|
Species event
|
Zone/subzone
(base) |
Age
(Ma) |
Reference
|
|---|---|---|---|
| LO Truncorotalia tosaensis | PT1b | 0.7 | 1 |
| Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary |
|
1.8 | 8 |
| LO Globigerinoides fistulosus | PT1a | 1.9 | 3 |
| FO Truncorotalia truncatulinoides | N22 | 1.9 | 3 |
| LO Globorotalia pseudomiocenica (Indo-Pacific only) | PL6 | 2.3 | 2 |
| LO Globoturborotalia woodi |
|
2.3 | 3 |
| LO Dentoglobigerina altispira | PL5 | 3.1 | 3 |
| LO Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina | PL4 | 3.1 | 3 |
| FO Globigerinelloides fistulosus |
|
3.3 | 1 |
| FO Truncorotalia tosaensis | N21 | 3.4 | 1 |
| LO Pulleniatina primalis |
|
3.7 | 1 |
| LO Globorotalia margaritae | PL3 | 3.9 | 3 |
| FO Globorotalia crassaformis |
|
4.3 | 3 |
| LO Pulleniatina spectabilis |
|
4.3 | 4 |
| LO Globoturborotalita nepenthes | PL2 | 4.4 | 3 |
| LO Globorotalia cibaoensis | PL1b | 4.6 | 2 |
| Miocene/Pliocene boundary |
|
5.3 | 9 |
| FO Sphaeroidinella dehiscens s.l. | N19 | 5.5 | 3 |
| FO Globorotalia tumida | N18/PL1a | 5.8 | 3 |
| LO Globorotalia lenguaensis | M14 | 6.0 | 2 |
| FO Pulleniatina primalis |
|
6.4 | 2 |
| FO Globorotalia conomiozea |
|
7.1 (6.9) | 2 |
| FO Globigerinoides extremus |
|
8.6 | 3 |
| FO Globorotalia plesiotumida | N17/M13b | 8.6 | 3 |
| FO Neogloboquadrina acostaensis | N16/M13a | 9.8 | 3 |
| LO Paragloborotalia mayeri | N15/M12 | 10.5 | 3 |
| FO Globoturborotalita nepenthes | N14/M11 | 11.2 | 3 |
| LO Fohsella fohsi s.l. (including fohsi lobata and fohsi robusta) | N13/M10 | 11.7 | 3 |
| FO Globorotalia lenguaensis |
|
12.9 | 3 |
| FO Fohsella fohsi robusta |
|
13.2 | 3 |
| FO Fohsella fohsi s.l. | N12/M8 | 13.4 | 3 |
| FO Fohsella praefohsi | N11 | 14.0 | 5 |
| FO Fohsella peripheroacuta | N10/M7 | 14.7 | 5 |
| FO Orbulina spp. | N9/M6 | 15.1 | 5 |
| FO Praeorbulina glomerosa | M5b | 16.1 | 5 |
| FO Praeorbulina sicana | N8/M5a | 16.4 | 5 |
| FO Globorotalia miozea |
|
16.7 | 2 |
| LO Catapsydrax dissimilis | N7/M4a | 17.3 | 5 |
| FO Globorotalia praescitula |
|
18.5 | 2 |
| FO Globigerinatella insueta | N6/M3 | 18.8 | 2 |
| LO Globoquadrina binaiensis |
|
19.1 | 5 |
| FO Globigerinoides altiapertura |
|
20.5 | 2 |
| LO Tenuitella munda |
|
21.5 | 2 |
| LO Paragloborotalia kugleri | N5/M2 | 21.5 | 2 |
| FO Globorotalia incognita |
|
21.6 | 2 |
| LO Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri |
|
21.6 | 2 |
| LO "Globigerina" angulisuturalis |
|
21.6 | 2 |
| LO Globoquadrina globularis |
|
22.8 | 2 |
| FO Globoquadrina dehiscens | M1b | 23.2 | 2 |
| FO Globigerinoides trilobus s.l. |
|
23.4 | 5 |
| Oligocene/Miocene boundary |
|
23.8 | 2 |
| FO Paragloborotalia kugleri | N4/M1a | 23.8 | 2 |
| LO Globigerina euapertura |
|
23.8 | 2 |
| LO Tenutitella gemma |
|
24.3 | 2 |
| FO Globigerinoides primordius (common) |
|
24.3 | 2 |
| FO Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri |
|
25.9 | 2 |
| FO Globigerinoides primordius |
|
26.7 | 2 |
| LO Globigerina labiacrassata |
|
27.1 | 2 |
| LO Paragloborotalia opima | P22 | 27.1 | 2 |
| LO Ch. cubensis (common) | P21b | 28.5 | 2 |
| FO "Globigerina" angulisuturalis | P21a | 29.4 | 2 |
| LO Subbotina angiporoides |
|
30.0 | 2 |
| LO "Globigerina" ampliapertura | P20 | 30.3 | 2 |
| FO Paragloborotalia opima |
|
30.6 | 2 |
| LO Pseudohastigerina spp. | P19 | 32.0 | 2 |
| FO Cassigerinella chipolensis |
|
33.7 | 2 |
| Eocene/Oligocene boundary |
|
33.7 | 2 |
| LO Hantkenina spp. |
|
33.7 | 2 |
| LO Turborotalia cerroazulensis | P18 | 33.8 | 2 |
| LO Cribrohantkenina inflata | P17 | 34.0 | 2 |
| LO Globigerinatheka index |
|
34.3 | 2 |
| FO Turborotalia cunialensis | P16 | 35.2 | 2 |
| LO Turborotalia pomeroli |
|
35.3 | 2 |
| LO Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta |
|
35.3 | 2 |
| FO Cribrohantkenina inflata |
|
35.5 | 2 |
| LO Acarinina collactea |
|
37.7 | 2 |
| LO Subbotina linaperta |
|
37.7 | 2 |
| LO Morozovella spinulosa |
|
38.1 | 2 |
| FO Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta | P15 | 38.4 | 2 |
| LO Planorotalites |
|
38.5 | 2 |
| LO Acarinina primitiva |
|
39.0 | 2 |
| LO Subbotina frontosa |
|
39.3 | 2 |
| LO Globigerinatheka beckmanni | P14 | 40.1 | 2 |
| FO Globigerinatheka beckmanni | P13 | 40.5 | 2 |
| LO Acarinina bullbrooki |
|
40.5 | 2 |
| FO Turborotalia pomeroli |
|
42.4 | 2 |
| FO Globigerinatheka index |
|
42.9 | 2 |
| FO Morozovella lehneri |
|
43.5 | 2 |
| LO Morozovella aragonensis | P12 | 43.6 | 2 |
| FO Globigerinatheka kugleri | P11 | 45.8 | 2 |
| FO Turborotalia possagnoensis |
|
46.0 | 2 |
| FO Hantkenina nuttalli | P10 | 49.0 | 2 |
| FO Planorotalites palmerae | P9 | 50.4 | 2 |
| LO Morozovella formosa | P8 | 50.8 | 2 |
| FO Acarinina pentacamerata |
|
50.8 | 2 |
| FO Morozovella aragonensis | P7 | 52.3 | 2 |
| LO Morozovella marginodentata |
|
52.5 | 2 |
| LO Morozovella lensiformis |
|
52.7 | 2 |
| LO Subbotina velascoensis |
|
53.5 | 2 |
| LO Morozovella aequa |
|
53.6 | 2 |
| FO Morozovella formosa | P6b | 54.0 | 2 |
| FO Morozovella lensiformis |
|
54.0 | 2 |
| LO Morozovella velascoensis | P6a | 54.7 | 2 |
| LO Morozovella acuta |
|
54.7 | 2 |
| FO Morozovella gracilis |
|
54.7 | 2 |
| FO Igorina broedermanni |
|
54.7 | 2 |
| FO Morozovella marginodentata |
|
54.8 | 2 |
| Paleocene/Eocene boundary |
|
55.0 | 7 |
| FO Globanomalina australiformis |
|
55.5 | 2 |
| FO Morozovella subbotinae |
|
55.9 | 2 |
| LO Globanomalina pseudomenardii | P5 | 55.9 | 2 |
| LO Acarinina nitida (Acarinina acarinata) |
|
56.3 | 2 |
| LO Acarinina mckannai |
|
56.3 | 2 |
| FO Acarinina soldadoensis | P4c | 56.5 | 2 |
| FO Acarinina coalingensis (triplex) |
|
56.5 | 2 |
| FO Morozovella aequa |
|
56.5 | 2 |
| LO Acarinina subsphaerica | P4b | 57.1 | 2 |
| FO Acarinina mckannai |
|
59.1 | 2 |
| FO Acarinina subsphaerica |
|
59.2 | 2 |
| FO Acarinina nitida |
|
59.2 | 2 |
| FO Globanomalina pseudomenardii | P4a | 59.2 | 2 |
| LO Parasubbotina variospira (varianta?) |
|
59.2 | 2 |
| LO Parasubbotina varianta |
|
59.2 | 2, 6 |
| FO Morozovella velascoensis |
|
60.0 | 2 |
| FO Igorina albeari | P3b | 60.0 | 2 |
| FO Acarinina strabocella |
|
60.5 | 6 |
| FO Morozovella conicotruncata |
|
60.9 | 2 |
| FO Morozovella angulata | P3a | 61.0 | 2 |
| FO Igorina pusilla |
|
61.0 | 2 |
| FO Praemurica praeangulata |
|
61.2 | 2 |
| FO Praemurica uncinata | P2 | 61.2 | 2 |
| FO Globoanomalina imitata |
|
61.3 | 2 |
| FO Globanomalina compressa | P1c | 63.0 | 2 |
| FO Praemurica inconstans |
|
63.0 | 2 |
| FO Parasubbotina varianta |
|
63.0 | 2 |
| FO Subbotina triloculinoides | P1b | 64.5 | 2 |
| LO Parvularugoglobigerina extensa |
|
64.9 | 6 |
| LO Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina | P1a | 64.9 | 2 |
| FO Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina | Pa | 65.0 | 2 |
Notes: LO = last occurrence, FO = first occurrence. References: 1 = Berggren et al. (1995b), 2 = Berggren et al. (1995a), 3 = Chaisson and Pearson (1997), 4 = Shackleton et al. (1995), 5 = Pearson and Chaisson (1997), 6 = Olsson et al. (1999), 7 = Norris and Röhl (1999), 8 = Lourens et al. (1996), 9 = Hilgen (1991b).