REFERENCES


Ames, D.E., Franklin, J.M., and Hannington, M.D., 1993. Mineralogy and geochemistry of active and inactive chimneys and massive sulfide, Middle Valley, Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: an evolving hydrothermal system. Can. Min., 31: 997-1024.

Butterfield, D.A., McDuff, R.E., Franklin, J., and Wheat, C.G., 1994. Geochemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 395- 410.

Campbell, A.C., German, C.R., Palmer, M.R., Gamo, T. and Edmond, J.M., 1994. Chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 11, 201-221.

Davis, E.E., and Becker, K., 1994a. Thermal and tectonic structure of the Escanaba Trough: New heat- flow measurements and seismic-reflection profiles, In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 3, 45-64.

Davis, E.E., and Becker, K., 1994b. Formation temperatures and pressures in a sedimented rift hydrothermal system; 10 months of CORK observations, Holes 857D and 858G. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds), Proc ODP Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 649-666.

Davis, E.E., and Fisher, A.T., 1994, On the nature and consequences of hydrothermal circulation in the Middle Valley sedimented rift: Inferences from geophysical observations, ODP Leg 139. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 695-720.

Davis, E.E., and Villinger, H., 1992. Tectonic and thermal structure of the Middle Valley sedimented rift, Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 9-41.

Davis, E.E., Mottl, M.J., Fisher, A.T., et al., 1992. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Goodfellow, W.D., and Peter, J.M., 1994. Geochemistry of hydrothermally altered sediment, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 207-290.

Koski, R.A., Benninger, L.M., Zierenberg, R.A., and Jonasson, I.R., 1994. Composition and growth history of hydrothermal deposits in Escanaba Trough, Southern Gorda Ridge. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 16, 293-324.

Morton, J.L., and Fox, C.G., 1994. Structural setting and interaction of volcanism and sedimentation at Escanaba Trough: Geophysical results. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 2, 21-43.

Normark, W.R., Gutmacher, C.E., Zierenberg, R.A., Wong, F.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1994. Sediment fill of Escanaba Trough. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 6, 91-130.

Rohr, K.M.M., and Schmidt, U., 1994. Seismic structure of Middle Valley near Sites 855-858, Juan de Fuca Ridge, In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 3-18.

Tivey, M.A., 1994, High-resolution magnetic surveys over the Middle Valley mounds, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge, In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 29-38.

Vallier, T.L., Harold, P.J., and Girdley, W.A., 1973, Provenances and dispersal patterns of turbidite sand in Escanaba Trough, northeastern Pacific Ocean. Mar. Geol., 1: 67-87.

Zierenberg, R.A., Koski, R.A., Morton, J.L., Bouse, R.M., Shanks, W.C., III, 1993. Genesis of massive sulfide deposits on a sediment-covered spreading center, Escanaba Trough, 41°N, Gorda Ridge. Econ. Geol., 88:2069-2098.

Zierenberg, R.A., Morton, J.L., Koski, R.A., and Ross, S.L., 1994, Geologic setting of massive sulfide mineralization in the Escanaba Trough. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 10, 171-197.
ture string and the position of the thermistors (black circles).

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