Figure 12. Deep-water patterns and flow in the South Atlantic during the present (a, b) and the last glacial maximum (c). (a) Present salinity distributions; from Sverdrup et al. (1942), according to G. Wüst. (b) Distribution of delta13C values in dissolved inorganic carbon; from Kroopnick (1980). (c) Distribution of delta13C values in dissolved inorganic carbon, 20 k.y. ago, inferred from delta13C values in benthic foraminifers of that age; source: Berger and Wefer (1996a), after Duplessy et al. (1988) and Sarnthein et al. (1994).