Figure 11. A composite of the Cibicidoides spp. stable carbon and oxygen isotope records for Sites 522, 744, and 689 plotted as a function of age for the period 31–35 Ma (Zachos et al., 1996; Diester-Haas and Zahn, 1996). The EOGM spans the interval 33.0–33.4 Ma. Age model is based on the geomagnetic polarity timescale of Cande and Kent (1992). Lower scale shows bottom-water temperature for an ice-free world (pre-EOGM) assuming calcite formation in oxygen isotope equilibrium (Zachos et al., 1996).