:59; A6:75; A7:69; A8:97; A9:86
organic matter decomposition, A10:15
pressure cores, A4:115; A6:76; A8:88–89; A9:87; A10:104–105
vs. depth, B19:9–10
carbon isotopes
anaerobic methane oxidation, B15:11–14
carbon dioxide, B19:6
dissolved inorganic carbon, B15:5–6, 30, 49; B20:1–16
ethane generation mechanism, B15:16–17
ethane-pentane hydrocarbons in void gas, B15:45
methane and carbon dioxide, B15:5, 29, 42–44
methane and carbon dioxide in hydrate-bound gas, B15:48
methane and carbon dioxide in pressure core gas, B15:47
vs. 1/carbon number ratio, B15:31
vs. depth, B15:27; B20:7
vs. methane/ethane ratio, B15:28
carbon number reciprocal, vs. carbon isotopes, B15:31
carbonate apron, seafloor observations, A1:4–6
carbonate cementation, apparent overconsolidation, B8:9
carbonate content
authigenic carbonates, B5:2–3
calcite, B5:6
dolomite, B5:6
lithologic units, A6:3–8; A10:8–9
sediments, A3:119; A4:116; A5:60; A6:77; A7:70; A9:88
vs. depth, A3:72; A4:45, 73; A5:37; A6:33, 49; A7:46; A9:53; A10:47, 63; B5:6; B11:13–15
X-ray diffraction data, A6:34; B12:71
carbonate pavement, seafloor observations, A1:4–6
carbonate precipitates, lithologic units, A11:6–7
carbonate spire, seafloor observations, A1:4–6
carbonates
authigenesis, A4:66
concretions, A7:64
dissolution, A11:10
fluoride, B16:8–9
mineral composition, A10:95
oxygen isotopes, B13:6–8
photograph, A1:54; A3:54
redox, B15:9–10
X-ray diffraction data, A9:37
carbonates, authigenic
accretionary complexes, A11:7–9
carbon cycling, A9:11
fluoride, B16:8–9
lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:4; A6:3–4; A7:3–8; A9:4–5; A10:7–8; A11:6–7
photograph, A5:24; A6:32; A11:32
photomicrograph, A5:24
sediments, B5:1–8
carbonates, magnesium-rich, fluoride, B16:8–9
Cascadia accretionary complex
gas hydrates, B1:1–40
geology, A1:4–6
Cascadia accretionary prism, authigenic carbonates, B5:1–8
Cascadia Basin, clay mineralogy, B7:4
Cascadia continental margin
bathymetry, B3:12
consolidation and sediment strength, B12:1–148
fluid evolution in accretionary prism, B13:1–20
summary, A1:1–75
Cascadia margin, north-south variability of deformation and fluid venting, B3:1–15
Cascadia subduction zone
clay mineralogy, B7:1–15
geology, B1:3–5
tectonics, A1:51
check shot surveys, near-offset vertical seismic profiles, B25:7, 23
chemoherms, environment, A7:7
chemosynthetic communities, gas transport in shallow sediments, B15:1–52
chloride
discrete excursions within gas hydrate stability zone, B13:16
dissolved in pore fluids, A3:111; A4:109; A5:7
fluid provenance, B13:5–6
gas hydrate proxies, B1:11–12
gas hydrates, A1:43; A3:13–16; A4:13–14; A5:7; A6:10; A7:10; A8:11–12; A9:10–11; A10:13–14; A11:11–12
glaciation signals in shallow interstitial waters, B13:4–5
moisture and density bulk density, A8:84
pore water, A4:15; B13:13, 17
profile comparison of Sites 1245 and 1249, A8:50
profile comparison of Sites 1245 and 1250, A9:48
profile vs. reflectors, A11:36
sediments, A3:17–18
seismic Horizon A, B1:32
vs. bottom-simulating reflector, A3:61
vs. depth, A1:65; A3:59, 70; A4:61, 63–64; A5:28, 30; A6:39, 41; A7:36, 38; A8:48, 50; A9:46, 48; A10:52, 54–55, 69; A11:35–36; B1:32, 34; B14:18
vs. reflector AC, A3:61
See also lithium/chloride ratio
chlorite
sediments, B7:5
vs. depth, B11:13–16
chlorite (+ kaolinite), vs. depth, B7:12–14
clams, gas hydrates, A1:6
clasts
lithologic units, A9:6–7; A10:5
photograph, A11:28
clasts, carbonate, lithologic units, A7:4
clasts, clay
lithologic units, A7:5; A11:4–7
photograph, A9:40; A11:28
clasts, mud
lithologic units, A4:9–10; A10:4–5
photograph, A4:57
clay
clay mineralogy, B7:1–15; B11:1–19
gas hydrates, B10:4–6
lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:5–10; A5:3–5; A8:6–8
photograph, A11:27
vs. depth, A3:45–47; A4:36–40, 42; A5:22; A6:29–30; A7:26; A8:37; A9:32–33, 35; A10:40–43; A11:23–24, 26; B10:11–18; B11:13–15
clay, authigenic carbonate-rich, lithologic units, Site 1249, A8:7–8
clay, biogenic opal-rich, photomicrograph, A3:49
clay, diatom-bearing, lithologic units, A4:5; A7:3–6
clay, diatom-bearing silty, lithologic units, A5:3; A10:4–5
clay, diatom-rich
lithologic units, A4:5–7; A7:3–4; A8:6–8
photomicrograph, A4:49; A10:49
clay, diatom-rich silty, lithologic units, A5:3; A6:4–5; A9:4–5; A11:2–6
clay, foraminifer-rich, photograph, A10:48
clay, foraminifer-rich silty, lithologic units, A11:5–7
clay, glauconite-rich, photograph, A10:49
clay, hemipelagic
environment, A9:8; A10:10–11
lithologic units, A6:3–4; A7:5–6
clay, indurated, lithologic units, A10:7–8
clay, nannofossil-bearing, lithologic units, A4:4; A6:6–7; A7:4–6
clay, nannofossil-bearing silty, lithologic units, A5:3
clay, nannofossil-rich, lithologic units, A4:5–7; A8:6–8; A9:7; A11:3–5
clay, nannofossil-rich foraminifer-bearing, photomicrograph, A10:48
clay, nannofossil-rich silty, lithologic units, A11:3–5
clay, silty
clay mineralogy, B11:1–19
lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:4–11; A5:3–5; A6:3–8; A7:3–6; A8:6–8; A9:4–7; A10:4–9; A11:2–7
photograph, A3:50; A11:29
clay, volcanic glass-rich silty, lithologic units, A9:4
clay mineralogy, sediments, B7:1–15; B11:1–19
clay minerals, lithologic units, A3:4–8; A6:3–8; A11:5–7
clay volume content, velocity logs, B22:6–7
claystone
clay mineralogy, B7:1–15
lithologic units, A3:7–10; A4:7–9; A10:8–9
photograph, A4:55
claystone, nannofossil-rich
photograph, A4:54
photomicrograph, A4:56
claystone, silty, lithologic units, A4:9–10; A10:8–9
cleavage planes, photograph, A8:45
Cline, vs. time, B23:21–28
coccoid cells, "peachy orange slime," A10:19, 64
coefficient of consolidation, vs. vertical consolidation stress, B12:31–47
color change
lithologic units, A3:4–8; A5:3–4
photograph, A3:54
Columbia River, clay mineralogy, B7:4
compaction
burial velocity, B15:10–11
fluid venting, B3:6
compression index, sediments, B12:7–8
compressional wave velocity
correlation, B8:7
repressurized sediments, B26:6
sediments, A3:27, 126; A4:21–22, 124; A5:13, 64; A10:24, 113; A11:16
seismic Horizon A, B1:32
vs. consolidation stress, B26:15
vs. depth, A3:80–81; A5:46
compressional wave velocity logs, vs. depth, A3:94; A6:65; A9:71; A11:48
computed tomographic analysis, gas hydrate shape and structure, B21:1–11
concretions, carbonate, location, A7:64
conductivity. See temperature-pressure-conductivity tool
conglomerate
environment, A8:9
photograph, A4:57
consolidation, sediments, B12:1–148
contamination
bacteria, A3:23; A4:19
See also fluorescent microspheres; perfluorocarbon tracers
convoluted bedding, lithologic units, A7:5; A9:6–7; A10:5; A11:4–7
core logging, tools, A8:26–28
core quality, microbiology, A3:122
cores
drilling data, B23:33–41
recovery, A9:98
correlation
logging-while-drilling, A1:61
physical properties, B8:7
physical properties and seismic data, A4:78
cracks
lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:6
photograph, B8:15
X-ray line scanner images, A10:72
cross bedding, photograph, A4:57
cross sections, reconstruction, B2:28
crust. See top of oceanic crust
cycling, carbon, A7:10–11; A8:13; A9:11

D

Daisy Bank fault, sediments, B4:13
DBF1 debris flow deposit, Seismic Profile OR89-Line 2, B1:28
DBF2 debris flow deposit, Seismic Profile OR89-Line 2, B1:28
debris flows
accretionary complexes, A11:7–9
clay mineralogy, B11:8
deposition, A6:7
diatom biostratigraphy, B6:2–3
environment, A10:10–11
lithologic units, A7:5–7; A8:7–8; A9:5–7; A10:4–9; A11:2–7
photograph, A1:59; A6:36; A7:32; A9:40; A10:46; A11:28
seismic data, A3:58
decay constants, surface porosity, B8:29
decomposition, organic matter, A10:14–15
deep resistivity logs, vs. depth, A4:89–90; A5:51, 53; A6:61–62, 68; A7:58, 60; A8:72, 74; A9:72, 75; A10:82–83, 89; A11:48, 51
deformation
fluid venting, B3:6
gas hydrate stability zone, B2:12–13
geology, B1:4–5
north-south variability, B3:1–15
deformation front
accretionary prisms, B14:5
vs. heat flow, B9:24
deformation, syn- and post-tectonic, seismic units, B2:8
degassing
core pullout, B23:9–10
sediments, A3:130; A4:129; A6:83; A8:96; A9:97; A10:117
volume-time plots, A3:85–86
dehydration, clay minerals, B13:8
demagnetization, magnetite, B18:5–6
demagnetization, thermal, iron sulfides, B18:5–7
density
correlation, B8:7
correlation with seismic data, A4:78; A5:42
logging-while-drilling, A3:61; A4:41, 77, 92
nuclear magnetic resonance logs, B27:8–9
repressurized sediments, B26:5–6, 18
sediments, A3:26–27, 123–125; A4:20–21, 122–123; A5:63; A6:80; A7:73; A8:18, 93; A9:17–18, 94; A10:22, 111–112; A11:15, 59
vs. depth, A3:68; A4:51; A7:27; A9:34; B8:17–21
vs. shear strength, B8:22
vs. velocity, B8:22
density, bulk
correlation with seismic data, A4:78
seismic Horizon B´, B25:17
sulfide structure photograph, A6:54–55
density, gamma ray attenuation
across seismic Horizon A, A4:79; A7:51
degassing, A8:68
Fugro pressure corer, A8:70
HYACE rotary corer, A8:69
HYACINTH pressure core, B1:35–36
logging-while-drilling, A1:61
vs. depth, A3:77–79, 81, 88; A4:77; A5:41, 43–44; A6:52–53; A7:51–52; A8:59, 68–70; A9:56–57; A10:44, 70; A11:44–45
density, grain
across seismic Horizon A, A4:79; A7:51
vs. depth, A3:77; A4:77; A5:41; A6:52; A7:51–52; A8:59; A9:56; A10:70; A11:44
density, in situ bulk, seismic Horizon A, B1:31
density, logging-while-drilling
across seismic Horizon A, A4:79; A7:51
vs. depth, A3:77–78; A5:23, 41, 43–44; A6:31, 52, 64; A7:51–52; A8:59–60; A9:56–58; A10:70–71
density, moisture and density bulk
across seismic Horizon A, A4:79; A7:51
chloride, A8:84
vs. depth, A3:77–79; A4:77; A6:52; A7:51–52; A8:59–60; A9:56, 58; A10:70; A11:44–45
density, normalized bulk, vs. depth, A10:74
density, sediment, vs. depth, A4:81; A5:12, 46; A6:15–16; A7:16–17
density, time-after-bit, vs. depth, A4:88; A5:50; A6:60; A7:57; A8:71; A9:67; A10:81
density correction logs, vs. depth, A4:88; A6:60; A7:57; A8:71; A9:67; A10:81
density from core logs, vs. depth, A4:89, 92; A5:51, 53; A6:61–62, 64, 68; A7:58, 60; A8:72, 74; A9:70, 72, 75; A10:82, 85, 89; A11:48, 51
density logs
logging-while-drilling, A3:90–93, 100; A10:85
vs. depth, A4:89; A6:61–62, 68; A7:58, 60; A8:72, 74; A9:72, 75; A10:82–83, 89; A11:48, 51
density porosity logs
gas hydrate saturation, B27:17–22
logging-while-drilling, A3:99
vs. depth, A4:90; A5:52; A6:62, 67; A8:73; A9:74; A10:83; A11:48, 51
vs. resistivity, B22:20
vs. velocity, B22:19
vs. velocity ratio, B22:18
density wireline logs, vs. depth, A3:93; A4:92; A6:64; A9:70; A10:85
deoxyribonucleic acid, enrichment, A3:23
deposition, environment, A3:9–10; A4:10–11; A5:5; A6:7–8; A7:7; A8:9; A9:8; A10:9–11; A11:7–9
deuterium
fluid provenance, B13:5–6
methane, B15:46
vs. depth, B13:14, 17
dewatering
accretionary wedges, B3:7
fluid venting, B3:6
gas hydrates, A1:45–46
porosity, B8:9–10
diagenesis
organic matter, A3:17
pore water, A6:11
diagenesis, early
acetogenesis, B17:5
gas hydrates, B15:19–20
organic matter, A10:14–15
diatom bioevents, chart, A4:59; A7:34
diatoms
biostratigraphy, A3:10–11; A4:11–12; A5:6; A6:8; A7:8; A8:10; A9:9; A10:11; A11:9; B6:1–10
lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:5–11; A5:3–4; A6:3–8; A8:6–8; A10:6–7; A11:3–5
dipole sonic waveforms, vs. depth, A4:93; A6:65; A9:71; A10:86; A11:50; B24:23–37
disconformities
lithologic units, A4:5
seismic Horizon Y, A6:7
discontinuities, environment, A10:10–11
dissolution, carbonates, A11:10
dolomite
authigenic carbonates, B5:2–3
lithologic units, A10:9
oxygen isotopes, B13:6–8
X-ray diffraction data, A6:34; A10:50
domes
seismic units, B2:7–8
tectonics, B2:10
downhole logging
gas hydrate proxies, B1:12–13; B22:1–25
Site 1244, A3:34–40
Site 1245, A4:26–33
Site 1246, A5:15–19
Site 1247, A6:19–25
Site 1248, A7:19–23
Site 1249, A8:29–33
Site 1250, A9:22–29
Site 1251, A10:30–37
Site 1252, A11:17–20
downhole measurements
Site 1244, A3:29–33
Site 1245, A4:22–26
Site 1246, A5:14–15
Site 1247, A6:17–19
Site 1248, A7:18–19
Site 1249, A8:20–28
Site 1250, A9:19–22
Site 1251, A10:25–30
Site 1252, A11:16–17
dynamics, gas hydrates, B1:5–10

E

echo sounder data, A1:53
Eel River Basin, methane/ethane ratio in void gas samples, B15:40
elastic constants, velocity logs, B22:24
elastic models, parameters, B24:38
elastic properties, gas hydrates, B24:4
electrical conductivity, uncalibrated, gas hydrate dissociation, A8:61
erosional surfaces, lithologic units, A10:6
Escanaba Trough, methane/ethane ratio, B15:38
ethane
concentration in headspace gases, A3:112
core void gas, A4:112–113; A5:58; A6:74; A7:68; A8:53, 86; A9:51, 84–85; A10:61, 102–103; A11:40, 57
core void gas vs. depth, A3:113–114; A5:35; A6:46
decomposed gas hydrates, A4:114; A5:59; A6:75; A7:69; A8:97; A9:86
fractionation by gas hydrate formation, B15:17–19
gas hydrates, A1:45
generation mechanism, B15:16–17
geothermal gradient, B15:38
pressure cores, A4:115; A6:76; A8:88–89; A9:87; A10:104–105
sediments, A3:19–20; A4:16–17, 110–111; A5:8–9, 57; A6:12–13, 73; A7:12, 67; A8:14–15, 85; A9:12–13, 83; A10:16–17, 100–101; A11:13, 56
vs. depth, A3:68; A4:68, 70; A5:33; A6:44, 46–48; A7:41–45; A8:52; A9:50–53; A10:59, 61–62; A11:38, 40–41
See also methane/ethane ratio
ethylene
sediments, A3:19; A4:16–17, 110–111; A5:8–9, 57; A6:12, 73; A7:67; A8:14, 85; A9:12, 83; A10:16, 100–101; A11:56
vs. depth, A6:44; A7:41; A8:52; A9:50; A10:59; A11:38

F

fabric, gas hydrates, B1:14–15
fabric, scaly, lithologic units, A10:7–8
Fault F1, seismic units, B2:7
Fault F2
map, B2:24
seismic units, B2:7
Fault System E
seismic units, B2:8
tectonics, B2:9–111
faults, gas hydrate stability zone, B3:6–8
faults, normal
deposition, A5:5
seismic Horizon B, B2:27
faults, strike-slip, deformation age constraints, B3:4–5
faults, thrust
fluid venting distribution, B3:5–6
gas hydrate stability zone, B2:12–13
seismic Horizon Y, A6:7
feldspar
lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:5–11; A6:3–8; A7:5–6; A10:8–9; A11:5–7
sediments, B11:8, 17–19
fluid evolution, isotopes, B13:3–4
fluid flow, gas hydrates, A1:43–44
fluid provenance, chloride and deuterium, B13:5–6
fluid transport, iodine and bromine, B14:1–25
fluid venting
distribution, B3:5–6
history, B3:6
fluorescent microspheres, bacteria, A3:23; A4:19; A8:17; A9:15–16; A10:19
fluoride
pore water, B16:1–22
vs. depth, B16:14–20
fluoride, dissolved, methane-charged sediments, B16:1–22
flux, distributed low, gas hydrates, B1:6–7
flux, focused high, transport-dominated regime, B1:7–8
Fold F
map, B2:24
seismic units, B2:6–7
tectonics, B2:9–10
folding, thrust, growth strata, B2:19
folds, drag, tectonics, B2:9
foraminifers
lithologic units, A3:5–8; A4:4–11; A6:3–8; A10:6–7; A11:4–7
photograph, A4:57; A6:37; A10:48
photomicrograph, A4:58; A7:30
formation factor, vs. porosity, B8:16
Formation MicroScanner imagery
correlation, A11:19–20
logging-while-drilling, A3:37–38, 91–93, 96–97
resistivity-at-the-bit images, A6:23; A9:27; A10:35
seismic Horizon A, A4:95
turbidite, A4:96
vs. depth, A4:91; A6:63, 66; A9:69, 73; A10:84; A11:49, 51
well-logging units, A4:30–31
fractures
gas hydrate stability zone, B3:6–8
lithologic units, A3:4–8
"peachy orange slime," A10:19, 64
free gas saturation, cementation model, B24:14–15
free gas saturation vs. depth, velocity, B22:22–23
free gas zone
gas hydrates, A1:10–11, 45
velocity logs, B22:1–25
friction angle, internal, vs. axial strain, B12:49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
Fugro pressure corer, tools, A3:32–33; A4:26; A8:25–26; A9:22; A10:29–30
Fulmar fault, accretionary prisms, B14:5

G

gamma ray logs
logging-while-drilling, A3:90–93, 100; A4:92; A6:64; A9:70
vs. depth, A4:89–92; A5:51, 53; A6:61–64, 68; A7:58, 60; A8:72, 74; A9:68–70, 72, 75; A10:82–85, 89; A11:48–49, 51
See also uranium-free gamma ray logs
gamma ray wireline logs, vs. depth, A4:92; A6:64; A9:70; A10:85
gas expansion
lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:6
photograph, A8:41–42; B8:15
gas expansion cracks, photograph, B8:15
gas hydrate anomalies, thermal anomalies, A5:40; A10:65
gas hydrate dissociation
boron, A7:11
photograph, A3:57; A7:28; A8:41–42, 46, 51
physical properties, A7:17–18; A8:19–20
resistivity, A7:54
uncalibrated electrical conductivity, A8:61
gas hydrate occurrence zone
correlation with grain size, B10:19–20
isothermal remanent magnetization, B18:13
sediment grain size, B10:4
gas hydrate proxies
intercalibration, B1:10–13
occurrence, A1:42–43
gas hydrate saturation
cementation model, B24:14–15
density porosity logs, B27:17–22
nuclear magnetic resonance logs, B27:8–9
gas hydrate saturation vs. depth, shear wave velocity, B22:21
gas hydrate stability zone
acetate and hydrogen, B17:4–6
chloride concentration, A3:13–16
discrete chloride excursions, B13:16
fractures, B3:6–8
gas transport, B15:7–8
Hydrate Ridge S, B1:18–19
infrared scanning, A7:16
lateral heterogeneity, B1:9–10
seafloor observations, A1:5–6
seismic profiles, A11:25; B4:11
tectonic controls, B2:11–12
transport-dominated regime, B1:7–8
velocity logs, B22:12–13
See also methane/seawater/hydrate stability zone
gas hydrates
acetate and hydrogen, B17:1–20
amount, B22:11
average content in sediments, B1:38
chloride, A3:13–16; A4:13–14; A5:7; A6:10; A7:10; A8:11–12; A9:10–11; A10:13–14; A11:11–12
degassing, B23:10
distribution and dynamics, B1:1–40
dynamics, B1:5–10; B15:6
elastic properties, B24:4
estimates using chloride concentration profile, A3:63–64
ethane fractionation, B15:17–19
gases from decomposition, A3:117
geochemistry, A3:118
hydrocarbons, A5:10; A7:13–14
infrared imagery, A4:120–121; A5:62; A6:79; A7:61, 72; A8:92; A9:92–93; A10:20–22, 110; A11:58
iodine and bromine, B14:1–25
iron sulfide rock magnetism, B18:1–33
isotope anomalies, B13:4
lithologic effects, B1:8–9
lithologic units, A10:7
microbiology, B1:16–18
near-offset vertical seismic profiles, B25:7
nuclear magnetic resonance logs, B27:1–22
Oregon continental margin, A1:1–75
past presence, B1:16
pressure cores, A3:20; A4:17; A6:13–14; A8:15; A9:13–14, 19–21; A10:17
resistivity-at-the-bit, A3:95; A8:75
sediment granulometry, B10:1–30
sedimentary evidence, A3:8–9; A4:10; A5:4–5; A7:6–7; A8:8–9; A9:7–8; A10:9; A11:7
seismic Horizon A, B1:32
seismic profiles, B1:27–28; B9:15
shape and structure, B21:1–11
slope stability, A1:10
sonic velocity, B24:1–38
stratigraphic and structural controls, B2:11–12
structure and fabric, B1:14–15
sulfate/methane interface, A3:16–17
sulfur isotopes, B19:4–6
velocity logs, B22:1–25
vs. depth, A4:104; B1:32, 34
well-logging, A3:39–40; A4:32; A5:18–19; A6:24–25; A7:22–23; A8:32–33; A9:28–29; A10:36; A11:20
gas hydrates, disseminated, computed tomographic analysis, B21:2–3
gas hydrates, in pore space, vs. depth, A4:63; A5:30; A6:41; A7:38; A9:48
gas hydrates, layer, computed tomographic analysis, B21:3, 8
gas hydrates, massive, computed tomographic analysis, B21:3, 10
gas hydrates, nodule, computed tomographic analysis, B21:3, 9
gas hydrates, reaction-dominated
microbial metabolites, B15:9–19
systems, B1:6–7
gas hydrates, transport-dominated, systems, B1:7–8
gas hydrates, veinlets, computed tomographic analysis, B21:3, 6
gas hydrates, veins
computed tomographic analysis, B21:3, 7
photograph, A1:54
gas transport
bottom-simulating reflector, B15:8–9
gas hydrate stability zone, B15:7–8
shallow sediments, B15:1–52
gases, gas hydrates, A1:44–46
geochemical anomalies, gas hydrate proxies, B1:11–12
geochemistry
gas hydrates, A1:10
pore water, A3:13–19; A4:13–15, 106–108; A5:7–8, 56; A6:9–12, 72; A7:9–12, 66; A8:11–13, 83; A9:10–12, 81–82; A10:13–16, 97–99; A11:11–12, 55
geochemistry, organic
Site 1244, A3:19–21
Site 1245, A4:15–18
Site 1246, A5:8–10
Site 1247, A6:12–14
Site 1248, A7:12–14
Site 1249, A8:14–15
Site 1250, A9:12–14
Site 1251, A10:16–18
Site 1252, A11:12–14
geology
Cascadia subduction zone, B1:3–5
summary, A1:4–6
geophysical surveys, calibration, A1:10
geothermal gradient
ethane, B15:38
summary, B1:39; B9:7–10, 26
glaciation, signals in shallow interstitial waters, B13:4–5
glass shards
lithologic units, A3:7–8
photomicrograph, A1:59; A3:52
glauconite
lithologic units, A3:6–8; A4:5–11; A6:4–5; A7:5–6; A9:6–7; A10:8–9
photograph, A11:31
photomicrograph, A3:56; A4:46, 58; A7:30
vs. depth, A4:45; A10:47; A11:30
glauconite, authigenic, environment, A10:9–11
graded bedding, lithologic units, A5:3–4; A10:4–5
grain size
apparent overconsolidation, B8:9
correlation with gas hydrate occurrence, B10:20
gas hydrates, B10:4–7
sediments, B11:1–19
soils, B12:20
statistical correlation with gas hydrate occurrence, B10:19, 30
granules, clay-rich, lithologic units, A10:5
greigite, demagnetization, B18:5–7
growth strata, thrust folding, B2:19
gypsum, lithologic units, A4:9

H

halogens, pore water, B14:1–25
heat flow
based on age of subducting oceanic crust and thickness of overlying sediments, B9:24
Hydrate Ridge S, B1:15–16
summary, B1:39; B9:7–10, 26
vs. deformation front, B9:24
heat transfer, radial, models, B23:15
helium, pore water, B17:20
heterogeneity, lateral, gas hydrate stability zone, B1:9–10
hexane
core void gas, A9:51
decomposed gas hydrates, A4:114
See also iso-hexane; n-hexane
Holocene
lithologic units, A4:4; A5:3; A6:3–4; A7:3–4; A8:6–7; A9:4; A10:4–5; A11:2–5
See also Pleistocene/Holocene boundary
HYACE rotary corer operations, tools, A4:25–26; A8:24–25; A9:21–22; A10:28–29
HYACINTH
gamma ray attenuation density, B1:35–36
pressure coring, A3:33, 131; A4:24–25, 130; A8:23, 97; A9:21–22, 99; A10:27–30, 118
Hydrate Ridge
authigenic carbonates, B5:1–8
biogeochemistry, A1:4–6
clay mineralogy, B7:1–15
consolidation and sediment strength, B12:1–148
deep-towed sidescan sonar imagery, B3:16
dissolved fluoride, B16:1–22
dissolved hydrogen sulfide and sulfur isotopes in pore water, B19:1–13
fluid evolution in accretionary prism, B13:1–20
gas hydrates estimated from velocity logs, B22:1–25
halogen concentration in interstitial waters, B14:1–25
interstitial water isotopes, B13:1–20
isotopic characterization of dissolved inorganic carbon, B20:1–16
near-offset vertical seismic experiments, B25:1–23
north-south variability of deformation and fluid venting, B3:1–15
nuclear magnetic resonance logging, B27:1–22
physical properties of near-surface sediments, B8:1–29
physical properties of repressurized sediments, B26:1–19
rock magnetics of iron sulfides, B18:1–33
sediment granulometry and gas hydrates, B10:1–30
shape and structure of gas hydrates, B21:1–11
sonic velocity, B24:1–38
stress orientation, B4:1–14
structure map, B3:14
tectonics, A1:51
temperature-pressure-conductivity tool, B23:1–41
Hydrate Ridge N, seaward vergent structural style, B3:1–8
Hydrate Ridge S
acetate and hydrogen in pore fluids, B17:1–20
geologic history, B1:3–5
grain-size and sediment bulk and clay mineralogy of summit and flanks, B11:1–19
landward vergent structural style, B3:1–8
location, B2:17
microbial methane generation and gas transport, B15:1–52
seismic sequence stratigraphy and tectonic evolution, B2:1–29
subsurface temperature, B9:1–25
thermal regime, B1:15–16
water temperature, A1:53
hydraulic conductivity, vs. void ratio, B12:31–47
hydrocarbons
core void gas, A4:112–113; A5:58
gas hydrates, A5:10; A7:13–14
sediments, A3:19–20; A4:16–17; A5:8–9; A6:12–13; A7:12–13; A8:14–15; A9:12–13; A10:16–17; A11:13
hydrogen
pore water, B17:1–20
vs. depth, B17:10–16
hydrogen index, sediments, A3:120
hydrogen isotopes
methane and carbon dioxide, B15:5
pore water, B13:3–4
hydrogen sulfide
bacterial mats, A8:13
core void gas, A4:112–113; A7:68; A10:102–103
decomposed gas hydrates, A5:59; A7:69; A9:86
sulfur isotopes, B19:1–13
vs. depth, B19:9–10
hydrogen sulfide, dissolved, pore water, B19:1–13
hydrologic properties, sediment cores, B1:13–14

I

I layers, grain size and gas hydrates, B10:4
ice sheets, gas hydrates, B13:8
illite
lithologic units, A4:9; A10:8
sediments, B7:5
vs. depth, B7:12–14
impedance, downcore seismic, reflection coefficients, B8:8
impedance, seismic, vs. depth, B8:24
induration, lithologic units, A4:7
infrared anomalies
correlation with sediment grain size, B10:4–5, 23–24
vs. depth, B11:13–16
infrared imagery
cores, A1:62; A3:73
gas hydrates, A6:79; A7:72; A8:92; A9:92–93; A10:20–22, 110; A11:58
nodular texture, A8:56
veins, A8:56
infrared scanning
gas hydrate proxies, B1:11
thermal anomalies, A3:25–26; A4:20; A5:11, 39; A6:14–15, 51; A7:15–16, 47–48; A8:17–18, 58; A9:16–17, 55; A10:65–69; A11:14–15, 43; B10:11–18
intercalibration, gas hydrate proxies, B1:10–13
iodide, vs. depth, B14:18
iodine, pore water, B14:1–25
iodine-127, pore water, B14:3–4, 8
iodine-129/iodine ratio
vs. age, B14:22
vs. depth, B14:20–21
iodine/bromine ratio, vs. depth, B14:19
iodine isotopes, pore water, B14:1–25
iron
comparison between Sites 1244 and 1246, A5:32
microorganisms, A3:22
pore water, A5:8; A6:11; A10:15
sediments, A3:18
vs. depth, A3:59; A4:61; A5:28, 32; A6:39; A7:36; A8:48; A9:46; A10:52, 58
iron sulfides
lithologic units, A7:3–6; A9:5; A11:3–5
pore water, A5:8
rock magnetism, B18:1–33
iso-butane
core void gas, A4:112–113; A5:58; A6:74; A7:68; A8:53, 86; A9:51, 84–85; A10:61, 102–103; A11:57
core void gas vs. depth, A6:46
decomposed gas hydrates, A4:114; A5:59; A6:75; A7:69; A8:97; A9:86
pressure cores, A4:115; A6:76; A8:88–89; A9:87; A10:104–105
vs. depth, A4:70; A7:42–43; A10:61
iso-hexane
core void gas, A6:74; A7:68; A9:84–85
core void gas vs. depth, A6:46
decomposed gas hydrates, A9:86
pressure cores, A9:87; A10:104–105
iso-pentane
core void gas, A5:58; A6:74; A7:68; A8:53, 86; A9:51, 84–85
decomposed gas hydrates, A8:97
pressure cores, A6:76; A8:88–89; A9:87
isopach maps, seismic units, B2:26
isotopes
anomalies with gas hydrates, B13:3–4
gas hydrates, A1:10
geological and geochemical constraints, B13:1–20
pore water, B13:1–20; B15:6
isotopic fractionation factor
deuterium, B13:6
oxygen isotopes, B13:7

J

Juan de Fuca plate, geology, A1:4; B1:3–5

K

kaolinite
sediments, B7:5
vs. depth, B11:13–16

L

laminations, lithologic units, A3:7–8; A6:6–7
laminations, planar, photograph, A4:55, 57
landslides, accretionary complexes, A11:7–9
Leg 204
coring summary, A1:73–74
operational summary, A1:11–14, 75
site summary, A1:72; B1:37
liquid limit, vs. plasticity index, B12:19
lithium
comparison between Sites 1244 and 1246, A5:31
comparison of Sites 1245 and 1250, A9:49
pore water, A4:15; A5:8; A6:11–12; A9:12; A10:15
sediments, A3:17–18
seismic Horizon A, A6:12, 43; A9:12
vs. depth, A3:59; A4:61, 67; A5:28, 31; A6:39, 43; A7:36; A8:48; A9:46, 49; A10:52, 54
lithium/chloride ratio, vs. depth, A3:62
lithofacies, hemipelagic clay, B11:8
lithologic units
clay mineralogy, B11:1–19
correlation, B2:18; B7:9
Site 1244, A3:4–8
Site 1245, A4:4–10
Site 1246, A5:3–4
Site 1247, A6:3–7
Site 1248, A7:3–6
Site 1249, A8:6–8
Site 1250, A9:4–7
Site 1251, A10:4–9
Site 1252, A11:2–7
stress orientation, B4:1–14
Unit I, A3:4–5; A4:4; A5:3; A6:3–4; A9:4; A10:4–5; A11:2–5
Unit I–II, A7:3–4; A8:6–7
Unit II, A3:5–7; A4:4–5; A5:3–4; A6:4–5; A9:5; A10:5–7; A11:5
Unit III, A3:7–8; A4:5–7; A6:5–7; A7:4–6; A8:7–8; A9:5–7; A10:7–9; A11:5–7
Unit IV, A4:7–8
Unit V, A4:9–10
lithology
gas hydrates, A1:45; B1:8–9
lithologic Unit V, A4:103
summary, A1:60; A3:45–47; A4:36–40; A5:22; A6:29–30; A7:26; A8:37; A9:32–33; A10:40–43; A11:23–24
vs. depth, A4:36–40; A5:22; A6:29–30; A7:26; A8:37; A9:32–33; A10:40–43; A11:23–24
lithostratigraphy
Site 1244, A3:4–10
Site 1245, A4:3–11
Site 1246, A5:2–5
Site 1247, A6:2–8
Site 1248, A7:2–7
Site 1249, A8:5–9
Site 1250, A9:3–8
Site 1251, A10:3–11
Site 1252, A11:2–9
summary, A3:45–47
load structures, environment, A7:7
logging-while-drilling
comparison with wireline logging, A3:36; A4:29; A6:21–22; A9:25–26; A10:33–34
density, A1:61
gamma density, A1:61
log interpretation, A7:19–20
magnetic susceptibility, A1:61
porosity logs, A3:99
quality control, A8:29–30; A9:23–24; A10:30–31
quality control logs, A3:89
resistivity, A1:61
seismic data, A1:61
stress orientation, B4:1–14
summary, A3:90; A5:16; B27:2–3
tools, B4:9; B27:12–13
loss on ignition, sediments, B12:6

M

magnesium
pore water, A6:11; A8:13
vs. depth, A3:60; A4:62, 66; A5:29; A6:40; A7:37; A8:49; A9:47; A10:53
magnesium/calcium ratio, vs. depth, B16:14–18
magnesium carbonate
authigenic carbonates, B5:2–3
vs. depth, B5:5
magnetic intensity, vs. temperature, B18:12
magnetic susceptibility
across seismic Horizon A, A4:79
anomaly photograph, A9:60
comparison of loop sensor and point sensor, A10:72
correlation with seismic data, A4:78; A5:42
logging-while-drilling, A1:61
sediments, A3:27; A4:21; A5:12; A6:16; A7:17; A8:18; A9:18; A10:22–23; A11:15
seismic Horizon B, B1:33
seismic Horizon Y, A9:61
turbidite, A9:61
vs. depth, A3:77; A4:51, 77; A5:41, 43–44; A6:35, 52–53; A7:51–52; A8:59–60; A9:43, 57–58; A10:44, 58, 71; A11:44–45; B8:17–19, 21; B11:13–15
magnetic susceptibility Event 1, sedimentology and physical properties, A5:43
magnetic susceptibility Event 2, sedimentology and physical properties, A5:44
magnetite, demagnetization, B18:5–6
major elements, pore water, A3:17–19; A4:14–15; A5:8; A6:11–12; A7:11–12; A8:13; A9:11–12; A10:15–16
manganese
pore water, A6:11
sediments, A3:18
vs. depth, A3:60; A4:62; A5:29; A6:40; A7:37; A8:49; A9:47; A10:53
mean stress, vs. shear stress, B12:50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66
mean stress, normalized, vs. normalized shear stress, B12:49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
mechanical properties, sediment cores, B1:13–14
medium resistivity logs, vs. depth, A4:90; A6:62; A10:83; A11:48, 51
metal reducers, enrichment, A3:23
methane
acetogenesis, B17:6
advection, A7:11
alkalinity, B15:14–16
carbon cycling, A7:10–11
carbon isotopes, B15:5; B20:3
concentration in headspace gases, A3:112; A6:59
concentration in sediments, A3:87
converted to microliters per liter, A3:115–116
core void gas, A4:112–113; A5:58; A6:74; A7:68; A8:53, 86; A9:51, 84–85; A10:61, 102–103; A11:40, 57
core void gas vs. depth, A3:113–114; A5:35; A6:46
decomposed gas hydrates, A4:114; A5:59; A6:75; A7:69; A8:97; A9:86
deuterium in void gas, B15:46
dissolved in pore fluids, A4:14; A10:60; A11:39
distributed low flux, B1:6–7
fluoride, B16:1–22
gas composition and carbon isotopes, B1:29
gas hydrates, A3:16–17; A5:8
hydrogen isotopes, B15:5
microbial generation, B15:1–52
modeled concentration vs. depth, B1:29
pore water, A6:10–11; A10:14; A11:12; B17:20
pressure cores, A1:67; A4:115; A6:76; A8:88–89; A9:87; A10:104–105
sediments, A3:19–20; A4:16–17, 110–111; A5:8–9, 57; A6:12–13, 73; A7:12–13, 67; A8:14–15, 67, 85; A9:12–13, 83; A10:16–17, 100–101; A11:13, 56
sources, A1:9–10
subduction zones, B1:4–5
transport-dominated regime, B1:7–8
velocity logs, B22:10–11
vs. depth, A1:69; A3:66, 68, 71; A4:65, 68–70, 87; A5:33–34; A6:42, 44–48; A7:41–45; A8:52; A9:50–53, 66; A10:56, 59–62, 80; A11:37–41; B1:35–36; B15:36
See also anaerobic methane oxidation; sulfate/methane interface
methane, dissolved residual, vs. depth, A6:45
methane/ethane ratio
core void gas, A4:112–113; A5:58; A8:86; A9:84–85; A10:102–103; A11:13, 57
decomposed gas hydrates, A4:114; A5:59; A8:97; A9:86
ethane fractionation, B15:17–19
ethane generation mechanism, B15:16–17
gas hydrate proxies, B1:12
gas hydrates, A1:42–43; A5:10; A7:14; A9:13–14
gas transport, B15:4–5
geothermal gradient, B15:38
pressure cores, A4:115; A6:76; A8:88–89; A9:87; A10:104–105
sediments, A3:19–20; A4:16–17, 110–111; A5:8–9, 57; A6:12–13, 73; A7:12; A8:14–15, 85; A9:13, 83; A10:17, 100–101; A11:56
seismic Horizon A, B1:31
void gas samples, B15:39–40
vs. carbon isotopes, B15:28
vs. depth, A1:66; A3:69; A4:71; A5:36; A6:47; A7:44–45; A8:54; A9:52; A10:62; A11:41; B15:26
vs. temperature, A3:70; A4:72; A6:48; A8:55
methane/seawater/hydrate stability zone, thermal anomalies, A7:16
methane bubbles, seafloor observations, A1:5
methane production rate
assumptions, B1:29
parameters, B15:52
vs. depth, B15:37
methanogenesis, anaerobic environment, A3:22; A4:18
methanogenesis, microbial, alkalinity, B15:14–16
mica. See also muscovite
mica, detrital
sediments, B11:17–19
vs. depth, B11:13–16
micrite, lithologic units, A10:8–9
microbial generation, methane, B15:1–52
microbial metabolites, reaction-dominated gas hydrates, B15:9–19
microbial processes, organic matter decomposition, A3:17
microbiology
core quality of intervals sampled, A3:122; A8:91; A9:91; A10:19, 109
Hydrate Ridge S, B1:16–18
intervals sampled, A3:121; A4:118; A8:90; A9:90; A10:108
sampling, A9:15
Site 1244, A3:21–24
Site 1245, A4:18–19
Site 1249, A8:15–17
Site 1250, A9:14–16
Site 1251, A10:18–19
microorganisms
gas hydrates, A1:10–11
iron, A3:22
mineral composition, authigenic carbonates, B5:7–8
mineralogy, bulk, sediments, B11:1–19
minor elements, pore water, A3:17–19; A4:14–15; A5:8; A6:11–12; A7:11–12; A8:13; A9:11–12; A10:15–16
monopole sonic waveforms, vs. depth, A4:93; A6:65; A9:71; A10:86; A11:50; B24:23–32, 35–37
mottling
lithologic units, A7:3–6; A8:7–8; A9:4; A10:5
photograph, A8:38
mousselike texture
lithologic units, A4:6; A5:4; A7:3–6; A8:6–8
photograph, A3:57; A4:48; A7:28–29; A8:41–42, 46, 62; A9:44; A11:33
sedimentary evidence of gas hydrates, A3:8–9
thermal anomalies, A7:48
vs. depth, A8:40
mud, clay mineralogy, B7:1–15
mudstone, clay mineralogy, B7:1–15
muscovite, lithologic units, A3:6–8; A4:9; A10:8

N

n-butane
core void gas, A6:74; A7:68; A8:53, 86; A9:51, 84–85; A11:57
core void gas vs. depth, A6:46
decomposed gas hydrates, A5:59; A6:75; A7:69; A8:97; A9:86
pressure cores, A6:76; A8:88–89; A9:87
vs. depth, A7:42–43
n-hexane
core void gas, A6:74; A7:68
core void gas vs. depth, A6:46
pressure cores, A9:87; A10:104–105
n-pentane
core void gas, A5:58; A6:74; A7:68; A8:51; A9:84–85
core void gas vs. depth, A6:46
decomposed gas hydrates, A9:86
pressure cores, A6:76; A9:87; A10:104–105
nannofossil bioevents, chart, A4:59; A7:34
nannofossils
environment, A10:10–11
lithologic units, A3:5–8; A4:5–11; A5:3–4; A6:3–8; A8:6–8; A9:6–7; A10:6–7; A11:3–5
nannofossils, calcareous, biostratigraphy, A3:11–13; A4:12; A5:6; A6:8–9; A7:8; A8:10; A9:9–10; A10:11–12; A11:10
neutron porosity from core logs, vs. depth, A4:90
neutron porosity logs
logging-while-drilling, A3:38–39, 90–93, 99; A6:64; A9:70, 74; A10:85
vs. depth, A4:90; A5:52; A6:62, 67; A7:59; A8:73; A9:68, 70, 74; A10:83, 88; A11:48, 51
neutron porosity wireline logs, vs. depth, A4:92; A6:64; A9:70; A10:85
New Jersey Slope, methane/ethane ratio, B15:38
nitrogen
core void gas, A4:112–113; A5:58; A6:74; A7:14, 68; A8:86; A9:84–85; A10:102–103; A11:57
decomposed gas hydrates, A4:114; A5:59; A6:75; A7:69; A8:97; A9:86
pressure cores, A4:115; A6:76; A8:88–89; A9:87; A10:104–105
See also carbon/nitrogen ratio
nitrogen, total
sediments, A3:21, 119; A4:17, 116; A5:10, 60; A6:14, 77; A7:70; A9:14, 88; A10:18, 106
vs. depth, A3:72; A4:73; A5:37; A6:49; A7:46; A9:53; A10:63
nodular texture, infrared imagery, A8:56
nodules, thermal anomalies, A7:47
nodules, carbonate
lithologic units, A4:5; A7:3–8; A10:8–9
photograph, A3:48; A4:43; A7:29; A10:49
photomicrograph, A7:30
thermal anomalies, A7:15
nodules, gas hydrates, computed tomographic analysis, B21:3, 9
nodules, gypsum, lithologic units, A3:8
nodules, pyrrhotite, lithologic units, A3:6; A10:7
nuclear magnetic resonance logs, gas hydrates, B27:1–22
nuclear magnetic resonance porosity
Hydrate Ridge, B27:7
vs. depth, A4:97; A5:52; A6:67; A7:59; A8:73; A9:74; A10:88
nuclear magnetic resonance tool, logging-while-drilling, A3:99

O

O layers, grain size and gas hydrates, B10:4
obliquity, sediments, B12:9
offlap, thrust folding, B2:19
offset planes, photograph, A8:45
onlap
tectonics, B2:9–10
thrust folding, B2:19
opal, biogenic
apparent overconsolidation, B8:9
lithologic units, A4:7; A7:5–6; A9:4–7
vs. depth, A3:45–47; A4:36–40, 42; A5:22; A6:29–30; A7:26; A8:37; A9:32–33, 38; A10:40–43; A11:23–24, 26
Oregon continental margin, summary, A1:1–75
organic debris, lithologic units, A3:4–8
organic matter
data, B12:71
decomposition, A3:17; A10:14–15
oxidation, B19:6
overburden, repressurized sediments, B26:6
overconsolidation, apparent, overburden pressure, B8:8–9
oxidation
organic matter, B19:6
See also anaerobic methane oxidation
oxygen
core void gas, A4:112–113; A5:58; A6:74; A7:68; A8:86; A9:84–85; A10:102–103; A11:57
decomposed gas hydrates, A4:114; A5:59; A6:75; A7:69; A8:97; A9:86
pressure cores, A4:115; A6:76; A8:88–89; A9:87; A10:104–105
oxygen isotopes
depletion, B13:6–8
pore water, B13:3–4
vs. depth, B13:15, 17

P

"peachy orange slime," fluorescence micrograph, A10:19, 64
Pearson correlation, gas hydrate correlation with sediment grain size, B10:4–6, 25–29
pebbles, lithologic units, A10:5
pentane
core void gas, A4:112–113
decomposed gas hydrates, A4:114
pressure cores, A4:115
vs. depth, A4:70
See also iso-pentane; n-pentane
perfluorocarbon tracers
bacteria, A3:23; A4:19; A8:16–17; A10:19
microbiology, A4:119
permeability, gas hydrates, A1:45–46
Peru Trench, fluoride, B16:5–6
phosphate
organic matter decomposition, A3:17; A10:14–15
vs. depth, A3:59; A4:61; A5:28; A6:39; A7:36; A8:48; A9:46; A10:52; A11:35; B16:20
photoelectric effect factor, logging-while-drilling, A1:90–93; A4:92; A6:64; A9:70; A10:85
photoelectric effect factor logs, vs. depth, A4:89; A5:51, 53; A6:61–62; A7:58; A8:72; A9:72; A10:82–83; A11:48, 51
photoelectric effect factor wireline logs, vs. depth, A3:93; A4:92; A6:64; A9:70; A10:85
physical properties
correlation, B8:7
correlation with seismic data, A4:78; A5:42
gas hydrate dissociation, A7:17–18; A8:19–20
near-surface sediments, B8:1–29
repressurized sediments, B26:1–19
seismic data, A8:60; A9:34, 58; A10:71; A11:45
seismic Horizon A, A9:18–19
seismic Horizon B, B1:33
seismic profiles, A10:44
Site 1244, A3:24–28
Site 1245, A4:19–22
Site 1246, A5:10–14
Site 1247, A6:14–17
Site 1248, A7:14–18
Site 1249, A8:17–20
Site 1250, A9:16–19
Site 1251, A10:19–25
Site 1252, A11:14–16
thermal anomalies, A6:53
tools, B26:12–14
plasticity index
sediments, B12:7–8
vs. liquid limit, B12:19
Pleistocene
biostratigraphy, A4:12; A6:8–9
lithologic units, A5:3–5
tectonics, B2:9–11
See also Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary
Pleistocene, lower
biostratigraphy, A8:10; A9:9–10
clay mineralogy, B7:1–15
deformation age constraints, B3:4–5
lithologic units, A3:7–8; A4:7–10; A8:6–7; A10:7–9; A11:6–7
Pleistocene, lower–middle, lithologic units, A3:5–7; A4:5–7; A6:5–7; A7:4–6; A9:5–7; A10:5–7; A11:5
Pleistocene, middle
diatom biostratigraphy, B6:2–3
lithologic units, A4:5; A6:4–5; A7:3–4; A8:7–8; A9:4; A10:4–5; A11:2–5
Pleistocene, middle–upper, lithologic units, A3:4–5; A6:3–4; A9:5
Pleistocene, upper, lithologic units, A4:4
Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, photograph, A11:27
Pliocene, biostratigraphy, A3:10–13
Pliocene, lower, nannofossils, A3:13
Pliocene, upper
biostratigraphy, A10:11
clay mineralogy, B7:1–15
deformation age constraints, B3:4–5
lithologic units, A3:7–8; A10:7–9; A11:6–7
tectonics, B2:9–11
Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary
biostratigraphy, A10:12; A11:11
nannofossils, A3:12–13
Poisson's ratio, velocity logs, B22:7
pore pressure, excess, vs. vertical consolidation stress, B12:31–47
pore pressure, normalized, vs. axial strain, B12:49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
pore pressure change, vs. axial strain, B26:17
pore water
acetate and hydrogen, B17:1–20
carbon isotopes, B20:1–16
compaction, B15:10–11
fluoride, B16:1–22
geochemistry, A3:13–19, 108–110; A4:13–15, 106–108; A5:7–8, 56; A6:9–12, 72; A7:9–12, 66; A8:11–13, 83; A9:10–12, 81–82; A10:13–16, 97–99; A11:11–12, 55
halogens, B14:1–25
hydrogen sulfide, B19:1–13
isotopes, B13:1–20; B15:7
pore water saturation, vs. depth, A4:76; A5:39; A6:51, 53; A7:49, 60; A9:75; A10:89
porosity
across seismic Horizon A, A4:79
advanced piston corer, A4:86
comparison of logging-while-drilling density and NMR–MRP, A4:97
correlation, B8:7
correlation with seismic data, A5:42
sediments, A3:26–27
vs. depth, A3:77; A4:77; A5:41; A6:52; A7:52; A8:59–60; A9:56; A10:70–71; A11:44–45; B8:17–21; B10:11–18; B15:32; B22:17; B27:15–16
vs. formation factor, B8:16
vs. shear strength, B8:22
vs. velocity, B8:22
well-logging, A4:31; A5:17–18; A6:23–24; A7:21–22; A8:31–32; A9:27–28; A10:35–36; A11:20
porosity, abnormally high, near-surface sediments, B8:9–10
porosity, downcore, vs. depth, B8:26
porosity, surface, decay constants, B8:29
porosity from core logs, vs. depth, A5:52; A6:62, 64, 67; A7:59; A8:73; A9:70, 74; A10:83, 85, 88; A11:48, 51
porosity logs
logging-while-drilling, A4:92; B22:6–7
See also neutron porosity from core logs; neutron porosity logs; neutron porosity wireline logs; nuclear magnetic resonance porosity
potassium
pore water, A8:13
vs. depth, A3:60; A4:62; A5:29; A6:40; A7:37; A8:49; A9:47; A10:53
potassium logs
logging-while-drilling, A3:92
vs. depth, A4:91; A6:63; A9:69; A10:84; A11:40
preconsolidation pressure, sediments, B12:8
pressure
core pullout, B23:9
vs. temperature, B26:11
vs. time, B23:29–30
See also temperature-pressure-conductivity tool; volume-pressure-time plots
pressure, in situ
estimation, A10:26
sediments, A3:30; A8:21
vs. time, A9:19, 63
pressure, overburden
apparent overconsolidation, B8:8–9
vs. depth, B8:25
See also shear strength/overburden pressure ratio
pressure, seafloor, MATLAB m-file, B23:14
pressure-temperature conditions, identification, A3:83
pressure cores
gas hydrate proxies, B1:10–11
gas hydrates, A3:20, 30–32; A4:17, 23–24; A6:13–14, 18–19; A8:15, 21–23; A9:13–14, 19–21; A10:17
HYACINTH, A3:32–33, 131; A4:24–25, 130; A8:23, 97; A9:21–22, 99; A10:27–30, 118
Site 1245, A4:22–26
Site 1246, A5:14–15
Site 1249, A8:20–28
Site 1250, A9:19–22
Site 1251, A10:25–30
Site 1252, A11:16–17
pressurization, physical property tools, B26:12–14
propane
core void gas, A4:112–113; A5:58; A6:74; A7:68; A8:53, 86; A9:12–13, 51, 84–85; A10:61, 102–103; A11:40, 57
core void gas vs. depth, A3:113–114; A5:35; A6:46
decomposed gas hydrates, A4:114; A5:59; A6:75; A7:69; A8:14, 97; A9:86
gas hydrates, A7:14
pore fluids, A3:112
pressure cores, A4:115; A6:76; A8:88–89; A9:87; A10:104–105
sediments, A3:19–20; A4:16–17, 110–111; A5:8–9, 57; A6:12, 73; A7:13, 67; A8:85; A9:83; A10:16, 100–101; A11:56
vs. depth, A3:68; A4:68, 70; A5:33; A6:44, 46; A7:41–43; A8:52; A9:50–51; A10:61; A11:38, 40
propylene, sediments, A11:56
proxies. See gas hydrate proxies
pyrrhotite
demagnetization, B18:5–6
environment, A10:10–11
lithologic units, A4:9

Q

quartz
lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:5–11; A6:3–8; A7:5–6; A10:8–9; A11:5–7
photomicrograph, A7:30
sediments, B11:8, 17–19
X-ray diffraction data, A6:34; A9:37; A10:50
Quaternary, biostratigraphy, A3:10–13; A4:11–13; A5:6–7; A7:8–9; A10:11–12; A11:10

R

radiography logs, sediment consolidation, B12:18, 141–148
radiolarians, lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:5–11; A11:4–7
rate of penetration, vs. depth, A4:88; A5:50; A6:60; A10:81
recompression index, sediments, B12:7–8
reconstruction, cross sections, B2:28
Red Sea, methane/ethane ratio, B15:38
redox, microbial metabolites, B15:9–10
reflectance
lithologic units, A4:7; A9:7
vs. depth, A4:51; A9:43
reflection coefficients, downcore impedance, B8:8, 27
reflector AC, vs. chloride, A3:61
remanent magnetization, anhysteretic, vs. isothermal remanent magnetization, B18:12
remanent magnetization, isothermal
iron sulfides, B18:5–7
vs. anhysteretic remanent magnetization, B18:12
resistance, conversion of temperature data, B23:32
resistivity
gas hydrate dissociation, A7:54
gas hydrates, A1:64
logging-while-drilling, A3:61, 63, 90–93; A4:41, 92; A6:64; A9:70; A10:85
repressurized sediments, B26:6–7
volcanic ash, A3:96
vs. consolidation stress, B26:16
vs. density porosity logs, B22:20
vs. depth, A3:68; A4:81; A9:34; A10:44; B8:17–19, 21
See also deep resistivity logs; medium resistivity logs; shallow resistivity logs; spherically focused resistivity logs
resistivity, logging-while-drilling
thermal anomalies, A7:50
vs. depth, A6:31
resistivity, noncontact
sediments, A4:21; A5:12–13; A10:23
tool calibration, B8:14
vs. depth, A3:81; A4:80; A5:45–46; A7:53; A10:73
resistivity, time-after-bit ring, vs. depth, A4:88; A5:50; A6:60; A7:57; A8:71; A9:67; A10:81
resistivity-at-the-bit
borehole breakouts, A3:37–38, 98; A10:87
coring test summary, A8:98
gas hydrates, A8:75
imaging and gas hydrates, A4:94; A7:21, 61
photograph, A3:95–97
seismic Horizon A, A3:68; A4:95
seismic profiles, A6:31
turbidite, A4:96
vs. depth, A5:51–53; A7:27
well-logging units, A4:30–31
resistivity-at-the-bit images
Formation MicroScanner imagery, A6:23; A9:27; A10:35
stress orientation, B4:1–14
vs. depth, A4:89; A6:61, 66–68; A7:59–61; A8:31, 72–75; A9:72–75; A10:82–89; B1:34–36
resistivity wireline logs, vs. depth, A3:93; A4:92; A6:64; A9:70; A10:85
ring resistivity logs, vs. depth, A4:89; A5:23, 53; A6:61, 68; A7:58, 60; A8:72, 74; A9:72, 75; A10:82–83, 89
Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, sediments, A3:21, 120; A4:18, 117; A5:10, 61; A6:78; A7:14, 71; A9:14, 89; A10:18, 107
rock magnetism
iron sulfides, B18:1–33
vs. depth, B18:13

S

sand
grain size and gas hydrates, B10:4
lithologic units, A3:6–8; A4:5–11; A5:3–4; A6:4–8; A7:4–6; A9:5–7; A10:4–9; A11:3–7
photograph, A3:50; A9:59
vs. depth, A3:45–47; A4:36–40, 42, 51; A5:22; A6:29–30; A7:26; A8:37; A9:32–33, 35; A10:40–43; A11:23–24, 26; B10:10–18; B11:13–15
sand, glauconite, photograph, A3:59; A11:31
sand, glauconite-rich, lithologic units, A11:6–7
sand, silty, lithologic units, A8:7–8
sand, volcanic glass-rich, photograph, A4:50
seafloor observations, carbonate pavement, A1:4–6
seamounts, gas hydrate stability zone, B2:12–13
seawater. See methane/seawater/hydrate stability zone
sediment/water interface, compaction, B15:10–11
sediment cores
hydrologic properties, B1:13–14
mechanical properties, B1:13–14
sediment disruption, photograph, A3:57; A8:41, 51
sedimentary structures, lithologic units, A4:5–10
sedimentation rates
biostratigraphy, A4:13
deposition, A5:5
environment, A9:8
hemipelagic clay, A8:9
sedimentation rates, linear, biostratigraphy, A3:13; A5:7; A6:9; A7:9; A8:10–11; A9:10; A10:12–13; A11:11
sediments
average gas hydrate content, B1:38
clay mineralogy, B7:1–15
consolidation, B12:1–148
fluoride, B16:1–22
granulometry and gas hydrates, B10:1–30
stress orientation, B4:1–14
sediments, abyssal plain, seismic units, B2:6
sediments, high-density, photograph, A9:59
sediments, near-surface, physical properties, B8:1–29
sediments, repressurized, physical properties, B26:1–19
sediments, slope basin, seismic units, B2:6–7
sediments, volcanic glass-rich, photograph, A4:50; A5:25; A7:33; A9:41
seismic data
chloride, A11:36
correlation with physical properties, A4:78; A5:42
debris flows, A3:58
gas hydrate proxies, B1:13
logging-while-drilling, A3:61
physical properties, A8:60; A9:34, 58; A10:71; A11:45
reflectivity, A3:57
seismic Horizon A, A3:56–57
thermal anomalies, A6:53
seismic data, three-dimensional
accretionary complex, A1:55; B11:12
stratigraphy, B2:2–3
seismic data, two-dimensional, stratigraphy, B2:4, 21–23
seismic experiments, near-offset vertical, seismic profiles, B25:1–23
seismic Horizon A
amplitude, B1:30
clay mineralogy, B11:7
deposition, A4:10–11
environment, A6:7–8
Formation MicroScanner imagery, A4:95
Hydrate Ridge, B1:32
in situ bulk density, B1:31
lithium, A4:67; A6:12, 43; A9:12
lithologic units, A9:5–7
map, B2:24
photograph, A7:33; A9:41
physical properties, A4:79; A9:18–19
resistivity-at-the-bit, A1:68; A4:95
seismic data, A1:56–57
seismic profiles, A6:28
seismic reflection, A4:41
seismic surveys, A1:7–8
tectonics, B2:9–11
transport-dominated regime, B1:7–8
volcanic glass-rich sediments and ash sequences, A4:51
seismic Horizon A´
map, B2:24
tectonics, B2:9–11
seismic Horizon B
deposition, A5:5
gas hydrates, B1:9
Hydrate Ridge, B1:33
lithium, A5:31
lithologic units, A5:4
physical properties, B1:33
seismic surveys, A1:8
seismic units, B2:6
time map, B2:27
seismic Horizon B´
bulk density, B25:17
deposition, A5:5
photograph, A3:51
seismic surveys, A1:8
seismic units, B2:6
X-ray diffraction data, A3:53
seismic Horizon Y
angular unconformity, A6:7–8
lithologic units, A4:5; A7:4–6; A8:7–8; A9:5–7
magnetic susceptibility, A9:61
photograph, A9:39
seismic data, A3:10
seismic reflection, A4:41
seismic horizons, depth, A1:71
Seismic Profile OR89-Line 2, B1:28
seismic profiles
Hydrate Ridge S, B1:27–28; B7:10; B9:15; B10:10
physical properties, A10:44
Site 1244, B4:11
Site 1245, A4:41; B4:11
Site 1246, A5:23
Site 1247, A6:28, 31
Site 1248, A7:27
Site 1250, A9:34
Site 1251, A10:44–45
Site 1252, A11:25
tectonics, A1:52
seismic profiles, vertical
reflection vs. depth, B25:14, 18, 20
spectra, B25:13
surveys, B24:4
two-way traveltime vs. depth, B25:15, 19, 21
velocity functions, B25:16
seismic sequence stratigraphy, tectonic evolution, B2:1–29
seismic surveys, gas hydrates, A1:4–6
seismic surveys, high-resolution three-dimensional, gas hydrates, A1:7–9
seismic Unit S.II, seismic units, B2:8
seismic Unit S.IV, seismic units, B2:6
seismic Unit S.V, seismic units, B2:6
seismic Unit S.VII, seismic units, B2:6
seismic units
isopach maps, B2:26
stratigraphy, B2:4–7, 20
seismograms, synthetic
gas hydrates, B24:24, 26–27, 29, 31–32, 34, 36–37
reflection coefficients, B24:4
shallow resistivity logs, vs. depth, A4:90; A6:62; A10:83; A11:48, 51
shape, gas hydrates, B21:1–11
shear strength
correlation, B8:7
repressurized sediments, B26:7
sediments, A3:28, 128; A4:22, 126–127; A5:66; A10:24, 115; B12:1–148
vs. density, B8:22
vs. depth, A3:77, 81; A4:77, 81; A5:14, 41; A10:70; B8:17–19
vs. porosity, B8:22
vs. velocity, B8:23
See also undrained modulus, normalized
shear strength, triaxial
data, B26:19
sediments, B12:8–10
shear strength, undrained, sediments, B12:104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124
shear strength/overburden pressure ratio, vs. depth, B8:25
shear stress, vs. mean stress, B12:50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66
shear stress, effective, vs. axial strain, B26:17
shear stress, normalized
vs. axial strain, B12:49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
vs. normalized mean stress, B12:6, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65
shear wave velocity
seismic Horizon A, B1:32
velocity logs, B22:12–13
shear wave velocity logs, vs. depth, A11:48
shelf environment, deposition, A4:10–11
siderite, X-ray diffraction data, A10:50
sidescan sonar imagery, deep-towed, Hydrate Ridge, B3:16
Siletz terrain, accretionary prisms, B14:5
siliceous microfossils, lithologic units, A7:3–4
silicoflagellates, lithologic units, A3:4–8
silt
clay mineralogy, B11:1–19
gas hydrates, B10:4–6
lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:4–11; A5:3–4; A6:4–8; A7:4–6; A9:5–7
vs. depth, A3:45–47; A4:36–40, 42, 51; A5:22; A6:29–30; A7:26; A8:37; A9:32–33, 35; A10:40–43; A11:23–24, 26; B10:11–18; B11:13–15
silt, clayey, lithologic units, A3:7–8
silt, sandy, lithologic units, A7:5–6
silt, volcanic glass-rich, X-ray diffraction data, A3:53
silt layers, inclined, photograph, A8:39
Site 229, methane/ethane ratio, B15:38
Site 860, fluoride, B16:7
Site 861, fluoride, B16:7
Site 888
chloride vs. depth, A10:55
lithium/chloride ratio, A3:62
Site 889, chloride vs. depth, A10:55
Site 890, chloride vs. depth, A10:55
Site 994, sulfate, methane, alkalinity, magnesium, and calcium, B16:13
Site 1019, methane/ethane ratio in void gas samples, B15:40
Site 1038, methane/ethane ratio, B15:38
Site 1073, methane/ethane ratio, B15:38
Site 1244, A3:1–132
acetate and hydrogen, B17:10
acoustic logs, B24:11–12, 30–32
bioevents, A3:107
biostratigraphy, A3:10–13
carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon, B20:8
consolidation and sediment strength, B12:1–148
coring summary, A3:102–104
downhole logging, A3:34–40
downhole measurements, A3:29–33
gas hydrate presence, A3:105–106
interstitial water geochemistry, A3:13–19
lithostratigraphy, A3:4–10
microbiology, A3:21–24
near-offset vertical seismic profiles, B25:4–5
operations, A3:2–4
operations summary, A1:15
organic geochemistry, A3:19–21
physical properties, A3:24–28; B8:5–6
principal scientific results, A1:15–18
rock magnetism, B18:13, 22
site description, A3:1–132
site summary, A1:14–18
Site 1245, A4:1–131
acetate and hydrogen, B17:11
acoustic logs, B24:8–9, 23–24
age vs. iodine-129/iodine ratio, B14:22
biostratigraphy, A4:11–13
carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon, B20:9
coring summary, A4:100–102
downhole logging, A4:26–33
downhole measurements, A4:22–26
interstitial water geochemistry, A4:13–15
lithostratigraphy, A4:3–11
microbiology, A4:18–19
operations, A4:2–3
operations summary, A1:19
organic geochemistry, A4:15–18
physical properties, A4:19–22; B8:6
pressure cores, A4:22–26
principal scientific results, A1:19–21
rock magnetism, B18:14, 23–24
site description, A4:1–131
site summary, A1:18–21
Site 1246, A5:1–67
acetate and hydrogen, B17:12
biostratigraphy, A5:5–7
carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon, B20:10
coring summary, A5:54
downhole logging, A5:15–19
downhole measurements, A5:14–15
interstitial water geochemistry, A5:7–8
lithostratigraphy, A5:2–5
operations, A5:2
operations summary, A1:22
organic geochemistry, A5:8–10
physical properties, A5:10–14; B8:6
pressure cores, A5:14–15
principal scientific results, A1:22–24
rock magnetism, B18:15, 25
seismic Horizon B, B1:33
site description, A5:1–67
site summary, A1:21–24
Site 1247, A6:1–84
acoustic logs, B24:9–10, 25–27
biostratigraphy, A6:8–9
carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon, B20:11
coring summary, A6:70
downhole logging, A6:19–25
downhole measurements, A6:17–19
interstitial water geochemistry, A6:9–12
lithostratigraphy, A6:2–8
near-offset vertical seismic profiles, B25:5–6
operations, A6:2
operations summary, A1:25
organic geochemistry, A6:12–14
physical properties, A6:14–17; B8:6–7
principal scientific results, A1:25–27
rock magnetism, B18:16, 26
site description, A6:1–84
site summary, A1:25–27
Site 1248, A7:1–75
biostratigraphy, A7:7–9
carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon, B20:12
coring summary, A7:62–63
downhole logging, A7:19–23
downhole measurements, A7:18–19
interstitial water geochemistry, A7:9–12
lithostratigraphy, A7:2–7
operations, A7:2
operations summary, A1:28
organic geochemistry, A7:12–14
physical properties, A7:14–18; B8:6–7
principal scientific results, A1:28–30
rock magnetism, B18:17, 27
site description, A7:1–75
site summary, A1:27–30
Site 1249, A8:1–98
acetate and hydrogen, B17:13
biostratigraphy, A8:9–11
carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon, B20:13
coring summary, A8:76–80
depth of penetration, A8:81
downhole logging, A8:29–33
downhole measurements and pressure coring, A8:20–28
interstitial water geochemistry, A8:11–13
lithostratigraphy, A8:5–9
microbiology, A8:15–17
operations, A8:2–5
operations summary, A1:30–31
organic geochemistry, A8:14–15
physical properties, A8:17–20
principal scientific results, A1:31–33
rock magnetism, B18:18, 28
site description, A8:1–98
site summary, A1:30–33
Site 1250, A9:1–100
acetate and hydrogen, B17:14
acoustic logs, B24:10–11, 28–29
biostratigraphy, A9:9–10
carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon, B20:14
coring summary, A9:77–79
downhole logging, A9:22–29
downhole measurements and pressure coring, A9:19–22
interstitial water geochemistry, A9:10–12
lithostratigraphy, A9:3–8
microbiology, A9:14–16
near-offset vertical seismic profiles, B25:6–7
operations, A9:2–3
operations summary, A1:33–34
organic geochemistry, A9:12–14
physical properties, A9:16–19
principal scientific results, A1:34–36
rock magnetism, B18:19, 29
seismic Horizon A, B1:32
site description, A9:1–100
site summary, A1:33–36
Site 1251, A10:1–119
acetate and hydrogen, B17:15
acoustic logs, B24:13–14, 35–36
biostratigraphy, A10:11–13
carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon, B20:15
coring summary, A10:91–94
diatom biostratigraphy, B6:2–3, 6–7
downhole logging, A10:30–37
downhole measurements and pressure coring, A10:25–30
gas hydrate lateral variability, B1:34
interstitial water geochemistry, A10:13–16
lithostratigraphy, A10:3–11
microbiology, A10:18–19
operations, A10:2–3
operations summary, A1:36–37
organic geochemistry, A10:16–18
physical properties, A10:19–25
principal scientific results, A1:37–40
rock magnetism, B18:20, 30–31
site description, A10:1–119
site summary, A1:36–40
Site 1252, A11:1–62
acetate and hydrogen, B17:16
acoustic logs, B24:12–13, 33–34
biostratigraphy, A11:9–11
carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon, B20:16
coring summary, A11:53
diatom biostratigraphy, B6:3, 8–10
downhole logging, A11:17–20
downhole measurements and pressure coring, A11:16–17
interstitial water geochemistry, A11:11–12
lithostratigraphy, A11:2–9
operations, A11:2
operations summary, A1:40
organic geochemistry, A11:12–14
physical properties, A11:14–16; B8:7
principal scientific results, A1:40–42
rock magnetism, B18:21, 32–33
site description, A11:1–62
site summary, A1:40–42
skewness, vs. depth, B11:13–15
slope basin deposits, clay mineralogy, B7:5
slope stability, gas hydrates, A1:10
slumping, lithologic units, A3:9–10
smectite
dehydration, B13:7–8
sediments, B7:4–5; B11:4–8
vs. depth, B7:12–14; B11:13–16
sodium
pore water, A8:13
vs. depth, A3:60; A4:62; A5:29; A6:40; A7:37; A8:49; A9:47; A10:53
soft sediment deformation
environment, A7:7
lithologic units, A4:6; A9:6–7; A11:4–7
sonic logs. See acoustic logs
soupy texture
lithologic units, A7:3–6; A8:6–8
photograph, A7:28
vs. depth, A8:40
spherically focused resistivity logs, vs. depth, A3:94; A4:93; A9:71; A10:86; A11:50
sponge spicules, lithologic units, A3:4–8; A4:5–11; A11:4
strain, vs. vertical consolidation stress, B12:48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66
strain, axial
vs. effective shear stress, B26:17
vs. internal friction angle, B12:49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
vs. normalized pore pressure, B12:49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
vs. normalized shear stress, B12:49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
vs. normalized undrained modulus, B12:49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
vs. pore pressure change, B26:17
strain, vertical, vs. vertical consolidation stress, B12:31–48
stratigraphic controls, gas hydrates, A1:9
stress
orientation, B4:1–14
seismic Horizon A, B1:32
stress, consolidation
vs. compressional wave velocity, B26:15
vs. resistivity, B26:16
stress, effective, vs. depth, B1:32
stress, maximum horizontal, sediments, B4:13
stress, vertical consolidation
vs. coefficient of consolidation, B12:31–47
vs. excess pore pressure, B12:31–47
vs. lateral stress ratio, B12:48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66
vs. strain, B12:48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66
vs. total work, B12:31–48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66
vs. vertical strain, B12:31–48
vs. void ratio, B12:31–48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66
stress ratio, lateral, vs. vertical consolidation stress, B12:48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66
strontium
pore water, A4:15; A6:11; A7:11; A8:13; A10:15
pore water comparison of Sites 1244 and 1248, A7:40
sediments, A3:18
vs. depth, A3:60; A4:62, 66; A5:29; A6:40; A7:37, 40; A8:49; A9:47; A10:53
structural controls, gas hydrates, A1:9
structural style, landward vergent, dewatering, B3:1–8
structural style, seaward vergent, dewatering, B3:1–8
structural vergence, variation summary, B3:15
structural Zone I, age constraints, B3:4–5
structural Zone II, age constraints, B3:4–5
structural Zone III, age constraints, B3:4–5
structure
gas hydrates, B1:14–15; B21:1–11
seismic units, B2:7–8
Structure I hydrate, gas hydrates, B1:14–15; B15:8–9
Structure II hydrate, gas hydrates, B15:9
structure map, Hydrate Ridge, B3:14
subduction zone décollement, Seismic Profile OR89-Line 2, B1:28
subduction zones, Cascadia subduction zone, B1:3–5
submarine slides, accretionary complexes, A11:7–9
sulfate
carbon cycling, A9:11
depletion, A7:11; A8:13
dissolved in pore fluids, A3:111; A4:14; A11:39
gas hydrates, A3:16–17; A5:8
microbiology, A9:15
pore water, A6:10–11; A10:14; A11:12
pore water comparison of Sites 1244 and 1248, A7:39
redox, B15:9–10
sulfur isotopes, B19:1–13
vs. alkalinity, B15:35
vs. depth, A3:59, 66–67, 71; A4:61, 65, 69; A5:28, 34; A6:39, 42, 45; A7:36, 38–39; A8:48; A9:46; A10:52, 56–57, 60; A11:35, 37; B15:33; B16:14–18; B19:9–10
sulfate, dissolved residual, vs. depth, A6:45
sulfate/methane interface
anaerobic methane oxidation, A6:10–11
dissolved in pore fluids, A4:14
gas hydrates, A1:6; A3:16–17; A5:8
pore water, A6:10–11; A10:14; A11:12
sulfur isotopes, B19:4
vs. depth, A3:66, 69; A4:65; A6:42, 45; A10:56
sulfate depletion zone
barium, A3:67
pore water, A11:12
sulfur isotopes, B19:6
sulfate reduction
anaerobic methane oxidation, B15:11–14
carbon isotopes, B20:3
rate parameters, B15:51
vs. depth, B15:34
sulfate reduction zone, gas hydrates, A3:16–17
sulfide mineralization, lithologic units, A4:4
sulfide precipitates
lithologic units, A11:5–7
photograph, A11:29
sulfides
anomaly photograph, A9:60
lithologic units, A3:6–8; A5:3–4; A6:3–8; A8:6–8; A10:5–9
photograph, A6:54–55; A8:38, 43
vs. depth, A10:58
X-ray line scanner images, A10:72
sulfur, total
sediments, A3:119; A4:17, 116; A5:10, 60; A6:14, 77; A7:14, 70; A9:14, 88; A10:18, 106
vs. depth, A3:72; A4:73; A5:37; A6:49; A7:46; A9:53; A10:63
sulfur isotopes
hydrogen sulfide and sulfate, B19:1–13
vs. depth, B19:9–10
summit vents, seismic reflection, A1:8

T

tectonic evolution, seismic sequence stratigraphy, B2:1–29
tectonics, A3:51
temperature
anomalies, A3:63
conversion of raw data to resistance, B23:31
core pullout, B23:9
sediments, A3:29–30, 40, 129; A4:128; A5:67; A6:82; A7:75; A8:95; A9:96; A10:116; A11:16–17, 61
seismic Horizon B, B1:33
tool calibration, B9:25
vs. acetate, B17:17
vs. depth, A3:74–76; A4:22–23, 64, 74, 99; A5:14, 38, 43–44; A6:17–18, 50, 53, 69; A7:18, 49, 56; A8:20–21, 57; A9:19, 54, 64, 76; A10:65–66, 68–69, 90; A11:42, 47, 52; B1:34; B9:17, 19–23; B23:7
vs. magnetic intensity, B18:12
vs. methane/ethane ratio, A4:72; A6:48; A8:55
vs. pressure, B26:11
vs. time, A4:82–83; A5:47, 49; A7:55; A11:46; B9:16–18; B23:6–7, 20–28, 30
well-logging, A4:32–33; A6:25; A9:28–29; A10:37; A11:20
See also pressure-temperature conditions
temperature, borehole, tools, A3:101
temperature, catwalk core, tools, B23:2–3
temperature, in situ
estimation, A3:82–83; A6:56; A10:25–26; B9:4–6
vs. time, A6:56; A8:63–64; A9:62–63; A10:75–76
temperature, subsurface
sediments, B9:1–25
vs. depth, A3:84; A4:84; A5:48; A6:57; A8:65; A10:77
temperature, water, vs. depth, A1:53
temperature-pressure-conductivity tool, B23:1–41
thermal anomalies
gas hydrate anomalies, A5:40; A7:15–16; A10:65
gas hydrate stability zone, B13:16
infrared scanning, A3:25–26; A4:20; A5:11, 39; A6:14–15, 51; A7:15–16, 47–48; A8:58; A9:16–17, 55; A11:14–15, 43
methane/seawater/hydrate stability zone, A7:16
microbiology, A9:15
mousselike texture, A7:48
nodules, A7:47
physical properties, A6:53
sedimentary evidence of gas hydrates, A3:8–9
seismic data, A6:53
veins, A7:47
voids, A7:48
vs. depth, A1:70; A7:49; A10:67
vs. logging-while-drilling resistivity, A7:49
thermal conductivity
sediments, A3:27–28, 127; A4:22, 125; A5:13, 65; A6:17, 81; A7:17, 74; A8:19, 94; A9:18, 95; A10:24, 114; A11:16, 60; B9:21–23
stability boundaries, B9:18
uncertainty, B9:6
vs. depth, A3:77; A4:77; A5:41; A6:52; A7:52; A8:59, 65; A9:56; A10:70; A11:44; B9:19–20
thermal conductivity, normalized, vs. depth, A10:74
thermal regime, Hydrate Ridge, B1:15–16
thorium logs
logging-while-drilling, A3:92
vs. depth, A4:91; A6:63; A9:69; A10:84; A11:40
time map, seismic Horizon B, B2:27
top of oceanic crust, Seismic Profile OR89-Line 2, B1:28
tortuosity, physical properties, B8:4–5
traveltime, vertical seismic profiles, B25:23
trench slope deposits, clay mineralogy, B7:5
tube radiographs, sediment consolidation, B12:16–17, 125–140
tube worms, gas hydrates, A1:6
turbidite
clay mineralogy, B11:1–19
Formation MicroScanner imagery, A3:97; A4:96
lithologic units, A3:7–10; A4:4–11; A5:3–4; A6:4–8; A7:4–6; A8:7–8; A9:5–7; A10:4–9; A11:2–7
magnetic susceptibility, A9:61
photograph, A3:50, 59; A4:44, 47, 55, 57; A9:39; A10:46; A11:29
photomicrograph, A4:58
resistivity-at-the-bit, A4:96
turbidite, sandy, photograph, A6:37
turbidite, sandy silt, lithologic units, A11:6–7
turbidity currents
deposition, A6:7
environment, A9:8; A10:10–11
lithologic units, A4:8–11

U

unconformities
diatom biostratigraphy, B6:2–3
lithologic units, A7:4
seismic data, A3:58
seismic units, B2:6
See also disconformities; erosional surfaces
unconformities, angular
lithologic units, A10:5–6
seismic Horizon Y, A6:7–8
unconformities, regional
accretionary complexes, A11:7–9
lithologic units, A11:5–7
unconformities, seismic, lithologic units, A11:3
unconformity DF2, seismic profiles, A11:25
unconformity K, map, B2:25
underplating
seismic units, B2:8
subduction zones, B1:3–5
underthrusting, geology, B1:4–5
undrained modulus, normalized, vs. axial strain, B12:49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
uplifts
age constraints, B3:4–5
deposition, A5:5
gas hydrate stability zone, B2:12–13
tectonics, B2:10
uranium-free gamma ray logs, vs. depth, A4:91; A6:63; A9:69; A10:84; A11:49
uranium logs
logging-while-drilling, A3:92
vs. depth, A4:91; A6:63; A9:69; A10:84; A11:40

V

veins
infrared imagery, A8:56
thermal anomalies, A7:47
veins, gas hydrates
computed tomographic analysis, B21:3, 7
photograph, A8:43–46, 62
veins, pyrrhotite, photograph, A6:35
veins, sulfide, photograph, A6:55
velocity
vs. density, B8:22
vs. density porosity logs, B22:19
vs. depth, B8:17–19
vs. porosity, B8:22
vs. shear strength, B8:23
velocity, sonic, gas hydrates, B24:1–38
velocity logs
free gas, B22:1–25
gas hydrates, B22:1–25
vs. depth, A4:93; A6:65; A9:71; A11:48, 50
See also acoustic logs; compressional wave velocity logs; shear wave velocity logs
velocity ratio
velocity logs, B22:6–7
vs. density porosity logs, B22:18
vents
north-south variability, B3:1–15
subduction zones, B1:4–5
See also summit vents
void ratio
vs. hydraulic conductivity, B12:31–47
vs. vertical consolidation stress, B12:31–48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66
voids
lithologic units, A3:4–8
thermal anomalies, A7:48
X-ray line scanner images, A10:72
volcanic ash
Formation MicroScanner imagery, A3:96
lithologic units, A3:9–10; A4:6–8; A7:4; A9:6–7
photograph, A3:51, 59; A4:50; A9:59
photomicrograph, A7:33
volcanic glass
lithologic units, A3:9–10; A4:6–8; A6:6–7; A7:4; A9:4–7
photograph, A3:59; A4:50; A9:36
photomicrograph, A4:52; A5:26
vs. depth, A4:51; A9:42
X-ray diffraction data, A4:53
volume-pressure-time plots, vs. run time, A4:85; A6:58; A8:66; A9:65; A10:78–79

W

water content
compaction, B15:10–11
core void gas, A4:112–113
repressurized sediments, B26:5–6, 18
sediments, A3:123–125; A4:20–21, 122–123; A5:63; A6:80; A7:73; A8:93; A9:94; A10:111–112; A11:59; B12:7–8
water saturation
comparison of logging-while-drilling, density, and resistivity, A4:98
logging-while-drilling, A3:100
water saturation logs, vs. depth, A5:53; A6:68; A8:74
waveforms, stacked, vertical sonic profiles, vs. depth, B24:19–22
well-logging
gas hydrates, A4:32; A5:18–19; A6:24–25; A7:22–23; A8:32–33; A9:28–29; A10:36; A11:20
porosity, A4:31; A5:17–18; A6:23–24; A7:21–22; A8:31–32; A9:27–28; A10:35–36; A11:20
temperature, A4:32–33; A6:25; A9:28–29; A10:37; A11:20
well-logging Unit 1, physical properties, A3:37; A4:29; A5:16; A6:22; A7:20; A8:31; A9:26; A10:34; A11:19
well-logging Unit 2, physical properties, A3:37; A4:29–30; A5:16–17; A6:22; A7:20–21; A9:26; A10:34; A11:19
well-logging Unit 3, physical properties, A3:37; A4:30; A5:17; A6:22; A7:21; A9:26–27; A10:34
well-logging Unit 4, physical properties, A3:37; A6:23; A7:21; A10:34
well-logging units
Formation MicroScanner imagery, A4:30–31
physical properties, A3:37; A4:29–30; A5:16–17; A6:22–23; A7:20–22; A8:31; A9:26–27; A10:34; A11:19
resistivity-at-the-bit, A4:30–31
wireline logging
comparison with logging-while-drilling, A3:36; A4:29; A6:21–22; A9:25–26; A10:33–34
summary, A3:35–36, 132; A4:27–28, 131; A6:20–21, 84; A9:24–25, 100; A10:31–33, 119; A11:17–19, 62
wood fragments, lithologic units, A4:9

X

X-ray diffraction data
authigenic carbonates, B5:1–8
calcite, A7:31; A9:37
calcite-treated random powder sample, B12:24–26, 75–80
carbonate content, A6:34
carbonates, A10:50
clay-fraction random powder sample, B12:27–29, 81–83
clay mineralogy, B7:1–15
random powder sample, B12:21–23, 72–74
seismic Horizon B´, A3:53
volcanic glass, A4:53
X-ray line scanner images
cracks, A10:72
sulfides, A10:72
voids, A10:72

Y

yellowness, vs. depth, A3:59

NEXT