SUBJECT INDEX

1/strontium ratio, vs. strontium isotopes, B5:17

A

accretionary prisms, plate tectonics, A1:8–10
acoustic logging, dipole shear sonic tool, B13:15
acoustic waves, fracture density, B13:1–22
Actinobacteria, microbial divergence indexes, B8:9
advection
model parameters, B6:26
See also fluid advection
age, forearc wedges, B1:16
age vs. depth
middle Miocene, B4:16
sedimentation rates, B4:4–5
Site 1254, B14:21
age models, isotope stratigraphy, B4:4–5
alkali index, vs. aluminum oxide, A5:61
alkalinity
geochemical cycles, B6:9
pore water, A4:46; A6:16
vs. depth, B6:20, 23
alteration
gabbro, A4:32–33
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
igneous rocks, B1:12–13; B9:7
photograph, A4:80
photomicrograph, A1:57, 59; A4:90, 92, 108
tephra, A4:23
volcanic glass, A6:10
aluminum. See also titanium/aluminum ratio
aluminum/(aluminum + iron + manganese) ratio, vs. depth, B3:10
aluminum oxide
sediments, A4:23; A5:17
tephra, A4:25
vs. alkali index, A5:61
vs. depth, A4:82, 114; A5:58
See also calcium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio
Alvin submersible postcruise visit, CORK-II, A1:36–37; A2:11–13
ammonium
deformation, A5:33
geochemical cycles, B6:9; B7:12
pore water, A4:46; A5:31; A6:16; B1:28
vs. depth, A4:145; A5:85; B6:20; B7:28
vs. time, B1:54
anaerobic methane oxidation, geochemical cycles, B6:1–26
anoxic environment, diffusion, B6:10–11
anteiso branching pentadecanoic acid, gas chromatograms, B8:17
Archaea, sediments, B8:6–11
augite, gabbro sills, A4:27–28
authigenesis, sediments, A4:24; A6:10

B

bacteria
microbial divergence indexes, B8:9
sediments, A4:49–50; A6:20
barite
geochemical cycles, B6:26
sediments, B2:9–10; B3:4
barium
convergent margins, B2:1–22; B5:5–7
correlation of Sites 1040 and 1039, B2:18
décollement zone, A1:13; B2:7
pore water, A4:46–47; A5:31; A6:16; B1:18–19; B2:19
sediments, A4:24; A5:17; A6:10; B5:21
vs. cobalt, B3:13
vs. copper, B3:12
vs. depth, A1:52; A4:83, 114, 147; A5:60, 84; B1:51; B2:15–17; B5:15–16; B6:23
vs. zinc, B3:11
basalt, cryptocrystalline
contact with gabbro, A4:29–35
photograph, A1:59; A4:97–98
photomicrograph, A4:99
basalt, trace elements, B9:9–10
basement, oceanic
crust, A2:11
fluid flow, B6:9–11
fracture density, B13:1–22
bathymetry, maps, A1:42–44; B1:39; B7:25; B8:15; B10:7; B14:15
bedding, sediments, A4:35–36
bedding dip
sediments, A5:21
stereographic projection, A5:65, 67
vs. depth, A4:120; A5:65, 67
bedding planes, orientation, A4:122
beryllium-10, vs. depth, A1:48
bioenergetic divergence index
vs. depth, B8:21
vs. microbial divergence index, B8:22
biomarkers, sediments, B1:24; B8:6–11, 23
biosphere, sediments, B8:6–11
biostratigraphy, sedimentary wedges, B1:14–16
bioturbation, photograph, A4:75, 81
bivalves, photomicrograph, A5:55
blocks
photograph, A6:32
redeposition, A6:9
sedimentation, A5:15
borehole diameter
vs. depth, B13:17–20
waveforms, B13:6
boreholes, installation, A4:69
boron
pore water, A4:47
vs. depth, A4:147; A5:84
breccia
lithology, A4:21
quinones, B8:18
breccia, equidimensional, photograph, A5:68
brecciation
photograph, A5:54
plate tectonics, A1:10
sediments, A5:21–22
underthrusting, A6:11
vs. depth, A5:64
brittle shear, photograph, A1:69
bromide
pore fluids and sediments, B5:5–7
vs. depth, B5:10
See also fluoride/bromide ratio
bromide/chloride ratio
pore fluids and sediments, B5:6–7
vs. depth, B5:10
burrows, photograph, A6:34

C

calcarenite, plate tectonics, A1:10
calcite
alteration, A4:33
redeposition, A6:9
sediments, A4:22
tephra, A4:23
calcite cement, sparry, photomicrograph, A5:55
calcium
deformation, A5:33
geochemical cycles, B6:11
pore fluids and sediments, B5:6–7
pore water, A4:46–47; A5:30; A6:15
vs. depth, A1:50–51, 62; A4:70, 146; A5:45, 83; B1:43–44; B6:20, 22
vs. fluoride, B5:11
See also magnesium/calcium ratio
calcium carbonate
sediments, A4:180; A5:35
vs. depth, A4:149; A5:88
vs. titanium/aluminum ratio, B3:8
calcium oxide
sediments, A5:17
vs. depth, A4:83, 114; A5:60
calcium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio
gabbro, A4:34–35
vs. magnesium number, A4:116
vs. nickel, A4:117
caliper logs, vs. depth, A4:160, 164–167
carbon
fluid mobility tracers, B7:11–12
microbial divergence indexes, B8:10
organic matter, A5:36
wedge sediments, B7:1–38
carbon, inorganic
permeability, B11:13
sediments, A4:180; A5:35, 111; A6:19, 54
sediments and igneous rocks, A4:48–49
carbon, organic
sediments, A6:19; B1:21–23
sediments and igneous rocks, A4:48–49
vs. depth, B6:21
carbon, pyrolizable, sediments, A5:112
carbon, total
permeability, B11:13
sediments, A4:180; A5:111; A6:54
carbon, total organic
effects of storage and pretreatment, B7:21–23, 37
permeability, B11:13
sediments, A4:180; A5:35–36, 111–112; A6:19, 54; B7:5–14, 34–35
vs. carbon isotopes, B7:31
vs. depth, A4:149; A5:88; B7:29
carbon, total organic/total nitrogen ratio
diagenesis, B7:6–8
sediment sources, B7:8–11
sediments, A4:180; A5:36, 111; A6:19, 54
vs. depth, B7:29
carbon-nitrogen evidence
diagenesis, B7:7–8
sediment sources, B7:8–11
carbon isotopes
seafloor sediments, B7:6–7
sediments, B7:5–14, 34–35
subducting pelagic sections, B4:1–18
vs. depth, B1:50; B4:9–14; B7:29–30
vs. nitrogen isotopes, B7:32
vs. total organic carbon, B7:31
carbon reservoirs, seafloor sediments, B7:6–7
carbonate compensation depth, lithology, A6:9
carbonate content
sediments, A5:111; B7:6
sediments and igneous rocks, A4:48–49
vs. depth, B7:30
carbonates
fractional porosity, B10:14
lithology, A6:9
microbial activity, B8:8
middle Miocene, B1:14–15
permeability, B11:13
photograph, A6:32
sedimentation, A5:15
carbonates, biogenic, titanium/aluminum ratio, B3:4
Caribbean plate, convergent margins, A1:7–8
Carnegie Ridge, plate tectonics, A1:6–7
cavity fillings, photomicrograph, A1:61
cementation, sediments, A5:18
Central America
seismogenic zones, A1:5–6
subduction zones, A1:1–3
cesium
pore fluids and sediments, B5:5–7, 21
vs. depth, B5:12, 14–15
chalk, nannofossil
lithology, A4:21; A6:9
photograph, A4:75, 77, 81, 121; A6:33
photomicrograph, A4:78; A6:29
chemical composition, sediments, A4:172
chilled margins, photograph, A4:97–98
chloride
pore water, A4:46; A5:28–29; A6:14–15; B1:28
vs. depth, A4:144; A5:82
See also bromide/chloride ratio; sodium/chloride ratio
chlorite
alteration, A4:32
gabbro sills, A4:28
See also kaolinite/chlorite ratio
Chondrites
lithology, A4:21
photograph, A4:75
chromium
gabbro, A4:34
microbial activity, B8:7–8
vs. depth, A4:114
vs. zirconium, A4:118
Chron C5Bn.2n, sediments, A4:42
Chron C5Cn, sediments, A4:42
Chron C5Cn.1n, sediments, A4:42
chrons, gabbro, A4:43
chrons, normal, igneous units, A4:176
clasts, lithology, A4:21
clay mineralogy, sediments, A5:19
clay minerals, smear slides, A5:14
clays
alteration, A4:32–33
gabbro, A4:29
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
parallel laminations, A4:20
photograph, A1:59; A4:77, 87–88, 93–94, 97–98, 100–104; A6:27
photomicrograph, A1:57; A4:78, 92, 110
vs. depth, A4:79; A5:53; A6:28
X-ray diffraction data, A5:102–103
clays, detrital, titanium/aluminum ratio, B3:4
claystone
photograph, A1:67; A4:80; A5:46, 50, 62; A6:30, 33
photomicrograph, A4:78; A6:29
redeposition, A6:9
claystone, calcite-rich, photograph, A4:76
claystone, redeposited diatom-rich, photomicrograph, A6:29
claystone, silty, photomicrograph, A5:51
clinopyroxene
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
photomicrograph, A1:58–59; A4:89–90, 99, 106, 109, 113
titanium oxide vs. vanadium, B9:25
cobalt
sediments, B3:4
vs. barium, B3:13
cobbles
photograph, A5:54; A6:32, 34
photomicrograph, A5:55
sedimentation, A5:15
Cocos-Nazca spreading center
igneous complex, B9:20
plate tectonics, A1:6–7
Cocos plate
off-axis plume-ridge interaction, B9:1–38
plate tectonics, A1:6–9; B1:12
coenzymes, microbial activity, B8:7–8
cofactors, microbial activity, B8:7–8
color contrast, photograph, A6:30
compaction
hydrology, B6:3
vs. depth, A1:52
compressional wave velocity
fractures, B13:7
lithology, A4:39
vs. depth, A4:134; B13:17
vs. porosity, A4:134
compressional wave velocity logs, vs. depth, A4:164
concretions, carbonate, photograph, A5:62
concretions, sediments, A5:18
conductivity-temperature-depth, recorder profile, A4:153
conglomerate, redeposited, photograph, A6:31
consolidation
axial displacement, B10:18–24
subducting sediments, B10:1–24
consolidation system, photograph, B10:8
contamination
gabbro, A4:183
seawater, A4:181–182
sediments, A4:50–53
tracers, A5:36
convergent margins
geochemistry, B2:1–22
hydrology, A1:11–13; B6:3
hydrothermal alteration, B3:1–16
microbiology, B8:1–26
oceanic crust, A1:7–8
subduction flux, B1:1–54
subduction zones, A1:1–3
copper
microbial activity, B8:8
sediments, B3:4
vs. barium, B3:12
core recovery, vs. depth, A4:71–73, 105; B1:47; B9:22
CORK-II
Alvin submersible postcruise visit, A1:36–37
installation, A1:25–26, 36, 63, 72–74; A2:1–36; A4:11, 69; A6:4, 25
installation schematic, A1:53
monitoring, A2:1–36
corrensite, gabbro sills, A4:28
Costa Rica margin
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B14:1–26
carbon and oxygen isotopes, B4:1–18
convergent margins, B2:1–22
CORK-II, A2:1–36
fracture density, B13:1–21
geology, A1:1–75
hydrothermal alteration, B3:1–16
igneous complex, B9:1–38
nitrogen flux, B7:12–13
operations, B1:8–9
permeability and consolidation, B10:1–24; B11:1–13
pore fluid geochemistry, B5:1–21
subduction flux, B1:1–54
subseafloor sediment habitability, B8:1–26
temperature, B12:1–20
Costa Rica subduction zone, hydrology, B6:1–26
cristobalite/quartz ratio, X-ray diffraction data, A5:18–19
crystal accumulation
igneous rocks, B9:7, 11–12
rare earths, B9:32
cultivation, bacteria, A4:52

D

Davis-Villinger probe, pressure-temperature conditions, A4:55–57; A5:37–39; B1:25
debris flows
redeposition, A6:9
sedimentation, A5:15
décollement zone
barium, B2:7
carbon–nitrogen cycles, B7:12–14
CORK-II, A2:11–12
deformation, A5:20–22
geochemistry, A6:17
lithology and structure, A6:35
photograph, A5:47; A6:36
plate tectonics, A1:8–10; B1:29
quinones, B8:20
reaction fronts, B6:8–9, 13–14
scaly fabric, A6:11
structure and lithology, A5:64
temperature, B12:19
deep resistivity logs, vs. depth, A4:163
deformation
alteration, A1:11–13
carbon-nitrogen evidence, B7:8–11
photograph, A1:68; A5:47–48
deformation, brittle
igneous units, A4:36
sediments, A5:18
deformation bands
sediments, A5:20
vs. depth, A5:64
deformation fronts, plate tectonics, A1:8–10
Dehalococcoides, microbial divergence indexes, B8:9
demagnetization
discrete samples, A4:44; A5:27
magnetic domains, A4:140–141
sediments, A5:25–26; A6:13
demagnetization, alternating-field
gabbro, A4:42
sediments, A4:41–42
density
lithology, A4:37–38
sediments, A5:23–24; A6:12
density, bulk, vs. depth, A4:130–131; A5:70–71, 73; A6:37; B9:22
density, grain, vs. depth, A4:132; A5:72; A6:38
density correction logs, vs. depth, A4:162
density logs
lithology, A4:61
vs. depth, A1:55–56; A4:71–73, 162–167; B13:13
deoxyribonucleic acid, extraction, A4:52–53; B1:24; B8:6–11
dewatering, décollement zone, A1:13
diagenesis
carbon-nitrogen evidence, B7:7–8
fluid flow, A1:11–13
forearc wedges, A6:10
hydrology, B6:6–7
lithology, A4:21
organic matter, B2:6–7
seafloor sediments, B7:6–7
sediments, A5:18
total organic carbon/total nitrogen ratio, B7:6–8
See also authigenesis; cementation
diatom datums, middle Miocene, B1:15
diatomite, clayey, quinones, B8:19
diatoms
photograph, A4:75, 81
photomicrograph, A5:51; A6:29
sediments, A6:8
smear slides, A5:14–15
vs. depth, A4:79; A5:53; A6:28
differentiation, gabbro, A4:31–32
diffusion, fluid flow, B6:10–11
dipole shear sonic tool, acoustic logging, B13:15
Discoasters
lithology, A6:9
photomicrograph, A6:29
discrete samples
demagnetization, A4:44
paleolatitude, A4:44–45
Zijderveld diagrams, A4:142
DNA. See deoxyribonucleic acid
downhole logging, A1:22–23; A4:7–9, 59–64; B13:13
downhole measurements
Site 1253, A1:22; A4:7, 53–57
Site 1255, A1:32–33; A5:7–8, 37–39

E

enzymes, microbial activity, B8:7–8
ethane
sediments, A5:35
vs. depth, A5:86–87; A6:43
eubacteria, microbial divergence indexes, B8:9

F

fabric, scaly
décollement zone, A6:11
sediments, A5:21
Farallon plate
convergent margins, A1:7–8
hotspots, B9:12–13
fatty acid methyl esters, sediments, B8:6–11
fault gouge
photograph, A1:69; A5:48
vs. depth, A5:64
fault zones
barium, B2:9–10
sediments, A5:21
vs. depth, A1:51
faults
alteration, A1:11–13
vs. depth, A5:64
faults, normal
photograph, A4:123
sediments, A4:35–36
faults, reverse
orientation of conjugate sets, A4:124, 128
photograph, A4:123
stereographic projection, A5:66
fecal pellets, sedimentation, A5:15
feldspar, lithology, A6:8–9
fissility dip, sediments, A5:21
fissures, photomicrograph, A4:110
fluid advection
convergent margins, B1:20
See also advection
fluid flow
carbon-nitrogen tracers, B7:11–12
convergent margins, A1:11–13
diffusion, B6:10–11
geochemistry, A6:17
hydraulic properties, B1:24–25
hydrology, B6:1–26
incoming plate, A1:23–24; A4:9; B1:26–28
prism wedges, B6:7–8, 11–13
subduction flux, B1:1–54
fluid flow, upward, geochemical cycles, B6:10
fluid flux
CORK-II, A2:1–36
subduction zones, A1:1–3
fluoride
pore fluids and sediments, B5:5–7
vs. calcium, B5:11
fluoride/bromide ratio, vs. depth, B5:9
foliation
stereographic projection, A5:66
vs. depth, A5:64
foraminifer datums, middle Miocene, B1:15
foraminifers
photograph, A4:77
photomicrograph, A4:78
forearc prisms
photograph, A5:46
underthrusting, B1:5–7, 29
forearc wedges
age, B1:16
carbon and nitrogen geochemistry, B7:1–38
diagenesis, A6:10; B1:5
forearcs, plate tectonics, A1:8–10; B1:5–7
Formation MicroScanner imagery
igneous units, A1:60
lithology, A4:63–64
vs. depth, A4:73, 160, 164–167; B1:48
fractional crystallization, igneous rocks, B9:7, 11–12
fractures
density, B13:1–21
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
igneous units, A1:60; A4:36; B1:13
photograph, A4:102–103
vs. depth, A4:73, 87–88, 93–98, 100–104; A5:64; B1:48; B13:20

G

gabbro
contamination, A4:183
emplacement, B1:10–12; B9:12–13
magnetic inclination, A4:143
paleomagnetism, A4:42–43
petrography, A4:31–32
petrology, A4:28–35
structures, A4:36
gabbro, fine-grained
lithologic units, A4:26–28
photomicrograph, A4:106
gabbro, holocrystalline
photograph, A1:57; A4:86
photomicrograph, A1:57
gabbro, medium-grained
petrology, A4:28–35
photomicrograph, A4:106
gabbro, microcrystalline
lithologic units, A4:26–28
petrology, A4:28–35
photograph, A4:88, 91, 94, 96, 98, 101, 103
photomicrograph, A1:57–58; A4:89–90, 92, 106–110, 113
gabbro, plagioclase-pyroxene, lithologic units, A4:26–28
gabbro intrusions, magnetic inclination, A4:143
gabbro sills
geochemical data, A4:174–175
lithologic units, A4:26–28
Galapagos hotspot, tephra, A4:26
Galapagos Islands, trace elements, B9:9–10
gamma-ray logs
lithology, A4:60–61
vs. depth, A4:161
gamma rays
lithology, A4:40
sediments, A5:24; A6:12
vs. depth, A6:39
gamma rays, corrected natural, vs. depth, A4:135; A5:74
gases, headspace, composition, A4:179; A5:110; A6:52
gases, Vacutainer, composition, A5:109; A6:53
gastropods, photomicrograph, A5:55
genes, methanogen-specific
sediments, B8:6–11
vs. depth, B8:18–19
geochemical data, gabbro sills, A4:174–175
geochemistry
incoming plate, B1:26–28
rock standards JB-2 and JB-1A, B3:16
sediments, B1:16–17
subduction recycling, B1:23–24
geochemistry, inorganic
Site 1253, A1:20–21; A4:6, 45–48
Site 1254, A1:30–32; A5:5–7, 27–33
Site 1255, A1:35; A6:3, 14–17
geochemistry, organic
Site 1253, A1:21; A4:6, 48–49
Site 1254, A1:32; A5:7, 33–37
Site 1255, A1:34–35; A6:2–3, 18–19
geothermal gradient, potassium, A5:32–33
glass shards
photomicrograph, A4:85; A5:51
tephra, A4:20
glauconite, lithology, A6:8–9
grain size
gabbro, A4:29
permeability, B11:13
photograph, A4:87–88
tephra, A5:15–16
vs. depth, A4:87–88, 93–98, 100–104
growth zoning, plagioclase, photomicrograph, A4:107
Guatemala, subduction factory, A1:5–6

H

habitability, subseafloor sediments, B8:1–26
hafnium, igneous rocks, B9:9–11
hafnium/tantalum ratio
vs. lanthanum/samarium ratio, B1:11–12; B9:30–31
vs. magnesium number, B9:26–27
heat flow
deformation fronts, A1:49; B1:4
plate tectonics, A1:10–11
heat flux, long-term measurements, B12:4–6, 9
hemipelagic environment, photograph, A5:47–48
heptadecanoic acid, gas chromatograms, B8:17
hexadecanoic acid, gas chromatograms, B8:17
hotspots, sill emplacement, B9:12–13
hydraulic properties, B1:24–25
hydrocarbons, kerogen-derived, sediments, A5:112
hydrocarbons, thermogenic, microbial divergence indexes, B8:10
hydrocarbons, volatile, sediments, A4:48; A5:34–35, 112; A6:18–19
hydrogen index, sediments, A5:112; A6:19
hydrology
convergent margins, A1:11–13; B1:7–8
CORK-II, A2:1–36
transport-reaction model, B6:1–26
hydrothermal alteration
geochemistry, B1:16–17; B3:1–16
See also authigenesis; cementation
hydrothermal circulation, water budget, B6:11

I

igneous complex, source and petrogenesis, B1:10–14; B9:1–38
igneous petrology, A1:18–19; A4:3–4, 27–35
igneous rocks
rock magnetism, A4:43–44
stratigraphy, A1:24–25; A4:9–10; B9:7
trace elements, B9:9–10
X-ray diffraction data, A4:173
illite
sediments, A4:22; A5:19
vs. depth, A5:63
See also smectite-illite clays
ilmenite
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
photomicrograph, A1:57; A4:89, 92
inclusions
gabbro, A4:31–32
photomicrograph, A4:90, 108
incoming plate, monitoring, B1:26–29
instruments, CORK-II, A2:7–11
intrusions, remanent magnetization, A4:42–43
iron
microbial activity, B8:6–11
pore water, A4:47; A5:31; A6:16
sediments, B3:4
vs. depth, A4:145; A5:85
See also aluminum/(aluminum + iron + manganese) ratio
iron-manganese oxides, sediments, B3:4
iron oxide
alkalis-iron-magnesium diagram, B9:24
gabbro, A4:34
microbial activity, B8:7–8
sediments, A4:24
tephra, A4:25
vs. depth, A4:114
vs. titanium/aluminum ratio, B3:9
iron oxide/magnesium oxide ratio, tephra, A4:25
Isla Floreana, trace elements, B9:9–10
isochrons
igneous complex, B1:41; B9:20
magnetic anomalies, A1:45; B7:24
isotope stratigraphy, age models, B4:4–5

J

joints
contour plots, A4:126
igneous units, A4:36
pyroxene gabbro, A4:125

K

kaolinite, sediments, A5:19
kaolinite/chlorite ratio, vs. depth, A5:63

L

laminations, parallel, photograph, A5:52
laminations, photograph, A4:76–77, 121
lanthanum, basalt, B9:9–10
lanthanum/samarium ratio
vs. hafnium/tantalum ratio, B1:11–12; B9:30–31
vs. magnesium number, B9:26–27
laumontite, alteration, A4:33
lightness, vs. depth, A4:74; A5:49
limestone
photograph, A5:54
photomicrograph, A5:55
limestone, lithified, photograph, A6:32
limestone, peloidal, sedimentation, A5:15
lipids, Archaeal, sediments, B8:6–11
lithification, photograph, A5:54
lithium
deformation, A5:33
geochemical cycles, B6:11
pore water, A4:47; A5:31–32; A6:17
vs. depth, A1:51, 62; A4:70, 147; A5:45, 84; B1:44; B6:22
lithium isotopes
hydrothermal alteration, B1:17–18; B5:5–7
pore fluids, B5:20
vs. depth, B5:18
lithologic units
Unit U4A, A4:26–28
Unit U4B, A4:28–33
Unit U4B-1, A4:29
Unit U4B-2, A4:29
Unit U4B-3, A4:29
Unit U4B-4, A4:29–30
Unit U4B-5, A4:30
Unit U4B-6, A4:30
Unit U4B-7, A4:30–31
vs. depth, A4:79
X-ray diffraction data, A6:11
lithology
décollement zone, A6:35
summary, A1:46; B1:40; B7:27
vs. depth, A4:74; A5:45, 49
lithostratigraphy
Site 1253, A1:17–18; A4:3, 19–26
Site 1254, A1:27–28; A5:2–3, 13–19
Site 1255, A1:34; A6:2, 7–11
loss on ignition, igneous rocks, B9:7
Lowrie-Fuller tests, hemipelagic sediments and igneous rocks, A4:43–44
Lowrie's tests
hemipelagic sediments, A4:43
saturation remanent magnetization, A4:139

M

magmatic contacts
contour plots, A4:126
gabbro, A4:29–35
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
igneous units, A4:36
photograph, A4:87–88, 95–98, 100–101
photomicrograph, A4:109
pyroxene gabbro, A4:125
vs. depth, A4:87–88, 93–98, 100–104
magmatism, plate tectonics, B1:12
magnesium
pore water, A4:46–47; A5:30; A6:15
sediments, A4:24
vs. depth, A4:146; A5:83
magnesium/calcium ratio
pore water, A4:46–47
vs. depth, A4:146; A5:83
magnesium number
crystal accumulation, B9:12
gabbro, A4:34–35
vs. calcium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio, A4:116
vs. minor elements, B9:26–27
vs. trace elements, B9:26–27
magnesium oxide
alkalis-iron-magnesium diagram, B9:24
gabbro, A4:34
sediments, A5:17
vs. depth, A4:83, 114; A5:60
See also iron oxide/magnesium oxide ratio
magnetic declination
sediments, A5:25–26; A6:13
vs. depth, A5:77–78; A6:41
magnetic domains
demagnetization, A4:140–141
magnetization ratio, A4:140–141
magnetic field, downhole measurements, A4:64
magnetic inclination
gabbro, A4:43, 143
sediments, A4:42, 143; A5:25–26; A6:13
vs. depth, A4:137; A5:76–78; A6:41
magnetic intensity
gabbro, A4:43
isothermal remanent magnetization, A4:139
saturation remanent magnetization, A4:139
sediments, A5:26; A6:13
vs. depth, A4:137–139, 168; A5:77–80; A6:42
magnetic intensity, demagnetization/natural remanent ratio, vs. depth, A4:138; A5:79
magnetic polarity
gabbro, A4:43
sediments, A4:41–42; A6:14
vs. depth, A4:71–72, 88, 94, 96, 98, 101, 103–104
magnetic susceptibility
lithology, A4:40
sediments, A5:24, 26–27; A6:12–13
vs. depth, A4:136; A5:75, 80; A6:40, 42
magnetite
gabbro, A4:42
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
photomicrograph, A1:57; A4:89
magnetization ratio, magnetic domains, A4:140–141
major elements
gabbro, A4:33–35
igneous rocks, B9:7–8, 35–38
sediments, A4:23–24; A6:10; B3:14–15
sediments and tephra, A5:94, 16–18
tephra, A4:25
vs. depth, A4:114
manganese
microbial activity, B8:6–11
microbial divergence indexes, B8:10
pore water, A4:47; A5:31; A6:16
vs. depth, A4:145; A5:85
See also aluminum/(aluminum + iron + manganese) ratio; iron-manganese oxides
manganese oxide
microbial activity, B8:7–8
sediments, A4:24
mantle, upper, hotspots, B9:12–13
mass accumulation rates, middle Miocene, B1:14–15
mass flows, parallel laminations, A4:20
medium resistivity logs, vs. depth, A4:163
melting, overprinting, B9:12–13
melts, gabbro, A4:31–32
menaquinones. See ubiquinones/menaquinones ratio
mesolite
alteration, A4:33
photomicrograph, A1:58; A4:113
X-ray diffraction data, A4:111
metalliferous sediment index, vs. depth, B3:10
metamorphic petrology, A1:18–19; A4:3–4, 27–35
methane
deformation, A5:33
geochemical cycles, B6:1–26
sediments, A5:34–35; A6:18–19
vs. depth, A4:148; A5:86–87; A6:43; B6:23
See also anaerobic methane oxidation
methane/propane ratio, sediments, A5:35
mica, lithology, A6:8–9
microbial activity, sediments, B8:6–11
microbial communities, chemosynthetic, organic carbon, B8:10
microbial divergence index
quinones, B8:9–10
vs. bioenergetic divergence index, B8:22
vs. depth, B8:21
microbiology
Site 1253, A1:21; A4:6–7, 49–53
Site 1254, A1:32; A5:7, 36
Site 1255, A1:35; A6:3, 19–20
microfaults, vs. depth, A4:120
microspheres, microbiology, A5:113
Middle America Subduction Zone, plate tectonics, A1:6–10
Middle America Trench
bathymetric map, A1:43
geochemistry, B5:1–21
plate tectonics, A1:10
miniaturized temperature loggers
calibration, B12:11
construction, B12:10
installation, B12:1–20
minor elements, vs. magnesium number, B9:26–27
Miocene
geologic timescale, B14:19
quinones, B8:18
Miocene, middle
age vs. depth, B4:16
biostratigraphy, B1:14–15
isotope stratigraphy, B4:4–5
tephra, A4:26
Miocene, upper, nannofossil biostratigraphy, B14:1–26
MK4, microbial divergence indexes, B8:9
MK5, microbial divergence indexes, B8:9
multidomain grains, gabbro, A4:42

N

nannofossil datums, middle Miocene, B1:15
nannofossils
lithology, A6:9
smear slides, A5:14–15
vs. age, B14:20
vs. depth, A4:79; A5:53; A6:28
nannofossils, calcareous, biostratigraphy, B14:1–26
Nazca plate. See Cocos-Nazca spreading center
neodymium isotopes
igneous rocks, B1:11; B9:8–9
metalliferous sediments, B1:17–18
vs. strontium isotopes, B9:29
neutron porosity logs, vs. depth, A1:55–56; A4:71–73, 162
Nicaragua, subduction factory, A1:5–6
nickel
gabbro, A4:34–35
sediments, A6:10
vs. calcium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio, A4:117
Nicoya, subduction factory, A1:5–6
nitrogen
fluid mobility tracers, B7:11–12
organic matter, A5:36
subduction recycling, B1:23–24
wedge sediments, B7:1–38
See also carbon-nitrogen evidence
nitrogen, total
effects of storage and pretreatment, B7:21–23, 38
sediments, A4:180; A5:111; A6:54; B7:5–14, 34–35
vs. depth, B7:28
vs. nitrogen isotopes, B7:31
nitrogen flux, subduction, B7:12–13
nitrogen isotopes
effects of storage and pretreatment, B7:22–23, 36, 38
seafloor sediments, B7:6–7
sediments, B7:5–14, 34–35
vs. carbon isotopes, B7:32
vs. depth, B7:28
vs. total nitrogen, B7:31
nitrogen reservoirs, seafloor sediments, B7:6–7

O

oceanic plates, hydrology, B6:3
octadecanoic acid, gas chromatograms, B8:17
olivine
alteration, A4:32–33
photomicrograph, A1:57; A4:92, 110
titanium oxide vs. vanadium, B9:25
ooze, calcareous, quinones, B8:18
ooze, diatomaceous, quinones, B8:18
opal, diagenesis, A5:18–19
organic matter
composition, A5:36
diagenesis, B2:6–7
sediments, A6:19
orthopyroxene, gabbro sills, A4:27–28
OsmoFlowmeter, CORK-II, A2:5–6, 21–22
OsmoSamplers
CORK-II, A2:3–5, 15–20, 22; B1:14
miniaturized temperature loggers, B12:12
overthrust forearc wedge sequences, redeposition, A6:9
overthrust section, temperature, B12:19
oxidation
geochemical cycles, B6:1–26
See also anaerobic methane oxidation
oxygen isotopes
subducting pelagic sections, B4:1–18
vs. depth, B4:9–13, 15; B7:30

P

Pacific Ocean E central, bathymetric map, A1:42
palagonite
gabbro, A4:31–32
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
redeposition, A6:9
stratigraphy, A5:15–16
palagonitization
igneous rocks, B1:12–13
tephra, A4:20, 25
paleolatitude, discrete samples, A4:44–45
paleomagnetism
gabbro, A4:42–43
sediments, A4:41–42
Site 1253, A1:20; A4:5–6, 41–45
Site 1254, A1:30; A5:5, 25–27
Site 1255, A1:35; A6:3, 13–14
particulate tracers, contamination, A4:51–52
pelagic component, isotope stratigraphy, B4:4–5
pelagic facies, lithology, A4:20
peloids, sedimentation, A5:15
pelsparite, photomicrograph, A5:55
pentadecanoic acid, gas chromatograms, B8:17
perfluorocarbon tracers, contamination, A4:50–51
permeability
flow-through data, B1:29; B10:10, 16–17
geochemical cycles, B6:1–26
Stoneley waves, B13:6–9
subducting sediments, B10:1–24; B11:1–13
test results, B11:11–12
vs. fractional porosity, B10:11–12; B11:10
petrogenesis, igneous rocks, B9:10–11
petrography, gabbro, A4:31–32
phenocrysts
gabbro, A4:31–32
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
phillipsite
alteration, A4:33
X-ray diffraction data, A4:112
phosphate
geochemical cycles, B6:9
vs. depth, B6:20
phospholipid fatty acids
sediments, B8:6–11, 24
vs. depth, B8:18–20
vs. time, B8:17
photoelectric effect logs, vs. depth, A4:161
physical properties
Site 1040, B1:24–25
Site 1253, A1:20; A4:5, 37–41
Site 1254, A1:32; A5:7, 22–25
Site 1255, A1:36; A6:4, 12–13
plagioclase
gabbro, A4:29
photomicrograph, A1:57; A4:89–90, 92, 99, 106–110, 113
tephra, A4:23
titanium oxide vs. vanadium, B9:25
vs. depth, A4:87–88, 93–98, 100–104
plagioclase aggregates
gabbro, A4:28–35
lithologic units, A4:26–28
plagioclase morphology, vs. depth, A4:87–88, 93–98, 100–104
Planolites
lithology, A4:21
photograph, A4:75
plate tectonics, oceanic, convergent margins, A1:7–8; B1:3–5
plate tectonics, subduction zones, A1:1–3
Pleistocene
forearc wedges, B1:16
geologic timescale, B14:19
nannofossil biostratigraphy, B14:1–26
quinones, B8:19
Pliocene
forearc wedges, B1:16
geologic timescale, B14:19
nannofossil biostratigraphy, B14:1–26
quinones, B8:19
plume-ridge interaction, off-axis, igneous complex, B9:1–38
plumes, overprinting, B9:12–13
polymerase chain reaction, contamination, A4:52–53
pore pressure
décollement zone, A1:13
vs. depth, A1:52
pore water
geochemistry, A4:46–48, 177–178; A5:28–33, 107–108; A6:14–17, 50–51; B1:18–21; B2:5; B5:1–21
hydrology, B6:1–26
porosity
geochemical cycles, B1:29; B6:1–26
lithology, A4:37–38
sediments, A5:23–24; A6:12
vs. compressional wave velocity, A4:134
vs. depth, A4:130; A5:45, 70, 73; A6:37; B6:21, 23; B9:22
porosity, fractional
carbonates, B10:14
vs. permeability, B10:11–12; B11:10
porosity logs
lithology, A4:61–62
vs. depth, A1:55–56; A4:71–73, 162; B13:13
See also neutron porosity logs
potassium
geothermal gradient, A5:32–33
pore water, A4:46; A5:29–30; A6:15
sediments, A4:24
vs. depth, A4:144; A5:82; B5:13; B6:22
potassium logs, vs. depth, A4:161
potassium oxide
sediments, A4:24; A5:17; A6:10
tephra, A5:18
vs. depth, A4:84; A5:59
vs. magnesium number, B9:26–27
vs. silica, A5:61
See also sodium oxide + potassium oxide
pressure
CORK-II, A2:7–8, 25–26
Davis-Villinger probe, A4:55–57; A5:37–39
incoming plate, B1:26–28
vs. time, A4:155, 157–158; A5:88–91; B1:52–53; B10:10
pressure-temperature conditions, Davis-Villinger probe, A4:55–57; A5:37–39
prism fault zones, deformation, A5:20
prism wedges
fluid flow, B6:7–8, 11–13
hydrology, B6:1–26
productivity index, sediments, A5:112
propane
geochemical cycles, B1:20; B6:12
sediments, A5:35; A6:18–19
vs. depth, A1:51; A5:45, 86–87; A6:43; B1:44; B6:22
See also methane/propane ratio
Proteobacteria, microbial divergence indexes, B8:9
pyroxene
gabbro, A4:29
vs. depth, A4:87–88, 93–98, 100–104

Q

quartz
lithology, A6:8–9
photomicrograph, A5:55
tephra, A4:23
See also cristobalite/quartz ratio
quinones
microbial divergence indexes, B1:24; B8:9–10, 25–26
sediments, B8:6–11
vs. depth, B8:18–21

R

radiolarians, photomicrograph, A5:51
rare earths
crystal accumulation, B9:12, 32
igneous rocks, B9:7
rare earths, chondrite-normalized, igneous rocks, B9:28
reaction fronts, décollement, B6:8–9, 13–14
recrystallization, photograph, A6:32
redeposition
blocks, A6:9
parallel laminations, A4:20
photograph, A5:54
Redfield ratio, sediments, A6:19
remanent magnetization, anhysteretic, hemipelagic sediments and igneous rocks, A4:43–44
remanent magnetization, isothermal
magnetic intensity, A4:139
sediments, A4:41–42
remanent magnetization, natural
gabbro, A4:42–43
sediments, A4:41–42; A5:25–26
vs. depth, A4:138
remanent magnetization, postdepositional, sediments, A4:42
remanent magnetization, saturation, magnetic intensity, A4:139
remanent magnetization, saturation isothermal
hemipelagic sediments, A4:43
hemipelagic sediments and igneous rocks, A4:43–44
remanent magnetization, thermal, hemipelagic sediments and igneous rocks, A4:43–44
resistivity logs
lithology, A4:62
See also deep resistivity logs; medium resistivity logs; shallow resistivity logs
reverse grading, photograph, A5:56
Riedel shear surfaces
sediments, A5:20
stereographic projection, A5:66
Rock-Eval data, sediments, A5:112; A6:55
rock magnetism, sediments and igneous rocks, A4:43–44
rubidium
pore fluids and sediments, B5:5–7, 21
vs. depth, B5:12–15

S

salinity
geochemical cycles, B6:26
pore water, A4:46; A5:28–29; A6:14–15
vs. depth, A5:82
samarium
basalt, B9:9–10
See also lanthanum/samarium ratio
sand
photograph, A5:52
vs. depth, A4:79; A5:53; A6:28
sand, silty, quinones, B8:19
sand-silt intervals, lithology, A6:8–9
sandstone, lithology, A6:8–9
sandstone, micritic, photomicrograph, A5:55
saponite
alteration, A4:32–33
gabbro sills, A4:28
tephra, A4:23
scolecite
alteration, A4:33
X-ray diffraction data, A4:111
seawater, contamination, A4:181–182
sediment sources
carbon-nitrogen evidence, B7:8–11
total organic carbon/total nitrogen ratio, B7:8–11
sedimentation rates, age vs. depth, Site 1053, B4:4–5
sediments
barium cycles, B2:8–9, 20–21
chemical composition, A4:172
contamination, A4:50–53
geochemistry, A1:17–18; A5:16–17; A6:10, 45; B1:21–23; B5:1–21
magnetic inclination, A4:143
paleomagnetism, A4:41–42
photograph, A6:27
Rock-Eval data, A6:55
smear slides, A4:21–22; A5:14–15
structures, A4:35–36
X-ray diffraction data, A4:22–23, 170–171; A5:18–19, 95–103; A6:11, 46–49
sediments, clastic, underthrusting, A6:9
sediments, forearc prism, photograph, A1:67
sediments, hemipelagic
permeability and consolidation, B10:1–24; B11:1–13
photograph, A1:68
rock magnetism, A4:43–44
subduction factory, Central America, A1:5–6
sediments, metalliferous
geochemistry, B1:16–17
See also metalliferous sediment index
sediments, pelagic, permeability and consolidation, B10:1–24; B11:1–13
sediments, subducting, permeability and consolidation, B10:1–24; B11:1–13
sediments, subseafloor, habitability, B8:1–26
sediments, wedge, carbon and nitrogen geochemistry, B7:1–38
seismic profiles
Middle America Trench, A1:47; B1:4, 42; B6:18; B7:26, 33; B8:16; B9:21; B10:7; B14:14
Site 1043, A1:71
Site 1253, A1:54; A4:68; B2:15; B4:8
Site 1254, A1:65; A5:44; B2:15
Site 1255, A1:71; A6:24
seismogenic zones, subduction zones, A1:5–6; B1:13–14
sensitivity analysis, geochemical cycles, B6:12
shallow resistivity logs, vs. depth, A1:55–56; A4:71–72, 163; B9:22
shear wave velocity
fractures, B13:7
vs. depth, B13:17
shear wave velocity logs, vs. depth, A4:164
shear zones
igneous units, A4:36
photograph, A5:47–48
quinones, B8:22
sediments, A5:20
shear zones, brittle, stereographic projection, A5:69
shear zones, conjugate brittle
photograph, A4:127
stereographic plot, A4:129
silica
diagenesis, A4:21
gabbro, A4:33
pore water, A4:47; A5:32; A6:17
sediments, A4:23; A5:17; A6:10
tephra, A4:25
vs. depth, A1:62; A4:70, 82, 147; A5:58
vs. potassium oxide, A5:61
vs. sodium oxide + potassium oxide, B9:23
silica, biogenic, titanium/aluminum ratio, B3:4
silicon, vs. depth, A5:84
sills
age, B1:15–16
emplacement, B9:12–13
pore water, A4:47–48
silt
photograph, A5:50; A6:30
redeposition, A6:9
See also sand-silt intervals
silt, palagonitic, photomicrograph, A6:29
silt, volcanic, photomicrograph, A6:29
siltstone
diagenesis, A6:10
photomicrograph, A5:51; A6:29
siltstone, lithified, photograph, A6:34
Site 574, stable isotopes, B4:14–15
Site 1039
barium, B2:16
carbon and oxygen isotopes, B4:1–18
pore fluid geochemistry, B1:43
seismic profiles, A1:54
stable isotopes, B4:1–18
stratigraphy, B14:16
Site 1039/Site 1253
lithology, B6:19
pore fluid geochemistry, B5:3–4
stratigraphy, B14:16
sulfate, B6:21
Site 1040
barium, B2:16
carbon and nitrogen geochemistry of wedge sediments, B7:1–38
carbon and oxygen isotopes, B4:1–18
permeability, B11:1–13
seismic profiles, A1:65
stratigraphy, B14:17
Site 1040/Site 1254
lithology, B6:19
pore fluid geochemistry, B5:4
pore water data, B6:22
reaction fronts, B6:23
stratigraphy, B14:17
Site 1043
seismic profiles, A1:71
stratigraphy, B14:18
Site 1043/Site 1255
fluid flow, B6:22
lithology, B6:19
pore fluid geochemistry, B5:4
pore water data, B6:22
reaction fronts, B6:23
stratigraphy, B14:18
underthrust sediments, B6:22
Site 1253, A4:1–184
alteration, A1:18–19
altered sediments, B3:1–16
Alvin submersible postcruise visit to CORK-II, A1:36–37; A2:12–13
barium, B2:16
borehole installation, B1:45
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B14:1–26
calcareous nannofossil range and zonation, B14:22
carbon and oxygen isotopes, B4:1–18
coring summary, A4:169
CORK-II, A1:25–26; A2:11; A4:11
downhole logging, A1:22–23; A4:7–9, 58–64; B13:13
downhole measurements, A1:22; A4:7, 53–57
fluid flow, A1:23–24; A4:9
igneous and metamorphic petrology, A1:18–19; A4:3–4, 27–35
igneous stratigraphy, A1:24–25; A4:9–10; B9:1–38
inorganic geochemistry, A1:20–21; A4:6, 45–48
lithostratigraphy, A1:17–18; A4:3, 19–26
location, A4:67
microbiology, A1:21; A4:6–7, 49–53
monitoring of incoming plate, B1:26–28
operations, A4:11–19
organic geochemistry, A1:21; A4:6, 48–49
paleomagnetism, A1:20; A4:5–6, 41–45
permeability and consolidation, B10:1–24; B11:1–13
phospholipid fatty acids, B8:18
physical properties, A1:20; A4:5, 37–41
reference site, A1:13–15
science objectives, A1:13–15
sediment geochemistry, A1:17–18; A4:3
seismic profiles, A1:54
site description, A4:1–184
site summary, A1:16–26; A4:1–11
stratigraphy, B14:16
structural geology, A1:19; A4:4–5, 35–36
temperature, B12:1–20
Site 1254, A5:1–113
Alvin submersible postcruise visit to CORK-II, A2:12–13
barium, B2:16
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B14:1–26
calcareous nannofossil range and zonation, B14:23–24
coring summary, A5:92
data summary, A1:66
downhole measurements, A1:32–33; A5:7–8, 37–39
inorganic geochemistry, A1:30–32; A5:5–7, 27–33
lithostratigraphy, A1:27–28; A5:2–3, 13–19
location, A1:64; A5:42–43
microbiology, A1:32; A5:7, 36
operations, A5:8–13
organic geochemistry, A1:32; A5:7, 33–36
paleomagnetism, A1:30; A5:5, 25–27
permeability and consolidation, B10:1–24
phospholipid fatty acids, B8:19
physical properties, A1:32; A5:7, 22–25
quinones, B8:21
science objectives, A1:15–16
seismic profiles, A1:65
site description, A5:1–113
site summary, A5:1–8
stratigraphy, B14:17
structural geology, A1:28–30; A5:3–5, 20–22
Site 1255, A6:1–55
Alvin submersible postcruise visit to CORK-II, A1:36–37
borehole installation, B1:46
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B14:1–26
calcareous nannofossil range and zonation, B14:25
coring summary, A6:44
CORK-II, A1:36; A2:11–12; A6:4, 26
inorganic geochemistry, A1:35; A6:3, 14–17
lithostratigraphy, A1:34; A6:2, 7–11
location, A1:70; A6:22–23
microbiology, A1:35; A6:3, 19–20
operations, A6:4–7
organic geochemistry, A1:34–35; A6:2–3, 18–19
paleomagnetism, A1:35; A6:3, 13
permeability and consolidation, B10:1–24; B11:1–13
phospholipid fatty acids, B8:20
physical properties, A1:36; A6:4, 12
science objectives, A1:15–16
seismic profiles, A1:71
site description, A6:1–55
site summary, A6:1–4
stratigraphy, B14:18
structural geology, A1:34; A6:2, 11
temperature, B12:1–20
slickenlines, vs. depth, A5:64
slickensides, vs. depth, A5:64
smear slides, sediments, A4:21–22; A5:14–15
smectite
sediments, A4:22; A5:19
tephra, A4:23
vs. depth, A5:63
smectite-illite clays, sediments, A4:22
sodium
pore water, A4:46; A5:29; A6:15
vs. depth, A4:144; A5:82
sodium/chloride ratio
pore water, A5:29
vs. depth, A4:144
sodium oxide
gabbro, A4:34
sediments, A4:24
vs. depth, A4:84, 114; A5:59
vs. strontium, A4:119
sodium oxide + potassium oxide
alkalis-iron-magnesium diagram, B9:24
vs. silica, B9:23
sponge spicules
photograph, A4:77
photomicrograph, A4:78
stable isotopes
sediments, B1:21–23
subducting pelagic sections, B4:1–18
stilbite
alteration, A4:33
photomicrograph, A1:61; A4:113
X-ray diffraction data, A4:112
Stoneley velocity logs, vs. depth, A4:164; B1:48
Stoneley wave energy estimated loss, vs. depth, B13:18–20
Stoneley wave velocity, vs. depth, B13:18–19
Stoneley waves
fracture density, B13:1–22
permeability, B13:6–9
stratigraphy, igneous rocks, B9:7
stress, effective
test results, B11:11–12
vs. void ratio, B10:9
strontium
pore water, A4:46–47; A5:30; A6:15–16
sediments, A4:24; A5:17
vs. depth, A1:50, 62; A4:70, 83, 114, 146; A5:60, 83; B1:43; B6:20
vs. sodium oxide, A4:119
strontium isotopes
igneous rocks, B1:13; B9:8–9
pore fluids, B5:5–7, 20
pore water, B1:43
vs. 1/strontium ratio, B5:17
vs. depth, A1:50; B1:43, 49; B5:19
vs. neodymium isotopes, B9:29
structural geology
Site 1253, A1:19; A4:4–5, 35–36
Site 1254, A1:28–30; A5:3–5, 20–22
Site 1255, A1:34; A6:2, 11
structures
décollement zone, A6:35
gabbro, A4:36
sediments, A4:35–36; A5:104–106
vs. depth, A5:64; B1:44
subduction factory
nitrogen flux, B7:12–13
seismogenic zones, A1:5–6; B1:13–14, 28–29
subduction flux, fluid flow, B1:1–54
subduction recycling, geochemistry, B1:23–24
subduction zones
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B14:1–26
Central America, A1:1–3
CORK-II, A2:1–36
seismogenic zones, A1:5–6
sulfate
geochemical cycles, B6:9–14
microbial divergence indexes, B8:10
pore water, A4:46; A5:30–31; A6:16; B1:18–19
vs. depth, A1:62; A4:70, 145; A5:85; B1:51; B2:16; B6:20–21, 23
sulfate depletion zone
barium, B2:7
pore water, A5:30–31
sulfur, total
sediments, A4:180; A5:35, 111; A6:19, 54
sediments and igneous rocks, A4:48–49
sulfur, vs. depth, A4:149; A5:88

T

tantalum
igneous rocks, B9:9–11
See also hafnium/tantalum ratio
temperature
CORK-II, A2:6–7, 23
data logger, A4:154
Davis-Villinger probe, A4:55–57; A5:37–39
high-resolution methods, A4:53–55
incoming plate, B1:26–28
long-term measurements, B12:1–20
vs. depth, A4:156
vs. time, A4:152, 155, 157–158; A5:88–91; B1:52; B12:14–18
vs. water depth, A4:153
See also conductivity-temperature-depth; pressure-temperature conditions
temperature events, long-term measurements, B12:5–6
tephra
geochemistry, B1:17–18
grain size, A5:57
lithology, A4:20; A6:10
location, A5:93
photograph, A5:56
photomicrograph, A4:85
stratigraphy, A5:15–16
tholeiite, A5:61
textures, gabbro sills, A4:27–28
thermal conductivity
lithology, A4:38–39
vs. depth, A4:133
tholeiite, tephra, A5:61
thomsonite
alteration, A4:33
photomicrograph, A1:58; A4:113
thorium logs, vs. depth, A4:161
titanium, sediments, B3:4
titanium/aluminum ratio
sediments, A4:23; A5:17; B3:4
vs. calcium carbonate, B3:8
vs. depth, A4:82; A5:58; B3:7
vs. iron oxide, B3:9
titanium oxide
gabbro, A4:34
sediments, A4:23; A5:17
tephra, A4:25
vs. depth, A4:82, 114; A5:58
vs. vanadium, A4:115; B9:25
See also vanadium/titanium oxide ratio
trace elements
gabbro, A4:33–35
igneous rocks, B1:14; B9:9–10, 35–38
sediments, A4:23–24; A6:10; B3:14–15
sediments and tephra, A5:94, 16–18
tephra, A4:25
vs. depth, A4:114
vs. magnesium number, B9:26–27
trace fossils, lithology, A4:21
transition metals, sediments, B3:4
transport-reaction model, hydrology, B6:1–26
turbidite, trench, photograph, A6:31

U

ubiquinones, microbial divergence indexes, B8:9–10
ubiquinones/menaquinones ratio, vs. depth, B8:18–20
underplating, plate tectonics, A1:8–10; B1:6
underthrusting
brecciation, A6:11
clastic sediments, A6:9
hydrology, B1:5–7; B6:4–5
photograph, A1:67; A5:46
quinones, B8:20
uranium logs, vs. depth, A4:161

V

vanadium
gabbro, A4:34
sediments, B3:4
vs. depth, A4:114
vs. titanium oxide, A4:115; B9:25
vanadium/titanium oxide ratio, vs. magnesium number, B9:26–27
veins
gabbro, A4:29
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
photograph, A4:87–88, 91, 93–96, 100–101, 104
photomicrograph, A1:58, 61
vs. depth, A4:87–88, 93–98, 100–104
veins, magmatic
contour plots, A4:126
pyroxene gabbro, A4:125
velocity, acoustic, lithology, A4:39
velocity logs
lithology, A4:62–63
vs. depth, A1:55–56; A4:71–73, 162, 164; B9:22; B13:13
See also compressional wave velocity logs
void ratio, vs. effective stress, B10:9
voids
gabbro, A4:29
gabbro sills, A4:27–28
photograph, A4:93–94, 97–98, 102–103
vs. depth, A4:87–88, 93–98, 100–104
volcanic ash
alteration, A1:11–13
geochemistry, B1:17–18
photograph, A4:80
photomicrograph, A4:78; A5:51
stratigraphy, A5:15–16
titanium/aluminum ratio, B3:4
volcanic ash, altered, photograph, A5:50
volcanic glass
alteration, A4:32–33; A6:10
lithology, A6:9
photomicrograph, A4:90, 108
tephra, A4:20
vs. depth, A4:79; A5:53; A6:28
volcanic glass, altered, gabbro sills, A4:27–28
volcanic glass, palagonitized, photomicrograph, A4:85
volcanic glass, xenomorphic, gabbro sills, A4:27–28
volcanic rocks, altered, photomicrograph, A5:55
volcanics, lithology, A6:10
volcanism
subduction factory, A1:5–6
tephra, A4:26

W

wackestone fragments, redeposition, A6:9
water budget, hydrothermal circulation, B6:11
waveforms, borehole diameter, B13:6
weathering, photomicrograph, A4:110
well-logging
summary diagram, A4:159, 184
See also downhole logging

X

X-ray diffraction data
clays, A5:102–103
igneous rocks, A4:173
sediments, A4:22–23, 170–171; A5:18–19, 95–103; A6:11, 46–49

Y

yttrium, vs. depth, A4:114

Z

zeolites
alteration, A4:33
gabbro sills, A4:28
photograph, A1:58–59; A4:80, 87–88, 95–98
photomicrograph, A1:61; A4:78, 113
X-ray diffraction data, A4:111–112
Zijderveld diagrams, discrete samples, A4:142; A5:81
zinc
sediments, B3:4
vs. barium, B3:11
zirconium
gabbro, A4:34–35
vs. chromium, A4:118
vs. depth, A4:114
Zoophycos
lithology, A4:21
photograph, A4:81

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