REFERENCES

Altabet, M.A., and Francois, R., 2001. Nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry of the Antarctic polar frontal zone at 170°W. Deep-Sea Res., Part II, 48(19–20):4247–4273. doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00088-1

Bebout, G.E., 1995. The impact of subduction-zone metamorphism on mantle-ocean chemical cycling. Chem. Geol., 126(2):191–218. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(95)00118-5

Bebout, G.E., and Fogel, M.L., 1992. Nitrogen-isotope compositions of metasedimentary rocks in the Catalina schist, California: implications for metamorphic devolatilization history. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56(7):239–249. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(92)90363-N

Bebout, G.E., and Sadofsky, S.J., 2004. ¹⁵N analyses of ammonium-rich silicate minerals by sealed-tube extractions and dual inlet, viscous-flow mass spectrometry. In de Groot, P.A. (Ed.), Handbook of Stable Isotope Techniques: Amsterdam (Elsevier).

Benner, R., Fogel, M.L., Sprague, E.K., and Hodson, R.E., 1987. Depletion of ¹³C in lignin and its implications for stable carbon isotope studies. Nature (London, U. K.), 329(6141):708–710. doi:10.1038/329708a0

Bohrmann, G., Heeschen, K., Jung, C., Weinrebe, W., Baranov, B., Cailleau, B., Heath, R., Hühnerbach, V., Hort, M., Masson, D., and Trummer, I., 2002. Widespread fluid expulsion along the seafloor of the Costa Rica convergent margin. Terra Nova, 14(2):69–79. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00400.x

Bolton, A.J., Clennell, M.B., and Maltman, A.J., 1999. Nonlinear stress dependence of permeability: a mechanism for episodic fluid flow in accretionary wedges. Geology, 27(3):239–242. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0239:NSDOPA>2.3.CO;2

Brandes, J.A., Devol, A.H., Yashinari, T., Jayakumar, D.A., and Naqvi, S.W.A., 1998. Isotopic composition of nitrate in the central Arabian Sea and tropical North Pacific: a tracer for mixing and nitrogen cycles. Limnol. Oceanogr., 43(7):1680–1689.

Brenner, M., Whitmore, T.J., Curtis, J.H., Hodell, D.A., and Schelske, C.L., 1999. Stable isotope (¹³C and ¹⁵N) signatures of sedimented organic matter as indicators of historic lake trophic state. J. Paleolimnol., 22(2):205–221. doi:10.1023/A:1008078222806

Busigny, V., Cartigny, P., Philippot, P., Ader, M., and Javoy, M., 2003. Massive recycling of nitrogen and other fluid-mobile elements (K, Rb, Cs, H) in a cold slab environment: evidence from HP to UHP oceanic metasediments of the Schistes Lustrés nappe (western Alps, Europe). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 215(1–2):27–42. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00453-9

Calvert, S.E., Nielsen, B., and Fontugne, M.R., 1992. Evidence from nitrogen isotope ratios for enhanced productivity during formation of eastern Mediterranean sapropels. Nature (London, U. K.), 359:223–225. doi:10.1038/359223a0

Canet, C., Prol-Ledesma, R.M., Melgarejo, J.-C., and Reyes, A., 2003. Methane-related carbonates formed at submarine hydrothermal springs: a new setting for microbially-derived carbonates? Mar. Geol., 199(3–4):245–261. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00193-2

Chan, L.-H., and Kastner, M., 2000. Lithium isotopic compositions of pore fluids and sediments in the Costa Rica subduction zone: implications for fluid processes and sediment contribution to the arc volcanoes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 183(1–2):275–290. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00275-2

Ettwein, V.J., Stickley, C.E., Maslin, M.A., Laurie, E.R., Rosell-Melé, A., Vidal, L., and Brownless, M., 2001. Fluctuations in productivity and upwelling intensity at Site 1083 during the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation (2.40–2.65 Ma). In Wefer, G., Berger, W.H., and Richter, C. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 175 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/175_SR/chap_18/chap_18.htm>. [Cited 2005-10-01]

Fontugne, M.R., and Calvert, S.E., 1992. Late Pleistocene variability of the carbon isotopic composition of organic matter in the eastern Mediterranean: monitor of changes in carbon sources and atmospheric CO₂ levels. Paleoceanography, 7:1–20.

Freudenthal, T., Neuer, S., Meggers, H., Davenport, R., and Wefer, G., 2001. Influence of lateral particle advection and organic matter degradation on sediment accumulation and stable nitrogen isotope ratios along a productivity gradient in the Canary Islands region. Mar. Geol., 177(1–2):93–109. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00126-8

Gong, C., and Hollander, D.J., 1997. Differential contribution of bacteria to sedimentary organic matter in oxic and anoxic environments, Santa Monica Basin, California. Org. Geochem., 26(9–10):545–563. doi:10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00018-1

Hensen, C., Wallman, K., Schmidt, M., Ranero, C.R., and Suess, E., 2004. Fluid expulsion related to mud extrusion off Costa Rica—a window to the subducting slab. Geology, 32(3):201–204. doi:10.1130/G20119.1

Higginson, M.J., Maxwell, J.R., and Altabet, M.A., 2003. Nitrogen isotope and chlorine paleoproductivity records from the northern South China Sea: remote vs. local forcing of millennial- and orbital-scale variability. In Clemens, S.C., Wang, P., and Prell, W.L. (Eds.), Asian Monsoons and Global Linkages on Milankovitch and Sub-Milankovitch Time Scales. Mar. Geol., 201:223–250.

Hoefs, J., 1987. Stable Isotope Geochemistry (3rd ed.): Berlin (Springer).

Hollander, D.J., and McKenzie, J.A., 1991. CO₂ control on carbon-isotope fractionation during aqueous photosynthesis: a paleo–pCO₂ barometer. Geology, 19(9):929–932. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0929:CCOCIF>2.3.CO;2

Housen, B.A., and Kanamatsu, T., 2003. Magnetic fabrics from the Costa Rica margin: sediment deformation during the initial dewatering and underplating process. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 206(1–2):215–228. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01076-2

Kahn, L.M., Silver, E.A., Orange, D., Kochevar, R., and McAdoo, B., 1996. Surficial evidence of fluid expulsion from the Costa Rica accretionary prism. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(8):887–890. doi:10.1029/96GL00732

Kastner, M., Elderfield, H., and Martin, J.B., 1991. Fluids in convergent margins: what do we know about their composition, origin, role in diagenesis and importance for oceanic chemical fluxes? Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 335:243–259.

Kimura, G., Silver, E.A., Blum, P., et al., 1997. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 170: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). [HTML]

Kopf, A., Deyhle, A., and Zuleger, E., 2000. Evidence for deep fluid circulation and gas hydrate dissociation using boron and boron isotopes of pore fluids in forearc sediments from Costa Rica (ODP Leg 170). Mar. Geol., 167(1–2):1–28. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00026-8

Krishnamurthy, R.V., Syrup, K., and Long, A., 1999. Is selective preservation of nitrogenous organic matter reflected in the ¹³C signal of lacustrine sediments? Chem. Geol., 158(3–4):165–172. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00020-0

Lehmann, M.F., Bernasconi, S.M., Barbieri, A., and McKenzie, J.A., 2002. Preservation of organic matter and alteration of its carbon and nitrogen isotope composition during simulated and in situ early sedimentary diagenesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66(20):3573–3584. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00968-7

Li, L., and Bebout, G.E., 2005. Carbon and nitrogen geochemistry of sediments in the Central American convergent margin: insights regarding subduction input fluxes, diagenesis, and paleoproductivity. J. Geophys. Res., 110:B11202. doi:10.1029/2004JB003276

Lutz, R., Gieren, B., Lückge, A., Wilkes, H., and Littke, R., 2000. Composition of organic matter in subducted and unsubducted sediments off the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica (ODP Leg 170, Sites 1039 and 1040). Org. Geochem., 31(12):1597–1610. doi:10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00089-9

McAdoo, B.G., Orange, D.L., Silver, E.A., McIntosh, K., Abott, L., Galewsky, J., Kahn, L., and Protti, M., 1996. Seafloor structural observations, Costa Rica accretionary prism. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(8):883–886. doi:10.1029/96GL00731

McCrea, J.M., 1950. On the isotopic chemistry of carbonates and a paleotemperature scale. J. Chem. Phys., 18(6):849–857. doi:10.1063/1.1747785

McIntosh, K.D., and Sen, M.K., 2000. Geophysical evidence for dewatering and deformation processes in the ODP Leg 170 area offshore Costa Rica. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 178(1–2):125–138. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00069-8

Meyers, P.A., 1992. Organic matter variations in sediments from DSDP Sites 362 and 532: evidence of upwelling changes in the Benguela Current upwelling system. In Summerhayes, C.P., Prell, W.L., and Emeis, K.C. (Eds.), Upwelling Systems: Evolution Since the Early Miocene. Spec. Publ.—Geol. Soc. London, 64:323–329.

Meyers, P.A., and Eadie, B.J., 1993. Sources, degradation and recycling of organic matter associated with sinking particles in Lake Michigan. Org. Geochem., 20(1):47–56. doi:10.1016/0146-6380(93)90080-U

Minoura, K., Hoshino, K., Nakamura, T., and Wada, E., 1997. Late Pleistoncene–Holocene paleoproductivity circulation in the Japan Sea: sea-level control on ¹³C and ¹⁵N records of sediment organic material. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 135(1–4):41–50. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00026-6

Moore, G.F., and Silver, E., 2002. Fluid flow in accreting and eroding convergent margins. JOIDES J., 28:91–96.

Moore, J.C., and Vrolijk, P., 1992. Fluids in accretionary prisms. Rev. Geophys., 30:113–135.

Moritz, E., Bornholdt, S., Westphal, H., and Meschede, M., 2000. Neural network interpretation of LWD data (ODP Leg 170) confirms complete sediment subduction at the Costa Rica convergent margin. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 174(3–4):301–312. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00270-8

Morris, J., Valentine, R., and Harrison, T., 2002. ¹⁰Be imaging of sediment accretion, subduction along the northeast Japan and Costa Rica convergent margins. Geology, 30(1):59–62. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0059:BIOSAA>2.0.CO;2

Morris, J.D., Villinger, H.W., Klaus, A., et al., 2003. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 205 [CD-ROM]. Available from: Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77845-9547, USA. [HTML]

Mottl, M.J., Wheat, C.G., Fryer, P., Gharib, J., and Martin, J.B., 2004. Chemistry of springs across the Mariana forearc shows progressive devolatilization of the subducting plate. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68(23):4915–4933. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.037

Müller, P.J., 1977. C/N ratios in Pacific deep sea sediments: effect of inorganic ammonium and organic nitrogen compounds sorbed by clays. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 41(6):765–776. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(77)90047-3

Ostrom, N.E., Macko, S.A., Deible, D., and Thompson, R.J., 1997. Seasonal variation in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry of a coastal cold ocean environment. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61(14):2929–2942. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00131-2

Pattan, J.N., Masuzawa, T., Naidu, P.D., Parthiban, G., and Yamamoto, M., 2003. Productivity fluctuations in the southeastern Arabian Sea during the last 140 ka. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 193(3–4):575–590. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00267-0

Peters, K.E., Sweeney, R.E., and Kaplan, I.R., 1978. Correlation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in sedimentary organic matter. Limnol. Oceanogr., 23:598–604.

Rau, G.H., Arthur, M.A., and Dean, W.E., 1987. ¹⁵N/¹⁴N variations in Cretaceous Atlantic sedimentary sequences: implication for past changes in marine nitrogen biogeochemistry. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 82(3–4):269–279. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(87)90201-9

Ruppel, C., and Kinoshita, M., 2000. Fluid, methane, and energy flux in an active margin gas hydrate province, offshore Costa Rica. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 179(1):153–165. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00096-0

Sadofsky, S.J., and Bebout, G.E., 2000. Ammonium partitioning and nitrogen-isotope fractionation among coexisting micas during high-temperature fluid-rock interactions: examples from the New England Appalachians. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64(16):2835–2849. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00393-8

Sadofsky, S.J., and Bebout, G.E., 2003. Record of forearc devolatilization in low-T, high-P/T metasedimentary suites: significance for models of convergent margin chemical cycling. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 4(4):9003. doi:10.1029/2002GC000412

Sadofsky, S.J., and Bebout, G.E., 2004. Nitrogen geochemistry of subducting sediments: new results from the Izu-Bonin-Mariana margin and insights regarding global nitrogen subduction. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 5(3):Q03I15. doi:10.1029/2003GC000543

Saffer, D.M., 2003. Pore pressure development and progressive dewatering in underthrust sediments at the Costa Rican subduction margin: comparison with northern Barbados and Nankai. J. Geophys. Res., 108(B5):2261–2276. doi:10.1029/2002JB001787

Saffer, D.M., and Screaton, E.J., 2003. Fluid flow at the toe of convergent margins: interpretation of sharp pore-water geochemical gradients. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 213(3–4):261–270. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00343-1

Saffer, D.M., Silver, E.A., Fisher, A.T., Tobin, H., and Moran, K., 2000. Inferred pore pressures at the Costa Rica subduction zone: implications for dewatering processes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 177(3–4):193–207. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00048-0

Saito, S., and Goldberg, D., 2001. Compaction and dewatering processes of the oceanic sediments in the Costa Rica and Barbados subduction zones: estimates from in situ physical property measurements. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 191(3–4):283–293. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00403-4

Schelske, C.L., and Hodell, D.A., 1991. Recent changes in productivity and climate of Lake Ontario detected by isotopic analysis of sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 36:961–975.

Schelske, C.L., and Hodell, D.A., 1995. Using carbon isotopes of bulk sedimentary organic matter to reconstruct the history of nutrient loading and eutrophication in Lake Erie. Limnol. Oceanogr., 40:918–929.

Silver, E.A., 2000. Leg 170: synthesis of fluid-structural relationships of the Pacific margin of Costa Rica. In Silver, E.A., Kimura, G., Blum, P., and Shipley, T.H. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 170 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/170_SR/chap_04/chap_04.htm>. [Cited 2005-10-01]

Silver, E., Fisher, A., Saffer, D., Kastner, M., Morris, J., and McIntosh, K., 2000. Fluid flow paths in the Middle America Trench and Costa Rica margin. Geology, 28(8):679–682. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)028<0679:FFPITM>2.3.CO;2

Suess, E., Torres, M.E., Bohrmann, G., Collier, R.W., Rickert, D., Goldfinger, C., Linke, P., Heuser, A., Sahling, H., Heeschen, K., Jung, C., Nakamura, K., Greinert, J., Pfannkuche, O., Tréhu, A., Klinkhammer, G., Whiticar, M.J., Eisenhauer, A., Teichert, B., and Elvert, M., 2001. Sea floor methane hydrates at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia margin. In Paull, C.K., and Dillon, W.P. (Eds.), Natural Gas Hydrates: Occurrence, Distribution, and Detection. Geophys. Monogr., 124:87–98.

Sweeney, R.E., Liu, K.K., and Kaplan, I.R., 1978. Oceanic nitrogen isotopes and their uses in determining the source of sedimentary nitrogen. In Robinson, B.W. (Ed.), Stable Isotopes in the Earth Sciences. DSIR Bull. (N. Z.), 220:9–26.

Thunell, R.C., and Kepple, A.B., 2004. Glacial–Holocene ¹⁵N record from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico: implications for denitrification in the eastern equatorial Pacific and changes in atmospheric N₂O. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18:GB1001. doi:10.1029/2002GB002028

Tobin, H., Vannuchi, P., and Meschede, M., 2001. Structure, inferred mechanical properties, and implications for fluid transport in the décollement zone, Costa Rica convergent margin. Geology, 29(10):907–910. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0907:SIMPAI>2.0.CO;2

Tolun, L., Çagatay, M.N., and Carrigan, W.J., 2002. Organic geochemistry and origin of late Glacial–Holocene sapropelic layers and associated sediments in Marmara Sea. Mar. Geol., 190(1–2):47–60. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00342-0

Turner, S.P., George, R.M.M., Evans, P.J., Hawkesworth, C.J., and Zellmer, G.F., 2000. Time-scales of magma formation, ascent and storage beneath subduction-zone volcanoes. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 358:1443–1464.

Valentine, R., Morris, J.D., and Duncan, D., 1997. Sediment subduction, accretion, underplating and arc volcanism along the margin of Costa Rica: constraints from Ba, Zn, Ni, and ¹⁰Be concentrations. Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 78:F673.

Vannucchi, P., Ranero, C.R., Galeotti, S., Straub, S.M., Scholl, D.W., and McDougall-Ried, K., 2003. Fast rates of subduction erosion along the Costa Rica Pacific margin: implications for nonsteady rates of crustal recycling at subduction zones. J. Geophys. Res., 108(B11):2511. doi:10.1029/2002JB002207

Vannucchi, P., and Tobin, H., 2000. Deformation structures and implications for fluid flow at the Costa Rica convergent margin, ODP Sites 1040 and 1043, Leg 170. J. Struct. Geol., 22(8):1087–1103. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00027-4

von Rad, U., Rösch, H., Berner, U., Geyh, M., Marchig, V., and Schulz, H., 1996. Authigenic carbonates derived from oxidized methane vented from the Makran accretionary prism off Pakistan. Mar. Geol., 136(1–2):55–77. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00017-5

Voss, M., Altabet, M.A., and von Bodungen, B., 1996. ¹⁵N in sedimenting particles as indicator of euphotic-zone processes. Deep-Sea Res., Part I, 43(1):33–47. doi:10.1016/0967-0637(95)00099-2

Wada, E., and Hattori, A., 1978. Nitrogen isotope effects in the assimilation of inorganic nitrogeneous compounds by marine diatoms. Geomicrobiol. J., 1:85–01.

You, C.-F., and Gieskes, J.M., 2001. Hydrothermal alteration of hemi-pelagic sediments: experimental evaluation of geochemical processes in shallow subduction zones. Appl. Geochem., 16(9–10):1055–1066. doi:10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00024-5