LEG 202 PROPOSED RESEARCH TITLES


ABRANTES 1 OF 3
TITLE: Late Quaternary Upwelling and Productivity off Western South America: A 
Diatom perspective.
AUTHORS: Abrantes et al (d18O, TOC, Silica, Benthic & Planktonic Foraminifer 
Assemblages, d15N...)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17968A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To assess late Quaternary (last 150 Ka) history of 
upwelling and production along the Western South American coast, at orbital time 
scale and millennial scale at selected time intervals. Diatom data will be 
compared to independent proxies of export production, upper ocean productivity 
and nutrient concentration and utilization. Time series of siliceous 
microfossils accumulation rates (diatoms, silicoflagellates, phytoliths) and 
diatom assemblages. 
PUBLICATION: Paleoceanography?

ABRANTES 2 OF 3
TITLE: Interaction between the Equatorial and Peru Upwelling Systems. 
Variability throughout the last 150 Ka?
AUTHORS: Abrantes, Mix et al (d18O, TOC, Silica, Planktonic Foraminifer 
Assemblages, d15N...)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17968A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Time variability and interaction between coastal and 
equatorial upwelling will be assessed through a quantitative diatom study in two 
cores, one from the Peru margin (1237) and one from the eastern equatorial 
region (1240). Diatom assemblages should help identify the eastern boundary 
current advection from equatorial wind driven upwelling. Time series of 
siliceous microfossils accumulation rates (diatoms, silicoflagellates) and 
diatom assemblages.
PUBLICATION: Journal of Geophysical Research?

ABRANTES 3 OF 3
TITLE: Oceanic Circulation and Productivity response to the Closure of the 
Panama Isthmus: A multiproxy study.
AUTHORS: Abrantes et al (d18O, TOC, Silica, Nannos, Benthic & Planktonic 
Foraminifer Assemblages, d15N...)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17968A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To investigate the influence of the Panama Isthmus 
closure in the surficial ocean circulation and productivity. Time series of 
siliceous microfossils accumulation rates (diatoms, silicoflagellates) and d 
diatom assemblages.
PUBLICATION: Marine Micropaleontology?

BENWAY 1 OF 2
TITLE: Millennial-scale changes in water vapor transport across the Panama 
Isthmus over the last two glacial cycles: A tropical mechanism for global 
climate variability? 
AUTHORS: Heather Benway, Alan Mix, and Nicklas Pisias (Other potential authors 
include Jerry McManus, Michael Wara)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18041A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: This study will focus on reconstructing variations in 
the eastern tropical Pacific surface ocean to better understand the role of 
cross-isthmus water vapor transport in glacial-interglacial and millennial-scale 
climate and deep ocean circulation changes. We will concentrate on high 
resolution (<0.5 k.y. sample spacing) in an interval from the late Pleistocene 
into the Holocene (0.0-0.2 Ma). Within this interval, we plan to reconstruct 
changes in pycnocline intensity by measuring the _18O contrast between two 
species of planktonic foraminifera, a mixed layer dweller (G. ruber) and a sub-
pycnocline dweller (G. theyeri; N. dutertrei or G. tumida if G. theyeri 
unavailable). We will measure Mg/Ca on the same samples in order to quantify the 
salinity contrast across the pycnocline, and count species as a measure of sea-
surface temperature. 14C dating will augment age models based on _18O in the 
younger interval. In the Gulf of Panama (Cocos Ridge sites) where a low-salinity 
surface layer is observed, vertical contrast in the water column is directly 
related to net precipitation in the region, as determined by the intensity of 
cross-isthmus water vapor transport. Samples from the Carnegie Ridge sites will 
be analyzed in the same manner to examine changes in the equatorial cold tongue. 
A combination of the northern (Cocos Ridge) and southern (Carnegie Ridge) sites 
will enable us to monitor latitudinal surface temperature and salinity gradients 
between the Equator and the Gulf of Panama. The thermal gradient between these 
two regions affects easterly wind strength and direction, a key component in 
water vapor transport and plausible feedback mechanism. We will examine 
relationships of observed changes in the tropical region to global changes in 
climate and ocean circulation associated with the last two glacial cycles. 
PUBLICATION: Journal (TBD), plus a data report for Scientific Results volume. 

BENWAY 2 OF 2
TITLE: Effect of Panama Isthmus Closure on Millennial-scale climate variability 
of the eastern tropical Pacific.
AUTHORS: Heather Benway, Alan Mix, Nicklas Pisias (Other possible authors 
include Ralf Tiedemann, Arne Sturm)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18041A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We will examine the role of low latitude processes in 
rapid climate variability, particularly the development of a large cross-
equatorial thermal gradient associated with warm, low salinity waters in the 
Gulf of Panama that developed associated with Isthmus closure. This study will 
focus on three high-resolution (<0.5 k.y. sample interval) windows of ~200 k.y. 
duration, including 4.8-5.0 Ma (prior to the final closure), 3.8-4.0 Ma (during 
the final stages of closure), and 1.8-2.0 Ma (following the final closure but 
prior the development of large-amplitude glacial oscillations of the late 
Pleistocene). We will use the same analytical strategy as that outlined above to 
examine changes in surface ocean properties associated with the equatorial and 
eastern boundary upwelling and the dynamics of the Gulf of Panama warm pool with 
and without a closed eastern boundary. 
PUBLICATION: Journal (TBD), plus a data report for Scientific Results volume.

CACHO LASCORZ 1 0F 2
TITLE: Evolution of Eastern Equatorial Pacific surface and deep water properties 
in relation to late Pleistocene rapid climatic variability.
AUTHORS: Cacho, Shackleton, Elderfield and others (Other potential authors 
include Min Tem Chem, Grimalt..)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17979A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The aim of this study will be to reconstruct water 
temperature and salinity changes at high resolution (millennial-scale) for the 
last 230 ky (MIS 8-1) at Site 1240. Temperature will be reconstructed based on 
Mg/Ca ratios measured in different species of foraminifers. Two different 
planktonic species (one surface and one dwelling species) and also benthic 
foraminifers will be used to reconstruct changes in the temperature at different 
water depths. Samples will be processed together to those for isotope analysis 
in order to have a well homogenised mixture to reduce errors in further 
paleosalinity estimations. 
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD.

CACHO LASCORZ 2 0F 2
TITLE: Rapid reorganisation of the Eastern Equatorial Pacific oceanograpic and 
atmospheric circulation at the Pliocene-Pleistoce transition.
AUTHORS: Cacho, Moreno, Mix and others (Other potential authors include 
Shackleton, Elderfield...)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18143A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Eolian transport to Sites 1240, 1239 and 1238 will be 
studied for the ~1.4-2.2 Ma time interval in parallel to the oceanographic 
conditions. Oceanography will be determined by the combination of stable 
isotopes and Mg/Ca ratios. Elemental composition at Site 1240 will be determined 
at high resolution on U-channels by the XRF scanner from Bremen University. Low 
resolution ICP analysis will be also performed, together with grain-size CLS 
measurements for the same interval in all three Sites (1240, 1239 and 1238).
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD.

CHEN 1 OF 3
TITLE: Foraminifer, alkenone, and Mg/Ca sea-surface temperature variations in 
the southeast Pacific Ocean: a high resolution record of the past 200,000 years 
from ODP Site 1234
AUTHORS: Chen, Giosan, McManus, Mix
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17963A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: this research will focus on reconstructing SST 
variations in the southeastern Pacific surface ocean to better understand the 
Southern Hemisphere climate change patterns in glacial-interglacial as well as 
millennial-scales. We will concentrate on generating high-resolution (~20cm 
sampling intervals) planktic foraminifer fauna, alkenone, and Mg/Ca SST 
estimates in an interval of the past 200,000 years. The multiple SST proxy 
records will be used to form a composite SST time series and will be also used 
to evaluate the frequency-domain patterns of the SST changes of over orbital and 
millennial time scales. Global linkages such as Southern Hemisphere leads 
relative to the Northern Hemisphere and comparisons with high-resolution ice 
core records will be discussed in this study. 
PUBLICATION: Marine Micropaleontology or Marine Geology

CHEN 2 OF 3
TITLE: Planktonic foraminifer faunal variations in the eastern equatorial 
Pacific Ocean: a high resolution record from ODP Site 1240 (0-0.8Ma)
AUTHORS: Chen, Cacho-Lascorz, McManus, Kleiven
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17963A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: this research will focus on reconstructing SST 
variations in the eastern equatorial Pacific surface ocean to better understand 
the equatorial divergence climate change patterns in glacial-interglacial and 
with possibility extended to millennial time scales. We will concentrate on 
generating high-resolution (~10cm sampling intervals) planktic foraminifer 
fauna, alkenone, and Mg/Ca SST estimates in an interval of the past 800,000 
years. Different techniques of paleo-SST estimation will be compared and 
discussed in this study. This study will aim to evaluate the basin-scale 
patterns of Pacific surface circulation by examining different phase 
relationships of the SST variations on orbital frequencies from both eastern and 
western tropical Pacific core records (IMAGES cores).
PUBLICATION: Scientific Results Volume

CHEN 3 OF 3
TITLE: Sea-surface temperature and salinity variations in the eastern tropical 
Pacific Ocean in the Mid-Pleistocene (oxygen isotope stages 13-15): evidence 
from ODP Site 1241 & 1242
AUTHORS: Chen, McManus, Mix
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17963A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: this research will focus on reconstructing SST and 
salinity variations in the Gulf of Panama, eastern tropical Pacific, over a 
specific time interval - oxygen isotope stages 13-15. We plan to generate SST 
estimates from this interval based on planktic foraminifer fauna, alkenone, and 
Mg/Ca and to have better constraint of temperature components in decomposing the 
variations of planktic foraminifer oxygen isotope into sea-surface salinity 
estimates. The deconvoluted SST and salinity change patterns over this time 
interval will be used to compare paleoclimatic records from the western Pacific 
and from Chinese loess, in which most evidence indicates a relatively warm or 
humid glacial stage 14. Implications on a possible basin-wide scale ITCZ 
fluctuations over this specific time interval will be discussed.
PUBLICATION: Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology

DELANEY 1 OF 2
TITLE: Phosphorus Geochemistry and Sediment Redox Indicators, Southeast Pacific 
Paleoceanographic Transect Sediments (Sites 1237, 1239, and 1241)
AUTHORS: M.L. Delaney and L.D. Anderson
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18044A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: I will characterize the P geochemistry of these sites, 
using a sequential extraction procedure. I will complement this with trace/minor 
element geochemical analyses by ICP-MS of Ba, U, Re, Mn, Al, Ti, etc., of 
tracers of productivity and sedimentary depositional redox state, as 
appropriate, and with characterization of the calcium carbonate, opal, and 
organic carbon contents of sediments as appropriate. Intervals of higher 
resolution sampling will focus on a subset of these tracers, especially Ba and 
redox sensitive elements. The ultimate goal is to define accumulation rate 
records for P and the other biogenic tracers. This stage of the work will focus 
on geochemical characterization of the sediments. This will be used with 
sedimentation rate models and physical property measurements in defining 
accumulation rates for later publication.
PUBLICATION: Scientific Results volume (probably as a data report)

DELANEY 2 OF 2
TITLE: Overview of Interstitial Water Geochemistry, Southeast Pacific 
Paleoceanographic Transects
AUTHORS: M.L. Delaney
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18043A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: I will summarize and interpret the interstitial water 
geochemistry from shipboard analyses in greater detail than possible in the 
individual site reports or the leg summary. This can be a stand-alone 
contribution (e.g., see Leg 130, Delaney et al., 1991, or Leg 175 for examples) 
or as part of a larger leg synthesis (e.g., see Leg 167 summary, Lyle et al., 
2000, SR, pp. 341 ff.).
PUBLICATION: Scientific Results volume

FLORES 1 OF 4
TITLE: Pleistocene through late Miocene calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy 
for ODP Leg 202 (calibration of nannofossil events with orbitally tuned 
cyclostratigraphies)
AUTHORS: Flores, J.A, Wei, W. (other potential co-authors can be involved)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 1801A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Calcareous nannofossil analyses compared with available 
tuned data.
PUBLICATION: Marine Micropaleontology, PPP, Paleoceanography...

FLORES 2 OF 4
TITLE: Millennial sea surface dynamics for the latest Pleistocene in the 
southeast Pacific as reflected by coccolithophores (Sites 1233 and 1234)
AUTHORS: Flores, J.A. and Wei, W. (other potential co-authors can be involved)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 1801A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Calcareous nannofossil analyses compared with available 
tuned and other data)
PUBLICATION: Paleoceanography, PPP

FLORES 3 OF 4
TITLE: Response of calcareous nannofossil assemblages to the emergence of the 
Isthmus of Panama
AUTHORS: Flores, J.A. and Wei, W. (other potential co-authors can be involved)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 1801A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Calcareous nannofossil analyses compared with available 
data)
PUBLICATION: Paleoceanography, PPP

FLORES 4 OF 4
TITLE: Millennial to orbital variations in calcareous nannofossil assemblages 
during the last 1.6 m.y. in the southeastern and equatorial Pacific Ocean
AUTHORS: Flores, J.A. and Wei, W. (other potential co-authors can be involved)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 1801A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Calcareous nannofossil analyses compared with available 
tuned and other data)
PUBLICATION: Paleoceanography, PPP

GIOSAN 1 OF 4
TITLE: Millennial to decadal climatic variations in SE Pacific region: 
terrestrial-oceanic links
AUTHORS: Liviu Giosan, Konrad Hughen, Frank Lamy
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17908A 
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We plan to make a direct comparison of changes between 
land and sea to determine temporal relationships between abrupt climate shifts 
at the Chilean margin sites. Our analysis will be base on well-dated high-
resolution paleoceanographic and paleoclimate records using marine and 
terrestrial proxies for SST, bottom water oxygenation, and terrestrial 
vegetation and river runoff. Uk37 and XRF data will be provided by Frank Lamy.
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD

GIOSAN 2 OF 4
TITLE: Tectonic, paleoclimatic, and paleoceanographic histories revealed by the 
sediment color stratigraphy at ODP Leg 202 sites
AUTHORS: Liviu Giosan, Alan Mix, Nicklas Pisias, others?
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: ?
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: This is generic title for a study that will asses 
climate changes at various time scales during the Neogene as expressed in the 
sedimentation pattern at sites drilled during Leg 202. The methodological 
approach will be based on capitalizing and ground truthing information on the 
primary composition and secondary diagenetic changes of sediments provided by 
the color measurements and other physical properties collected on board.
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD

GIOSAN 3 OF 4
TITLE: Dust transport to SE Pacific: Source areas and variability since 
Oligocene
AUTHORS: Liviu Giosan, Tomohisa Irino, Leah Joseph
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: ?
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The paper will focus on the use of iron oxyhydroxides as 
eolian and climatic tracers; estimates of oxyhydroxides will be complemented by 
mineralogy, bulk chemistry, grain size, and radiogenic isotopes measurements. 
Sites of interest are 1236 and 1237. This study will complement studies led by 
Irino and Joseph.
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD

GIOSAN 4 OF 4
TITLE: Paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic variability at Site 1237 during the 
last 4 My
AUTHORS: Liviu Giosan, Jerry McManus
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: ?
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The paper will characterize changes in deep water mass 
at site 1237 using benthic dO18 and dC13 measurements as well as the variability 
in sedimentary components estimated from physical properties on various time 
scales. Special attention will be paid to deciphering the origin of a 400 k.y. 
cyclicity apparent in total organic content estimated onboard from reflectance 
measurements.
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD

HOLBOURN 1 OF 5
TITLE: Middle Miocene isotopic and paleoceanographic events in the Southeast 
Pacific
AUTHORS: Holbourn and others
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17958A 
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: 1. High-resolution isotope stratigraphy of Middle 
Miocene climatic events (i.e.: Monterey excursion, Miocene Climatic Optimum and 
Expansion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet) in 4 k.y. resolution at Site 1237 and 
in 4-10 k.y. at Site 1236. 2. Orbitally tuned timescale for 12-20 Ma. 3. 
Correlation with isotope stratigraphies of Ceara Rise, Ontong Java Plateau, 
Wombat Plateau, South China Sea, etc.
Methods: Stable isotopes of planktonic and benthic foraminifers
PUBLICATION: Paleoceanography

HOLBOURN 2 OF 5
TITLE: Southeast Pacific productivity and deep-water ventilation during the 
Middle Miocene
AUTHORS: Holbourn and others
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17958A 
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: 1. Quantitative analysis of benthic foraminiferal 
assemblages over selected intervals of major climatic change (12-20 Ma, Sites 
1236 and 1237). 2. Comparison with other proxy records: planktonic/benthic 
foraminiferal _13C values, sediment color reflectance data, organic carbon 3. 
Interpretation of deep-sea ventilation and carbon flux/productivity patterns. 
Methods: Accumulation rates of benthic foraminiferal tests, multivariate 
statistical analyses of species abundances, TOC, shipboard color reflectance
PUBLICATION: Paleo3, Marine Micropal.

HOLBOURN 3 OF 5
TITLE: Calibration of Middle Miocene calcareous nannofossil and planktonic 
foraminiferal events in the Southeast Pacific
AUTHORS: (Alphabetical: Flores, Holbourn, Lund, Stoner, Wei)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17958A 
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: 1. Calibration of biostratigraphic events to orbitally 
tuned timescale (12-20 Ma, Sites 1236 and 1237). 2. Correlation with other tuned 
timescales (Berggren et al, 1995, Chaisson and Pearson, 1997, etc.). Methods: 
Biostratigraphy, calibration to orbitally tuned timescale
PUBLICATION: Paleo3, Marine Micropal.

HOLBOURN 4 OF 5
TITLE: Middle Miocene evolution of the modern deep-water benthic foraminiferal 
fauna
AUTHORS: Holbourn and others
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17958A 
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: 1. Examine stratigraphic distribution of benthic 
foraminifers and correlate local first and last appearances to orbitally tuned 
age model (12-20 Ma, Sites 1236 and 1237). 2. Test hypothesis of a stepwise 
evolution of the modern deep-water benthic foraminiferal fauna during the Middle 
Miocene. Methods: Biostratigraphy, calibration to orbitally tuned timescale
PUBLICATION: Journal of Foraminiferal Research

HOLBOURN 5 OF 5
TITLE: Coupling of surface and deep-water fluxes: Calibration of faunal and 
geochemical proxy records
AUTHORS: (Alphabetical: Holbourn and others)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17956A 
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: 1. Comparison of faunal (diatoms, benthic foraminifers 
and calcareous nannofossils) and geochemical productivity records (intervals and 
sites to be determined). 2. Calibration of productivity proxies. Methods: 
Accumulation rates of benthic foraminiferal tests, multivariate statistical 
analyses of species abundances.
PUBLICATION: Deep Sea Research, Marine Geology

IRINO 1 OF 3
TITLE: Climatic and oceanic response to the Andean uplift during the last 10 
m.y.
AUTHORS: Irino, T., Joseph, L., Giosan, L., Iwai, M., and Yamamoto, M.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18029A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We reconstruct the history of Andean uplift and volcanic 
activity, and study the interrelationship between tectonic events and climatic 
changes using Sites 1237 and 1236 sediments. T. Irino analyzes mineral and major 
element composition of the detrital fraction of sediments. The ratio of detritus 
derived from volcanic materials and that from crystalline rocks could be a 
function of volcanic activity. Mass accumulation rate of volcanic ash will be 
also examined. Variability in the provenance of terrigenous materials could 
reflect change in denudation pattern. Both parameters are expected to be closely 
related to the Andean uplift. Variability of detrital supply pattern such as 
eolian and hemipelagic transport will be also examined by L. Joseph and L. 
Giosan using independent parameters. M. Iwai will provide the information about 
the marine ecological changes using diatom assemblage data. M. Yamamoto analyzes 
marine and terrestrial biomarkers including alkenones, n-alkanes, cyclic 
terpenoids and lignin phenols and their individual carbon isotopic compositions. 
This aims at reconstructing SST, the stress of trades, marine productivity and 
the vegetation on land (angiosperm versus gymnosperm, woody versus herbaceous). 
Tectonic evolution of Andean region is compared to the changes of terrestrial 
climate and marine environment reconstructed using biomarkers and diatom 
assemblage.
PUBLICATION: Journal

IRINO 2 OF 3
TITLE: Variability in distributions for detrital minerals and terrestrial and 
marine biomarkers along the eastern Equatorial to South Pacific margin: 
Comparison between glacial and interglacial times.
AUTHORS: Irino, T., Yamamoto, M., and McManus, J.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18029A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: In order to constrain the dynamic range for variability 
of terrestrial and marine materials coincident with climatic changes, we examine 
the composition of detrital minerals and terrestrial and marine biomarkers at 
Sites 1234, 1237, and 1239 for various time slices during the last 500 k.y. T. 
Irino analyzes mineral and major element composition of the detrital fraction of 
sediments. M. Yamamoto analyzes marine and terrestrial biomarkers including 
alkenones, n-alkanes, cyclic terpenoids and lignin phenols and their individual 
carbon isotopic compositions. J. McManus will provide time framework with his 
oxygen isotope data. The results will be used to interpret the temporal 
variation of each parameter at sites studied in another proposals.
PUBLICATION: Journal

IRINO 3 OF 3
TITLE: Reconstruction of volcanic activity in the eastern Equatorial to South 
Pacific margin during the last 10 m.y.
AUTHORS: Irino, T. and Joseph, L.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18029A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: In order to reconstruct the volcanic activity in the 
eastern Equatorial to South Pacific margin, mass accumulation rates (MAR) of 
volcanic glass in sediments of Sites 1237, 1238, 1239, and 1241 are examined. 
Total MAR is calculated by L. Joseph. Variability in volcanism in this area 
could be closely related to major tectonic events, affecting Andean uplift and 
the closure of Panamanian seaway. Volcanic glass content within sediment is 
estimated by XRD being calibrated with microscopic grain counts. Major element 
composition of volcanic glass is also examined, which could provide us detailed 
information about magmatic activity and opportunity to establish tephra 
correlation in the region.
PUBLICATION: Journal

IWAI 1 OF 3
TITLE: Late Miocene through Pleistocene diatom biostratigraphy and its 
magnetostratigraphic calibration at Site 1239, 1240, and 1242, the eastern 
tropical-subtropical Pacific.
AUTHORS: Iwai, M., et al.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO: 17915A 
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Diatom biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphic 
calibration will be constructed for Site 1239. Diachroneity and synchroneity of 
each event and its paleoceanographic implications will be discussed, comparing 
with those of Legs 138 and 178.
PUBLICATIONS: Marine Micropaleontology

IWAI 2 OF 3
TITLE: Quantitative diatom distribution patterns of late Miocene through 
Pliocene diatom from Sites 1237, 1238, and 1239 and its implications for 
paleoceanographic and tectonic history along the Pacific coast of the South 
America.
AUTHORS: Iwai, M., et al.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO: 17915A 
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Temporal variation of diatom abundance (# per gram of 
sediment, accumulation rate) and assemblage changes will be analyzed using 
quantitatively processed slides. Tectonic scale paleoceanography.
PUBLICATIONS: Marine Micropaleontology

IWAI 3 OF 3
TITLE: Early Pleistocene Ethmodiscus ooze at ODP Site 1242 in the Panama Basin.
AUTHORS: Iwai, M., Irino, T., et al. (Isa and others?)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO: 17915A 
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The mono-specific diatom ooze dominated with 
Ethmodiscus, which found in the lower Pleistocene section at Site 1242, will be 
described, and discussed its paleoceanographic implication. Ethmodiscus ooze has 
a potential of biostratigraphic maker for a local correlation of the Quaternary 
section in the low-to middle latitude, and environmental marker implicating the 
productivity condition in that area. However there is a debate for its mechanism 
of the ooze formation. In addition to the micropaleontological approach, we will 
analyze micro fabric (SEM), clay minerals, and marine and terrestrial 
biomarkers. 
PUBLICATIONS: Marine Geology?

JOSEPH 1 OF 2
TITLE: Climatic and depositional history of ODP Sites 1236 and 1237
AUTHORS: Joseph, L, Irino, T., Giosan, L.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18002A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: This paper will present the results of investigations 
related to the type, timing, and magnitude of fluctuations in ocean circulation 
and climate brought about by tectonic and climatic events. The older part of the 
record where carbonate dominates will be investigated for the presence of eolian 
material. The younger part of the record, when the terrigenous contribution is 
more significant, will be investigated for changes in continental climate on 
South America and in the depositional environment, resulting from the increasing 
intensity of tectonics, and changes in oceanic circulation and gateways. Methods 
used will include terrigenous grain size analyses, terrigenous mass accumulation 
rate calculations, and magnetic fabric. This paper will be done in collaboration 
with both Tomo Irino (mineralogy, volcanics) and Liviu Giosan (isotopes, color). 
Potential further collaborators/complimentary studies: Masao, Joe
PUBLICATION: Journal

JOSEPH 2 OF 2
TITLE: Processes affecting continental erosion and depositional environment 
within glacial-interglacial cycles: Terrigenous grain size, fluxes, and magnetic 
fabric fluctuations at Sites 1233 & 1234
AUTHORS: Leah Joseph, Tomo Irino
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18002A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Sites 1233 and 1234 represent (nearly) unprecedented 
high-resolution records of glacial-interglacial variability. Grain size is often 
used as an indicator of climatic events such as these and these sites provide 
the opportunity, especially with their relatively high terrigenous input, to 
investigate grain size changes (even with the "low" resolution of ~2000 years) 
within distinct phases of glacial-interglacial cycles. The relationship to 
magnetic parameters in environmental interpretations of continental conditions 
is an additional potential direction of investigation. Magnetic fabrics and 
terrigenous grain size can indicate changes in the velocity of the depositing 
current, also something potentially influenced by and influencing climate on 
glacial-interglacial scales. Potential further collaborators/complimentary 
studies: Frank, Liviu, Joe, Steve
PUBLICATION: Journal

KLEIVEN 1 OF 2
TITLE: Millennial-scale sea surface and intermediate-depth ocean variability 
during marine isotope stage 3 at ODP Site 1233. 
AUTHORS: H. F. Kleiven and F. Lamy
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18117A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Use planktic and benthic stable isotopes to characterize 
the behavior of the southern Westerlies and ventilation of the intermediate 
depth ocean during the rapid global climate reorganizations within MIS 3
PUBLICATION: TBD

KLEIVEN 2 OF 2
TITLE: Assessing orbital controls on tropical ocean-atmosphere dynamics and 
rapid climate change over the mid-Pleistocene transition (0.5-1.6 Ma). 
AUTHORS: H.F. Kleiven and E. Jansen
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18139A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Use planktic and benthic stable isotopes, %calcium 
carbonate and time-series analyses to address the science outlined in the title. 
PUBLICATION: TBD

LAMY 1 OF 5
TITLE: Rapid oscillations of the strength and position of the Southern 
Westerlies during the last ~ 40,000 years based on variations of the terrigenous 
sediment input to the southern Chilean continental margin (Site 1233).
AUTHORS: Frank Lamy, (+probably somebody else from the Bremen group), Liviu 
Giosan, Steve Lund, Joe Stoner, and Shipboard Scientific Party (we plan to 
publish already within the first year). 
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17959A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Based on elemental composition data to be obtained by 
high resolution (1 cm; decadal resolution) XRF Scanning and shipboard physical 
property data, we plan to reconstruct changes in the terrestrial sediment input. 
Based on our pre-cruise research on core GeoB 3313-1 (located at Site 1233), we 
expect that the terrigenous input records rainfall variability in southern Chile 
directly related to latitudinal shifts and/or changes in the strength of the 
Southern Westerlies during the last ~40,000 years and possibly beyond. The 
stratigraphy will be based on 14C Dating and, in close cooperation with Steve 
Lund and Joe Stoner, magnetic properties. For the calibration of the elemental 
spectrum measured with XRF, ICP measurements are planned with low resolution 
(~.1 ka). We expect to provide important results on millennial to centennial 
(decadal?) changes in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, which will 
significantly contribute to the ongoing discussion on timing and phase 
relationships of inter-hemispheric climate change on sub-Milankovitch time-
scales.
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD

LAMY 2 OF 5
TITLE: High resolution SST records (based on alkenones and foraminifer Mg/Ca) 
from Site 1233 related to surface ocean changes in the southern Peru-Chile and 
Antarctic Circumpolar Current during the last glacial/interglacial cycle.
AUTHORS: Frank Lamy, Liviu Giosan, Dierk Hebbeln, Helga Kleiven, Jerry McManus, 
Ulysses Ninnemann, and Gerold Wefer 
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17959A 
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We plan to create a high resolution (~ 100 yr.) paleo-
SST record based on alkenones and Mg/Ca for Site 1233. We expect to cover marine 
isotope stages 1-5 and, based on preliminary stratigraphic indications, possibly 
extending back to stage 6. The SST records will provide new insights in the 
timing and amplitude of SST changes within the southern PCC and ACC both during 
deglaciation(s) and hopefully during globally known rapid climate changes in the 
last glacial. This multi-proxy approach for SST estimates together with the 
isotope work of other shipboard scientists will provide a unique record of ocean 
surface conditions at Site 1233. The stratigraphy should be based on 14C dating 
and magnetic properties and, in close cooperation with Helga Kleiven, Ulysses 
Ninnemann, and Jerry McManus, on oxygen isotopes.
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD

LAMY 3 OF 5
TITLE: Continent-ocean links in rapid climate changes during the last 
glacial/interglacial cycle based on salinity reconstructions within the southern 
Peru Chile Current (Sites 1233 and 1234).
AUTHORS: Frank Lamy, Min-Te Chen, Liviu Giosan, Helga Kleiven, Jerry McManus, 
Alan Mix, Ulysses Ninnemann. 
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17959A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The inflow of low-salinity surface water from the 
southern Chilean fjords, controlled by high rainfall and meltwater input from 
the Patagonian Ice Shield (Chilean Fjord Water; CFW), provides a unique 
opportunity to study continent-ocean links on sub-Milankovitch time-scales 
during the last glacial/interglacial. Pre-cruise studies on core GeoB 3313-1 (at 
Site 1233) showed that surface salinity changes are significant even during the 
Holocene. Thus, we expect large changes during the glacial, likely also recorded 
further north at Site 1234. Salinity is planned to be estimated by combining 
alkenone and Mg/Ca-based paleo-SST estimates and planktic foraminifer isotopes 
from Sites 1233 and 1234. For the success of this study a close cooperation with 
several shipboard scientists working on planktic isotopes (at Sites 1233 and 
1234) and SST reconstructions (at Site 1234) is envisaged.
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD

LAMY 4 OF 5
TITLE: Regional paleoproductivity changes within the southernmost Peru-Chile 
current during marine isotope stages 1-5, based on Sites 1233 and 1234 (1235).
AUTHORS: Frank Lamy, Dierk Hebbeln, Philippe Martinez, Liviu Giosan, Rebecca 
Robinson, and Gerold Wefer (and other shipboard scientists for the 
stratigraphy).
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17959A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We plan to assess and compare regional paleoproductivity 
changes within the Concepción upwelling center (Sites 1234 and 1235) and the 
primarily by downwelling controlled area off Valdivia (Site 1233). We plan to 
focus on biogenic opal, CaCO3, and TOC. All measurements are planned on high 
resolution which can be further increased by using CaCO3 measurements for the 
calibration of Ca counts from the XRF Scanner, We plan to focus on marine 
isotope stages 1-5. A close cooperation is planned with Philippe Martinez, 
particularly regarding TOC measurements on Sites 1233 and 1235. We would further 
like to collaborate with Rebecca Robinson who plans to measure TOC (and 
potentially opal) on Site 1234. Additionally, collaboration with Liviu Giosan on 
TOC and CaCO3 estimates based on physical property data is envisaged.
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD

LAMY 5 OF 5
TITLE: TBD
AUTHORS: TBD
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17959A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Joint study and comparison of continental paleoclimate 
indicators. Together with Liviu Giosan and his group and potentially Linda 
Heusser (pollen). Possibly some input by Tomo Irino (low-resolution mineralogy) 
and Fatima Abrantes (fresh water diatoms).
PUBLICATION: TBD

MARTINEZ 1 OF 4
TITLE: Millennial-scale variability in denitrification and productivity in 
rapidly accumulating sediments off Western South America during the late 
Quaternary: a comparison of Sites 1233 and 1235 (ODP Leg 202).
AUTHORS: Martinez Ph, Ganeshram R, Lamy F et al (d15N, TOC, d18O)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17966A and 18121A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To assess the history of productivity and associated 
denitrification off Chile at orbital, millennial and possibly decadal time-
scales. To assess the role of the ETSP in the nutrient inventory of the ocean 
during the late Quaternary. Proxies: TOC, Ba/Al, nitrogen isotopes (d15N), and 
d13Corg.
PUBLICATION: Paleoceanography.

MARTINEZ 2 OF 4
TITLE: Nitrogen and phosphorus relationships in sediments off Western South 
America during the late Quaternary (ODP Sites 1233 and 1235).
AUTHORS: Martinez, Ganeshram et al.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17966A and 18121A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To assess the respective role of nitrogen and phosphorus 
as limiting nutrients in the control of productivity in a denitryfying coastal 
upwelling. To assess the history of the burial of N, P and C during the upper 
Quaternary at a millennial-scale. Proxies: TOC, nitrogen isotopes (d15N), and 
Phosphorus geochemistry.
PUBLICATION: Paleoceanography, GBC?

MARTINEZ 3 OF 4
TITLE: Productivity variations in the Eastern equatorial Pacific upwelling and 
the Western South America coastal upwelling during the upper Quaternary: a 
comparison
Nitrogen and phosphorus relationships in sediments off Western South America 
during the late Quaternary (ODP Sites 1235 and 1239).
AUTHORS: Martinez Ph, et al.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17966A and 18121A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To assess the interactions between the coastal upwelling 
off Chile and the eastern equatorial upwelling and their respective role in 
atmospheric CO2 changes. Proxies: TOC, d13Corg, nitrogen isotopes (d15N).
PUBLICATION: Paleoceanography, GBC?

MARTINEZ 4 OF 4
TITLE: Productivity variations in the coast off America during the last 6 m.y. 
controlled by Andean uplift and Panama Isthmus closure: a study of ODP sites 
1237 and 1239.
AUTHORS: Martinez Ph, Lochte (?), Wara, Sturm, Tiedemann, et al. (TOC, d15N, 
d18O...).
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17966A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To assess how productivity changes documented at Sites 
1237 and 1239 are controlled by the Andean uplift and/or the closure of the 
Panama Isthmus. To investigate how and if the Andean uplift have controlled the 
intensification of the coastal upwelling (site 1237) and how the intensification 
of the equatorial upwelling (1239) is controlled by the closure of the isthmus 
of Panama
PUBLICATION: Journal.

MCMANUS 1 OF 2
TITLE: The last interglacial in the mid-latitude Southeast Pacific
AUTHORS: TBD (Possible: L. Heusser, F. Lamy, P.J. Crignola Gonzalez, L. Giosan, 
M. Wara, S. Lund, U. Ninnemann, K. Kleiven, M.-T. Chen, R. Robinson, J. Stoner, 
A. Mix, L. Joseph, K. Hughen, D. Oppo, P. Tzedakis) 
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18047
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Assess oceanographic and climatic variability on orbital 
and millennial time scales using planktonic and benthic foraminifera stable 
isotopes, some geochemistry (e. g., foram Mg/Ca) and some sedimentology (e. g., 
grain size).
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD

MCMANUS 2 OF 2
TITLE: Stability of tropical climates
AUTHORS: TBD (Possible: A. Mix, N. Pisias, M. Wara, H. Benway, L. Giosan, I. 
Cacho, R. Robinson, A. Holbourn, W. Wei, M.-T. Chen, D. Oppo, W. Curry, J. 
Cullen, T. Eglinton)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 18047
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Assess amplitudes of orbital and millennial variability 
of the tropical ocean-atmosphere system during the last 0.5 million years using 
planktonic and benthic foraminifera stable isotopes, some geochemistry (e. g., 
foram Mg/Ca) and some sedimentology (e. g., grain size).
PUBLICATION: Journal TBD

NINNEMANN 1 OF 1
TITLE: Decadal to Millennial Scale Changes in Surface Ocean Circulation (ACC) 
and Intermediate Ocean Ventilation (AAIW) Over the Last 30 k.y. Recorded at Site 
1233. 
AUTHORS: Ninnemann, Lamy, Wara, McManus, Mix, others depending upon interest & 
contribution.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17997A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We will generate high resolution (2cm, < 20 yr.) 14C 
dated planktic and benthic foraminiferal stable isotope (13C, 18O) records at 
Site 1233 over the last 30 k.y. (0-42 mcd). They will be used to reconstruct 
latitudinal/temporal perturbations in the ACC and their relationship to changes 
in AAIW ventilation to determine the connection between the Southern Westerlies 
and Southern Ocean circulation. Ultimately we hope to assess the potential 
feedback role of extratropical ocean dynamics on tropical climate fluctuations. 
This may well be broken into different stories, millennial vs. decadal, Holocene 
& glacial/deglacial, physical vs. chemical changes etc. We'll see when we get 
the results.
PUBLICATION: TBD

PISIAS 1 OF 4
TITLE: Millennial scale climate variability of the Southeast Pacific and South 
America: Evidence from main pollen and radiolarian microfossils
AUTHORS: Heusser and Pisias
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: ?
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We propose to use the same strategy used in our study of 
the Northeast Pacific marine continental climate changes. We will compare 
radiolarian microfossil assemblages with pollen abundances in paired samples. 
Objective is to evaluate how changes in ocean surface water masses in the 
southeastern Pacific boundary currents are related to changes in continental 
vegetation.
PUBLICATION: ?

PISIAS 2 OF 4
TITLE: Radiolarian biostratigraphy at ODP Site 1237
AUTHORS: Weber and Pisias
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: ?
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Site 1237 will provide a classic type section for marine 
biostratigraphy for the eastern South Pacific. We will complete a 
biostratigraphic analysis of Radiolaria.
PUBLICATION: ?

PISIAS 3 OF 4
TITLE: Non-linear response of the eastern equatorial Pacific to orbital forcing: 
Evidence from ODP Legs 202 and 138
AUTHORS: Pisias, Wara and Mix.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: ?
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Pleistocene time series of sea surface temperature from 
Leg 138 sites contain evidence of non-linear responses to orbital forcing. The 
Leg 138 sites illustrate a regional pattern in the strength of this response. 
Sites 1240 and 1242 provide samples in important oceanographic settings of the 
eastern most equatorial Pacific. We propose to complete paleotemperature 
estimates for these sites and using non-linear time series analysis strategies 
define the regional pattern of climate response to orbital forcing.
PUBLICATION: ?

PISIAS 4 OF 4
TITLE: Millennial scale paleoceanographic variability of the eastern equatorial 
Pacific: Evidence from radiolarian assemblages at ODP Sites 1240 and 1242.
AUTHORS: Pisias and Mix.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: ?
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The high sedimentation rates of these sites provide an 
important opportunity to examine surface ocean response of the eastern 
equatorial Pacific to millennial scale climate change. We will use multiproxy 
analysis (microfossil abundances and isotopic analysis) to define the amplitude 
and wavelengths of these responses.
PUBLICATION: ?

ROBINSON 1 OF 2
TITLE: Late Pleistocene (MIS 1-5) N-isotope stratigraphy at Site 1234
AUTHORS: Rebecca Robinson
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17983A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: A late Pleistocene (MIS 1-5) nitrogen isotope 
stratigraphy from Site 1234 will likely provide a high-resolution record of 
denitrification in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific. The methods will include 
TOC, TN, _15N of bulk sediment and if possible microfossil-bound _15N (tentative 
given low biogenic concentrations).
PUBLICATION: SR

ROBINSON 2 OF 2
TITLE: Millennial-scale variability in nitrogen cycling Chile margin during the 
last climatic cycle: Evidence from N-isotopes at ODP Sites 1234 and 1235
AUTHORS: Robinson, Martinez, Lamy. 
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17983A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Here Philippe Martinez and I will compare the MIS 1-5 
nitrogen isotope records from Sites 1234 and 1235 to constrain regional nitrogen 
cycling on the Chile margin. TOC, TN, and opal (Frank Lamy and if needed 
Robinson) will be utilized to constrain the impact of productivity on the 15N 
records. 
PUBLICATION: Journal

STONER 1 OF 1
TITLE: Magnetic Stratigraphy and Paleointensity of sediments collected from Leg 
202.
AUTHORS: Stoner, J.S., Lund, S.P., and others
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: 17999A
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Define the magnetic polarity stratigraphy from 
paleomagnetic cubes using both AF and thermal demagnetization to isolate the 
magnetic remanence. And to augment this with u-channel samples. The u-channels 
will also be used to develop records of relative paleointensity, which will be 
used to better constrain the behavior of the geomagnetic field and intern will 
be used to develop a high-resolution stratigraphy for these sediments.
PUBLICATION: Journal (EPSL?)

WARA 1 OF 2
TITLE: On the relationship between tropical and north Atlantic sub-Milankovitch 
climate variability
AUTHORS: Wara, M., McManus, J., Ravelo, A.C., Revenaugh, J., Mix, A.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: ?
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Planktonic d18O, Mg/Ca, faunal counts at ~2ky resolution 
at site 1239 over the past 1 Ma will be used to characterize sub-Milankovitch 
climate variability in this region and to examine whether it is related to 
Milankovitch variability in the tropics and/or the high latitudes using linear 
and non-linear Fourier analysis methods. 

WARA 2 OF 2
TITLE: The connection between subtropical upwelling and sea-surface temperature 
in the tropical Pacific Ocean from Pliocene to present.
AUTHORS: Wara, M., Ravelo, A.C.
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: ?
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Planktonic d18O, Mg/Ca at low (~15ky) resolution at 
sites 1236, 1237, and 1240 will be compared to similar measurements made at 
other sites in the eastern and western tropical Pacific Ocean to assess the 
extent to which changes in sea surface temperatures in the subtropical upwelling 
centers drive modifications of the Walker Circulation on million year time 
scales.

WEI 1 OF 4
TITLE: Oligocene-Miocene calcareous nannofossils from Leg 202 (southeast 
Pacific): Biostratigraphy and Paleoceanography
AUTHORS: Wei, W., Flores, J. A., (and other?) 
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: Wei (# to be assigned)
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To work out a detailed Oligocene-Miocene nannofossil 
biostratigraphy and chronology based on semi-quantitative nannofossil data; to 
discuss paleoceanographic implications from these nannofossil assemblage data 
and the nannofossil biochronology
PUBLICATION: Marine Micropaleontology 

WEI 2 OF 4
TITLE: Centennial-millennial-scale oceanographic variability of the eastern 
equatorial Pacific during the last 100 k.y. as revealed by calcareous 
nannofossils at Site 1240
AUTHORS: Wei, W., Flores, J. A., (and other?)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: Wei (# to be assigned)
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To collect quantitative nannofossil data at a 
stratigraphic resolution of one sample per hundred years for the last 100 k.y. 
to examine the abundance changes in the major groups of nannofossils, 
particularly Florisphaera profunda, a well-known upwelling proxy, to reveal 
centennial-millennial-scale oceanographic variability in the eastern equatorial 
Pacific. 
PUBLICATION: Paleoceanography or P3

WEI 3 OF 4
TITLE: Silicoflagellates, sponge spicules, and Ebridians from Leg 202 (southeast 
Pacific paleoceanographic transect)
AUTHORS: McCartney, K., Wei, W. (and others?)
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: Wei (# to be assigned)
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To document the occurrence and distribution (in semi-
quantitative data) of silicoflagellates, sponge spicules, and ebridians from Leg 
202 for potential biostratigraphic and paleoceanographic information 
PUBLICATION: Proc. ODP, Sci Results, Vol. 202

WEI 4 OF 4
TITLE: Magnetobiochronology of ODP Leg 202 (southeast Pacific): A synthesis
AUTHORS: Wei et al. - biostratigraphers, magnetostratigraphers, (and others?)
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To synthesize the biostratigraphies from various groups 
of fossils (e.g., nannofossils, planktonic foraminifers, diatoms, radiolarians, 
silicoflagellates.......), to identify and discuss any inconsistencies and 
uncertainties among different groups of biostratigraphies, to achieve a coherent 
biochronology, to better constrain magnetostratigraphic interpretations, and to 
discuss magnetobiochronology both regionally and globally. 
SAMPLE REQUEST NO.: Wei (# to be assigned)
PUBLICATION: Marine Micropaleontology, P3, or Marine Geology