REFERENCES

Binns, R.A., and Scott, S.D., 1993. Actively forming polymetallic sulfide deposits associated with felsic volcanic rocks in the eastern Manus back-arc basin, Papua New Guinea. Econ. Geol., 88:2226–2236.

Binns, R.A., Parr, J.M., Scott, S.D., Gemmell, J.B., and Herzig, P.M., 1995. PACMANUS: An active seafloor hydrothermal field on siliceous volcanic rocks in the Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. In Mauk, J.L. and St George, J.D. (Eds.), Proc. 1995 PACRIM Congress, Australasian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, 49–54.

Binns, R.A., Parr, J.M., Waters, J.S., Gemmell, J.B., Moss, R., Scott, S.D., Naka, J., Charlou, J. L., Gena, K., and Herzig, P.M., 1996a. Actively-forming sulfide deposits at the PACMANUS hydrothermal field, Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Eos, 77:W115–116.

Binns, R.A., Waters, J.C., Carr, G.R., and Whitford, D.J., 1996b. A submarine andesite rhyodacite lineage of arc affinity, Pual Ridge, eastern Manus back-arc basin, Papua New Guinea. Eos, 77:W119–120

Binns, R.A., Scott, S.D., and Gemmell, J.B., 1997a. Modern analogue of a mineral field: Sea floor hydrothermal activity hosted by felsic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Soc. Econ. Geol., Neves Corvo Field Conf., Abstracts and Program, 33.

Binns, R.A., Scott, S.D., Gemmell, J.B., and Crook, K.A.W.C., and Shipboard Party, 1997b. The SuSu Knolls hydrothermal field, Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Eos, 78:F772.

Both, R., Crook, K., Taylor, B., Brogan, S., Chappell, B., Frankel, E., Liu, L., Sinton, J., and Tiffin, D., 1986. Hydrothermal chimneys and associated fauna in the Manus backarc basin, Papua New Guinea, Eos, 67:489–490.

Charlou, J.L., Donval, J.P., Fouquet, Y., Henry, K., Jean-Baptiste, P., Auzende, J.-M., Gamo, T., Ishibashi, J., and Shipboard Party, 1996. Variability in the chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Manus back-arc basin, Papua New Guinea. Eos, 77:W116

Douville, E., Bienvenu, P., Charlou, J.-L., Donval, J.-P., Fouquet, Y., Appriou, P., and Gamo, T., 1999. Yttrium and rare earth elements in fluids from various deep-sea hydrothermal systems, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63:627–643.

Eguchi, T., Fujinawa, Y., and Ukawa, M., 1989. Earthquakes associated with the back-arc opening in the eastern Bismarck Sea: activity, mechanisms, and tectonics. Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 56:189–209.

Exon, N.F., and Marlow, M.S., 1988. Geology and offshore resources potential of the New Ireland-Manus region—a synthesis. Circ.-Pac. Counc. Energy Mineral Resour., Earth Sci. Ser., 9:241–262.

Falvey, D.A., and Pritchard, T., 1985. Preliminary paleomagnetic results from northern Papua New Guinea: Evidence for large microplate rotations. Trans. Circ.-Pac. Counc. Energy Mineral Resour., 3:593–600.

Gamo, T., Okamura, K., Kodama, Y., Urabe, T., Auzende, J.-M., Shipboard Party, and Ishibashi, J., 1996. Chemical characteristics of hydrothermal fluids from the Manus back-arc basin, Papua New Guinea, 1. Major chemical components. Eos, 77:W116

Gemmell, J.B., 1995. Comparison of volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits in modern and ancient back-arc basins; examples from the southwest Pacific and Australia. In Mauk, J.L. and St George, J.D. (Eds.), Proc. 1995 PACRIM Congress: Melbourne, 227–231.

Gemmell, J.B., Binns, R.A., and Parr, J.M., 1996. Comparison of sulfur isotope values between modern back-arc and mid-ocean ridge seafloor hydrothermal systems. Eos, 77:W117

Hashimoto, J., Ohta, S., Fiala-Médioni, A., Auzende, J.-M., Kojima, S., Segonzac, M., Fujiwara, Y., Hunt, J.C., Gena, K., Miura, T., Kikuchi, T., Yamaguchi, T., Toda, T., Chiba, H., Tsuchida, S., Ishibashi, J., Henry, K., Zbinden, M., Pruski, A., Inoue, A., Kobayashi, H., Birrien, J.-L., Naka, J., Yamanaka, T., Laporte, C., Nishimura, K., Yeats, C., Malagun, S., Kia, P., Oyaizu, M., and Katayama, T., 1999. Hydrothermal vent communities in the Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea: Results of the BIOACCESS cruises in '96 and '98. InterRidge News, 8:12–18.

Hohnen, P.D., 1978. Geology of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. BMR J Aust. Geol. Geophys., 194.

Ishibashi, J., Wakita, H., Okamura, K., Gamo, T., Shitashima, K., Charlou, J.L., Jean-Baptiste, P., and Shipboard Party, 1996. Chemical characteristics of hydrothermal fluids from the Manus back-arc basin, Papua New Guinea,. II. Gas components. Eos, 77:W116.

Johnson, R.W., 1976. Late Cainozoic volcanism and plate tectonics at the southern margin of the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea. In Johnson, R.W. (Ed), Volcansm in Australasia: Amsterdam (Elsevier), 101–116.

Martinez, F., and Taylor, B., 1996. Fast backarc spreading, rifting and microplate rotation between transform faults in the Manus Basin, Bismarck Sea. In Auzende, J.-M., and Collot, J.-Y., (Eds.), Seafloor mapping in the West, Southwest and South Pacific. Mar. Geol. Res., Spec. Issue, 18:203–224.

Parr, J.M., Binns, R.A. and Gemmell, J.B., 1996. Sulfide chimneys from the Satanic Mills site in the PACMANUS hydrothermal field, Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Eos, 77:W120.

Scott, S.D. and Binns, R.A. 1995. Hydrothermal processes and contrasting styles of mineralization in the western Woodlark and eastern Manus basins of the western Pacific. In Parson, L.M., Walker, C.L., and Dixon, D.R. (Eds.), Hydrothermal Vents and Processes. Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., 87:191–205.

Stewart, W.D. and Sandy, M.J., 1988. Geology of New Ireland and Djual Islands, northeastern Papua New Guinea. In Marlow, M.S., Dafisman, S.V., and Exon, N.F., (Eds.), Geology and Offshore Resources of Pacific Island Arcs, - New Ireland and Manus region, Papua New Guinea, Circ.-Pac. Counc. Energy and Mineral Resour., Earth Sci. Ser., 9:13–30.

Taylor, B., 1979. Bismarck Sea: evolution of a back-arc basin. Geology, 7:171–174.

Taylor, B.J., Crook, K.A.W., Sinton, J.L., and Petersen, L. 1991. Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Pacific Sea Floor Atlas (Hawaii Inst. Geophys.), Sheets 1–7.

Taylor, B., Crook, K.A.W., and Sinton, J., 1994. Extensional transform zones and oblique spreading centres. J. Geophys. Res., 99:19707–19718.

Taylor, B., Goodliffe, A., Martinez, F., and Hey, R., 1995. Continental rifting and initial sea-floor spreading in the Woodlark basin. Nature, 374:534–537.

Tregoning, P., Lambeck, K., Stolz, A., Morgan, P., McClusky, S., van der Beek, P., McQueen, H., Jackson, R., Little, R., Laing, A., and Murphy, B., 1998. Estimation of current plate motions in Papua New Guinea from Global Positioning System observations, J. Geophys. Res., 103:12,181–12,203.

Waters, J.C., Binns, R.A., and Naka, J., 1996. Morphology of submarine felsic volcanic rocks on Pual Ridge, Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Eos, 77:W120.

Woodhead, J.D., Eggins, S.M., and Johnson, R.W., 1998. Magma genesis in the New Britain island arc: Further insights into melting and mass transfer processes. J. Petrol., 39:1641–1668.

Woodhead, J.D., and Johnson, R.W., 1993. Isotopic and trace-element profiles across the New Britain island arc, Papua New Guinea. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 113:479–491.

Yang, K., and Scott, S.D., 1996. Possible contribution of a metal-rich magmatic fluid to a sea floor hydrothermal system. Nature, 383:420–423.