Taxonomic references for diatom species identified from Leg 178 sediments are listed below. The authority of each species is given as well as several good references that describe and illustrate the particular taxon. Plates P1-P23 show diatoms from a rise site (Holes 1095A and 1095B), and Plates P24-P33 show diatoms from the shelf sites (Holes 1097A and 1103A). The shelf site plates are arranged by seismic unit (Larter et al., 1997; Barker, Camerlenghi, Acton, et al., 1999) (i.e., Unit S1: Cores 178-1097A-1R through 9R and Cores 178-1103A-1R through 26R; Unit S2: Cores 178-1097A-10R through 18R; Unit S3: Cores 178-1097A-19R through 51R and Cores 178-1103A-27R through 38R).
Achnanthes spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P6, fig. 5).
Actinocyclus actinochilus (Ehrenberg) Simonsen, 1982, p. 101-116, pl. 1-4; Tanimura, 1992, p. 405, figs. 3-2, 5-3; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 699.
Synonym: Charcotia actinochilus (Ehrenberg) Hustedt, 1958; Fenner et al., 1976, pl. 5, fig. 5; Gombos, 1977, pl. 1, fig. 8; Akiba, 1982, pl. 3, figs. 7-10; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 2, fig. 9 (Pl. P26, fig. 2; Pl. P33, fig. 1).
Actinocyclus curvatulus Janisch in Schmidt et al., 1874-1959, pl. 57, fig. 31; Hustedt, 1930, p. 538, fig. 307; Akiba, 1982, pl. 5, figs. 5-6 (no illustration).
Actinocyclus ingens Rattray, 1890, p. 149, pl. 11, fig. 7; Schrader, 1976, pl. 13, fig. 8; Gombos, 1977, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2; Akiba, 1982, pl. 5, figs. 9-13; Gersonde, 1990, p. 791-192, pl. 1, figs. 1, 3-5, pl. 3, figs. 8, 9, pl. 4, fig. 1; Baldauf and Barron 1991, p. 58, pl. 5, fig. 2; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 700, pl. 8, fig. 10, pl. 11, figs. 4, 6, pl. 12, fig. 8; Mahood and Barron, 1996, p. 288, pl. 3, figs. 1a-4; pl. 7, figs. 20a, 20b, 21 (Pl. P15, fig. 3; Pl. P29, figs. 1, 4).
Actinocyclus ingens var. ovalis Gersonde, 1990, p. 792, pl. 1, fig. 7, pl. 3, figs. 1-3, pl. 5, figs. 4, 7, pl. 6, fig. 1 (oval), pl. 6, figs. 4, 5 (circular); Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 5, fig. 4; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 5, fig. 1 (circular).
Synonym: Actinocyclus ingens var. A of Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 700, pl. 12, figs. 4, 5.
Remarks: Harwood and Maruyama (1992) distinguished asymmetric valves from circular valves and transferred the former from Actinocyclus to Hemidiscus and called the latter Actinocyclus ingens var. A. We included all the varieties into this species. The circular valve is more common and oval to slightly triangular valves are in the minority in Leg 178 materials (Pl. P15, fig. 5).
Actinocyclus karstenii Van Heurck, 1909; Harwood, 1986, pl. 8, figs. 8-10; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 13, figs. 1, 2, 6-8, 10, 11, 13.
Synonym: Actinocyclus fryxellae Barron in Baldauf and Barron, 1991, p. 585, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, 4.; Cestodiscus sp. of McCollum, 1975, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2; Cestodiscus sp. 1 of Schrader, 1976, pl. 12, fig. 6? (Pl. P20, figs. 5-8; Pl. P24, fig. 8; Pl. P26, fig. 1; Pl. P27, fig. 9).
Actinocyclus octonarius Ehrenberg, 1838; Hustedt, 1930, p. 525, fig. 298; Akiba, 1986, pl. 16, fig. 4 (Pl. P20, fig. 3).
Actinocyclus cf. octonarius (Pl. P21, fig. 9; Pl. P33, fig. 2).
Amphora spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P6, figs. 6, 7).
Arachnoidiscus ehrenbergii Ehrenberg, 1849; Hustedt, 1930, p. 471, fig. 262; Gombos, 1977, p. 592, pl. 6, fig. 1, pl. 26, fig. 4 (no illustration).
Asteromphalus spp. (not determined to species level) (no illustration).
Azpeitia endoi (Kanaya) Sims and Fryxell in Fryxell et al. of Baldauf and Barron, 1991, p. 586; Gladenkov and Barron, 1995, p. 31.
Synonym: Coscinodiscus endoi Kanaya, 1959; McCollum, 1975, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6; Schrader, 1976, pl. 11, figs. 8-10, 12; Gombos, 1977, pl. 2, figs. 6, 7; Azpeitia tabularis (Grunow) Fryxell and Sims in Fryxell et al., 1986; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 701, pl. 11, fig. 5 (figure caption shown as Azpeitia endoi).
Remarks: This species is referred to as Azpeitia endoi (Kanaya) by Sims and Fryxell in Fryxell et al. (1986) by Baldauf and Barron (1991), although Gladenkov and Barron (1995) regarded A. endoi as a variant of A. tabularis. Fryxell et al. (1986), however, did not discuss A. endoi. Future discussion based on scanning electron microscope observation is required (Pl. P21, figs. 6, 7).
Azpeitia gombosii? Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 701, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2.
Remarks: A. gombosii is a late Oligocene taxon. A specimen was found in Sample 178-1097A-34R-CC of the upper Miocene A. ingens v. ovalis Zone and is considered to be reworked from the upper Oligocene (Pl. P33, fig. 6).
Azpeitia nodulifera (A. Schmidt) Fryxell and Sims in Fryxell et al., 1986, p. 19-20, figs. XVII, XVIII-1, 2, 4, 5 (SEM); XXX-3, 4 (LM).
Synonym: Coscinodiscus nodulifer Schmidt; McCollum, 1975, pl. 5, figs. 7, 8; Schrader, 1976, pl. 11, fig. 3; Coscinodiscus vetustissimus Pantocsek, 1886-1892; Schrader, 1976, pl. 11, fig. 11; Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenberg var. nodulifer Reinhold, 1937; Hajós, 1976, pl. 4, figs. 10, 11, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4 (Pl. P21, figs, 1, 3; Pl. P29, figs. 3a, 3b).
Azpeitia tabularis (Grunow) Fryxell and Sims in Fryxell et al., 1986, p. 16, figs. XIV, XV; XXX-I; Tanimura, 1992, figs. 3-10, 5-4.
Synonym: Coscinodiscus tabularis Grunow, 1884, p. 86; Schrader, 1976, pl. 11, fig. 5; Fenner et al., 1976, pl. 7, figs 10-13; Akiba, 1982, pl. 2, figs. 6-9; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 2, fig. 10 (Pl. P21, fig. 4).
Bacteriastrum spp. (not determined to species level) (no illustration).
Basilicostephanus? sp.
Remarks: Valve cylindrical. Pervalvar axis short, slightly curved. Valve face is circular and slightly convex, with radial punctate striae. Distinct central area. Possibly in the genus Basilicostephanus, as described by Gersonde and Harwood (1990, p. 371; type species is B. ornatus Gersonde and Harwood, 1990, p. 371, pl. 3, fig. 4, pl. 4, figs. 5-12, 15-17, pl. 5, figs. 1-8) from lower Cretaceous sediments. Basilicostephanus? sp. is found in Sample 178-1103A-34R-CC of the upper Miocene and is considered to be reworked (Pl. P28, fig. 21).
Chaetoceros sp. A of Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 701, pl. 19, figs. 5-7 (Pl. P5, fig. 22).
Chaetoceros spp. (resting spores) (Pl. P23, figs. 6, 7; Pl. P27, fig. 10; Pl. P28, figs. 22-28).
Cocconeis californica (Grunow) Grunow in Van Heurck, 1909; Krebs, 1983, pl. 1, fig. 7 (Pl. P6, fig. 11).
Cocconeis sp. cf. C. californica (Pl. P6, fig. 12; Pl. P27, fig. 12).
Cocconeis costata Gregory, 1857; Akiba, 1982, pl. 7, fig. 12; Harwood et al., 2000, fig. 9h; Cocconeis sp. D of Harwood, 1986, pl. 6, fig. 9 (Pl. P6, fig. 16).
Cocconeis sp. aff. C. costata.
Remarks: This taxa group includes Cocconeis sp. of Gombos, 1977, pl. 5, figs. 6, 7 (Pl. P6, figs. 15, 19; Pl. P29, fig. 12).
Cocconeis sp. aff. Cocconeis fasciolata (Ehrenberg) Brown, 1920, p. 232 (Pl. P6, fig. 20).
Cocconeis sp. (Pl. P6, figs. 13, 14).
Cocconeis? sp. (Pl. P6, fig. 21).
Corethron spp. (not determined to species level).
Remarks: This genus may be mainly composed of Corethron criophilum Castracane, 1886 (references: Fenner, et al., 1976, p. 771; Krebs, 1983, pl. 2, figs. 4a, 4b). Nearly monospecific ooze of Corethron spp. is present as pale brown-gray colored laminae in Palmer Deep Sites 1098 and 1099 (see the Leg 178 Initial Reports volume). Fragments are observed in upper Miocene and Pliocene sediments but never appear as a complete valve at the Leg 178 sites on the continental rise and shelf (Pl. P7, fig. 13; Pl. P32, figs. 6, 7).
Coscinodiscus asteromphalus Ehrenberg, 1844, p. 77; Hustedt, 1930, p. 452, fig. 250; Harwood, 1986, pl. 5, fig. 14 (no illustration).
Coscinodiscus elegans Greville, 1866; Kanaya, 1959, p. 75, pl. 3, figs. 6, 7 (Pl. P22, fig. 3).
Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenberg; Hustedt, 1930; McCollum, 1975, pl. 5, figs. 7, 8; Hajós, 1976, pl. 20, figs. 9, 10; Gombos, 1977, pl. 5, fig. 5; Akiba, 1982, pl. 1, fig. 8; Akiba, 1986, p. 442, pl. 1, figs. 1-4 (Pl. P30, figs. 2a, 2b; Pl. P31, fig. 5).
Coscinodiscus oculus-iridus Ehrenberg; Schmidt, 1928, in Schmidt et al., 1874-1959, pl. 113, fig. 1; Harwood, 1986, pl. 5, fig. 9; Harwood, 1989, pl. 1, fig. 1 (no illustration).
Coscinodiscus cf. radiatus Ehrenberg sensu Hajós, 1976, pl. 4, figs. 12-14; pl. 5, figs. 3-5 (Pl. P22, fig. 1).
Coscinodiscus sp. A sensu Akiba, 1986, p. 442, pl. 16, fig. 8 (Pl. P22, fig. 4).
Crucidenticula kanayae Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 486, pl. 1, figs. 3-8, pl. 3, figs. 1-6, 9-11; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 7, fig. 15 (no illustration).
Crucidenticula kanayae cf. var. pacifica Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 229, pl. 1, figs. 36-38.
Synonym: Denticulopsis lauta (Bailey) Simonsen and Kanaya sensu Baldauf and Barron, 1991; Denticulopsis hustedtii var. aspera Maruyama in Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 702, pl. 10, figs. 8-11, 15, 16 (Pl. P1, figs. 11-12).
Cyclotella spp. (not determined to species level).
Remarks: Cyclotella spp. includes Cyclotella sp. cf. Cyclotella pantanelli Castr. (Schmidt, et al., 1928, pl. 223, figs. 1-5).
Dactyliosolen antarcticus Castracane, 1886; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 18, fig. 12.
Synonym: Genus et species indet (D) of Gombos, 1977, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4, pl. 10, figs. 1-3 (Pl. P7, fig. 14).
Delphineis spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P6, figs. 9, 10; Pl. P29, fig. 8).
Denticulopsis crassa Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 248, pl. 3, figs. 21-27, pl. 12, figs. 1-8.
Synonym: Denticulopsis hustedtii (closed copula) of Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 9, figs. 19, 20, pl. 10, fig. 13 (Pl. P1, figs. 15 [valve view], 16-18 [closed copula]).
Denticulopsis delicata Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 246, pl. 7, figs. 1-4.
Remarks: Valve delicate, linear, and slender. Valve face hyaline. Pseudosepta equally spaced. Poorly developed narrow basal ridge. Yanagisawa and Akiba (1990) mentioned that Denticula aff. seminae (no illustration) of Schrader (1976), which was present in the uppermost middle to lowermost upper Miocene sequence from the Southern Ocean, might be a synonym of this species. D. delicata was common in the upper Miocene Actinocyclus kennetii Zone and Thalassiosira torokina Zone of Site 1095 (Pl. P2, figs. 9-16; Pl. P28, figs. 3-5).
Denticulopsis sp. cf. D. delicata.
Remarks: This species is also similar to Neodenticula sp. A sensu Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986 (p. 492, pl. 21, figs. 29-31, pl. 24, figs. 12-18, pl. 25, figs. 1-7). However, Neodenticula sp. A has a more oval valve outline and is present in only the Quaternary section (Pl. P2, figs. 1-3 [valve view], 4 [girdle view]).
Denticulopsis dimorpha var. areolata Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 257, pl. 4, figs. 40, 41, 50-54, pl. 5, figs. 13-17, pl. 6, figs. 1-5, 15-23, pl. 12, figs. 15, 16.
Synonym: Denticula dimorpha Schrader, 1973a; Schrader, 1976, pl. 4, figs. 29-32; Denticula cf. dimorpha Schrader; Gombos, 1977, pl. 8, figs. 9-12; Denticulopsis lauta (Bailey) Simonsen and Kanaya, 1961; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 7, fig. 3; Denticulopsis dimorpha (Schrader) Simonsen, 1979, p. 64; Akiba, 1982, pl. 11, fig. 8; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 7, fig. 4; Denticulopsis ovata (Schrader) Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, pl. 6, fig. 9; Denticulopsis dimorpha (Schrader) Simonsen emend. Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, of Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 6, figs. 5-7, pl. 9, figs. 5-9, 15-18, 22?, 23, pl. 10, figs. 5, 6, 12 (Pl. P1, fig. 19 [closed copula]).
Denticulopsis hustedtii (Simonsen and Kanaya) Simonsen emend. Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 246-248, pl. 3, figs. 14-19, pl. 11, figs. 11-13.
Synonyms: Denticula hustedtii Simonsen and Kanaya, 1961; Schrader, 1976, pl. 4, figs. 2, 8 (Pl. P1, figs. 9, 13, 14).
Denticulopsis maccollumii Simonsen, 1979; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 702-703, pl. 6, fig. 22, pl. 7, fig. 17, pl. 9, fig. 27.
Synonyms: Denticula cf. antarctica McCollum, 1975; Gombos, 1977, pl. 12, figs. 9, 10 (Pl. P3, fig. 10).
Denticulopsis ovata (Schrader) Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 257-258, pl. 6, figs. 6-8, 10-14, 24-32 (not including fig. 9).
Synonyms: Denticula hustedtii? Simonsen and Kanaya; Gombos, 1977, pl. 8, fig. 5; Denticula hustedtii var. ovata Schrader, 1976, pl. 4, figs. 12, 14, 15; Denticula lauta Bailey; Schrader, 1976, pl. 4, figs. 7, 10, 11, 13; Denticula lauta var. ovata Schrader, 1976, pl. 4, fig. 7; Denticulopsis dimorpha (Schrader) Simonsen; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 4, figs. 10-12; Denticulopsis cf. dimorpha (Schrader) Simonsen sensu Akiba, 1982, pl. 10, figs. 12, 15; Denticulopsis meridionalis Maruyama in Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 702-703, pl. 6, figs. 1-4, pl. 7, figs. 1-4, 6-9, 11-13, pl. 9, figs. 1-4, 10-14.
Remarks: The rare and sporadic occurrence of this species in upper Miocene sediment from the western Antarctic Peninsula leads to its consideration as a reworked specimen (Pl. P1, fig. 20 [closed copula]).
Denticulopsis praehyalina Tanimura emend. Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 239, pl. 2, figs. 28-32, pl. 9, figs. 5-7 (Pl. P1, fig. 10a, 10b).
Denticulopsis simonsenii Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 242-243, pl. 3, figs. 1-3, pl. 11, figs. 1, 5.
Synonym: Denticulopsis hustedtii (Simonsen and Kanaya) Simonsen, 1979; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 54, figs. 10-13 (Pl. P1, figs. 1-6; Pl. P28, figs. 1a, 1b, 2].
Denticulopsis vulgaris (Okuno) Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 243-244, pl. 3, figs. 4-8, pl. 11, figs. 2, 6-10 (Pl. P1, figs. 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b].
Diploneis spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P6, fig. 17).
Eucampia antarctica (Castracane) Mangin, 1914; Hasle and Syvertsen, 1990, pl. 16.1, figs. 7-13.
Synonym: Eucampia balaustium Castracane, 1886; Schrader, 1976, pl. 14, fig. 7; Fenner et al., 1976, p. 774, pl. 5, figs. 7-10; Gombos, 1977, pl. 1, figs. 1-5; Akiba, 1982, pl. 6, figs. 1-9; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 1, fig. 12; Webb et al., 1984, fig. 2.3; Tanimura, 1992, p. 407, figs. 3-13 (Pl. P7, fig. 12; Pl. P27, fig. 6].
Fragilariopsis arcula (Gersonde) Gersonde and Bárcena, 1998, p. 92.
Synonym: Nitzschia arcula Gersonde, 1991, p. 143-144, pl. 2, fig. 4, pl. 4, fig. 4, pl. 5, figs. 1-6; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 1, figs. 25, 26 (Pl. P4, figs. 25-28; Pl. P4, fig. 8 [cf.]).
Fragilariopsis aurica (Gersonde) Gersonde and Bárcena, 1998, p. 92.
Synonym: Nitzschia aurica Gersonde, 1991, p. 144-146, pl. 1, figs. 18-25, pl. 3, fig. 5, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6, pl. 7, fig. 6; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 2, figs. 10-12 (Pl. P4, figs. 24-28; Pl. P25, fig. 2; Pl. P28, fig. 7].
Fragilariopsis barronii (Gersonde) Gersonde and Bárcena, 1998, p. 92.
Synonym: Nitzschia barronii Gersonde, 1991, p. 146-147, pl. 3, fig. 6, pl. 4, figs. 1-3, pl. 5, figs. 7-17; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 1, figs. 11, 12; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 7, fig. 14; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 17, fig. 27 (Pl. P25, fig. 3).
Fragilariopsis aff. barronii 1.
Remarks: Including Nitzschia barronii Gersonde sensu Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 17, fig. 28 (Pl. P3, fig. 7).
Fragilariopsis aff. barronii 2 (Pl. P4, figs. 12, 13).
Fragilariopsis curta (Van Heurck) Hustedt, 1958, p. 160, pl. 11, figs. 140-144; Hasle, 1965, p. 32, pl. 6, fig. 6, pl. 12, figs. 2-5, pl. 13, figs. 1-6, pl. 16, fig. 6, pl. 17, fig. 5.
Synonym: Nitzschia curta (Van Heurck) Hasle, 1972, p.115; Akiba, 1982, pl. 10, figs. 1-2; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2; Gersonde, 1984, pl. 1, fig. 5; Tanimura, 1992, p. 407, figs. 4.17-4.23 (no illustration).
Fragilariopsis interfrigidaria (McCollum) Gersonde and Bárcena, 1998, p. 92.
Synonym: Nitzschia interfrigidaria McCollum, 1975, p. 535, pl. 9, fig. 9; Ciesielski, 1983, p. 655, pl. 1, figs. 11-18; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 1, figs. 1-3; Nitzschia praeinterfrigidaria (transitional to N. interfrigidaria) of Ciesielski, 1983, pl. 2, figs. 15, 16.
Remarks: Transitional form of Ciesielski (1983) has been included herein into F. interfrigidaria (Pl. P3, figs. 16, 17).
Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (O'Meara) Hustedt, 1958, p. 162, pl. 10, figs. 121-127, pl. 12, fig. 158; Hasle, 1965, p. 14-18, pl. 3, figs. 4, 5, pl. 4, figs. 11-18, pl. 5, figs. 1-11, pl. 6, figs. 2-4, pl. 7, fig. 9, pl. 8, fig. 10, pl. 16, figs. 3-5.
Synonym: Nitzschia kerguelensis (O'Meara) Hasle, 1972; Fenner et al., 1976, p. 776, pl. 2, figs. 19-30; Gombos, 1977, pl. 8, figs, 13, 14; Akiba, 1982, pl. 9, figs. 1-4; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 1, figs. 7-11; Krebs, 1983, pl. 4, fig. 7a, 7b; Harwood, 1983, fig. 2.6 (Webb et al., 1984, fig. 2.4); Tanimura, 1992, p. 407, figs. 4.1-4.9; Fragilariopsis antarctica (Castracane) Hustedt sensu Hirano, 1983, pl. 6, fig. 8 (Pl. P3, figs. 1-3; Pl. P24, fig. 3; Pl. P24, fig. 1?).
Fragilariopsis sp. aff. F. kerguelensis (Pl. P3, fig. 4).
Fragilariopsis lacrima (Gersonde) Gersonde and Bárcena, 1998, p. 92.
Synonym: Nitzschia lacrima Gersonde, 1991, p. 148, pl. 1, figs. 1-6, 26, pl. 2, figs. 1-3; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 1, figs. 14, 15 (Pl. P4, fig. 3).
Fragilariopsis praecurta (Gersonde) Gersonde and Bárcena, 1998, p. 92.
Synonym: Nitzschia praecurta Gersonde, 1991, p. 148-149, pl. 1, figs. 7-17, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6, pl. 3, figs. 3, 4, pl. 10, fig. 7; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 1, figs. 21-24 (Pl. P4, figs. 19-23; Pl. P28, fig. 8).
Fragilariopsis praeinterfrigidaria (McCollum) Gersonde and Bárcena, 1998, p. 92; Nitzschia cf. praeinterfrigidaria, Ciesielski, 1983, pl. 3, figs. 1-4; Nitzschia interfrigidaria McCollum, 1975, pl. 9, fig. 8.
Synonym: Nitzschia praeinterfrigidaria McCollum, 1975, p. 535, pl. 10, fig. 1; Ciesielski, 1983, p. 665, pl. 2, figs. 1-8, 13, 14, pl. 3, fig. 5; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 1, figs. 4-10; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 7, fig. 12.
Remarks: Length = 20-60 µm, width = 6.5-9 µm. Transapical ribs = 10-11 in 10 µm. Transitional forms between N. praeinterfrigidaria and N. interfrigidaria sensu Ciesielski (1983) have been excluded from this taxon (Pl. P3, figs. 13-15).
Fragilariopsis sp. cf. F. praeinterfrigidaria.
Remarks: Length = 32-66 µm, width = 7-8 µm. Transapical ribs = 8-9 in 10 µm (Pl. P3, figs. 11, 12).
Fragilariopsis pseudonana Hasle, 1965, p. 22-24, pl. 1, figs. 7-14, pl. 4, figs. 20, 21, pl. 8, figs. 1-9, pl. 17, fig. 6.
Synonym: Nitzschia pseudonana Hasle, 1972; Fenner et al., 1976, p. 777, pl. 2, figs. 6-11 (Pl. P4, figs. 5-7).
Fragilariopsis ritscherii Hustedt, 1958, p. 164, pl. 11, figs. 133-136, pl. 12, fig. 153; Hasle, 1965, p. 20-21, pl. 1, fig. 20, pl. 3, fig. 3, pl. 4, figs 1-10, pl. 5, figs. 12, 13, pl. 6, fig. 1, pl. 7, fig. 8.
Synonym: Nitzschia ritscherii (Hustedt) Hasle, 1972; Fenner et al., 1976, p. 777, pl. 3, figs. 1-12; Akiba, 1982, pl. 9, figs. 5-10; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 1, fig. 6; Tanimura, 1992, p. 409, figs. 4-10~13; Nitzschia sp. A of Gombos, 1977, pl. 7, figs. 7, 8 (no illustration).
Fragilariopsis separanda Hustedt, 1958, p. 165, pl. 10, figs. 108-112.
Synonym: Nitzschia separanda (Hustedt) Hasle, 1972; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4; Tanimura, 1992, p. 409, figs. 4-27~29 (no illustration).
Fragilariopsis weaveri (Ciesielski) Gersonde and Bárcena, 1998, p. 93.
Synonym: Nitzschia weaveri Ciesielski, 1983, p. 625, pl. 1, figs. 1-10; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 7, fig. 5.
Remarks: Length = 28-38 µm, width = 6-8.5 µm. Transapical ribs = 9.5-11 in 10 µm, transapical parallel. There is one large circular to elliptical pore on the valve margin between distinct transapical ribs. Valves are elliptical-linear and strongly silicified. Ciesielski (1983) considered this species as the descendant of N. interfrigidaria and mentioned the gradual reduction in the abundance of punctae on the valve face. Barron (1996) used this species as a proxy of southward migration of the Polar Front. N. weaveri is observed from middle Pliocene samples in Hole 1095B but never dominated the assemblage (Iwai, 2000a, 2000b, 2001) (Pl. P3, figs. 18-20).
Gomphonema spp. (not determined to species level) (no illustration).
Grammatophora spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P6, figs. 1-3 [valve view], fig. 4 [girdle view]).
Hemidiscus cuneiformis Wallich; Fenner, et al., 1976, p. 774, pl. 11, fig. 17; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 11, fig. 11 (Pl. P21, fig. 2).
Hemidiscus karstenii Jousé; Gombos, 1977, pl. 4, fig. 8; Akiba, 1982, pl. 5, figs. 1-4; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 2, fig. 6 (Pl. P21, fig. 5).
Hyalodiscus spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P29, fig. 7a, 7b).
Melosira omma Cleve; Schmidt, 1928, in Schmidt et al., 1874-1959, pl. 179, fig. 23.
Synonym: Melosira arctica (Ehrenberg) Dickie?; Hirano, 1983, pl. 7, figs. 6-9 (Pl. P8, figs. 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b; Pl. P31, fig. 6).
Melosira? sp. (Pl. P8, fig. 8).
Navicula spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P27, fig. 11).
Nitzschia angulata (O'Meara) Hasle, 1972; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 1, fig. 5; Krebs, 1983, pl. 4, fig. 2; Tanimura, 1992, p. 407, figs. 4-24~26 (Pl. P3, fig. 6).
Nitzschia clementia Gombos, 1977, p. 595, pl. 8, figs. 18, 19; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 2, figs. 22, 23; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 17, fig. 18 (Pl. P4, figs. 1, 2).
Nitzschia cylindrica Burckle, 1972, p. 239, pl. 2, figs. 1-6; Gombos, 1977, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 1, fig. 27; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 7, fig. 10 (Pl. P2, figs. 5, 6).
Nitzschia donahuensis Schrader, 1976, p. 633, pl. 2, fig. 30; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 1, figs. 16-18; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 7, fig. 6 (no illustration).
Nitzschia grossepunctata Schrader, 1976, p. 633, pl. 3, figs. 3, 4; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 2, fig. 36; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 10, fig. 2 (no illustration).
Nitzschia januaria Schrader, 1976, p. 634, pl. 2, figs. 25-29; Ciesielski 1986, pl. 3, fig. 5; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 5, fig. 10 (Pl. P4, fig. 18).
Nitzschia marina Grunow sensu Baldauf; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 7, fig. 11 (Pl. P2, fig. 17a, 17b).
Nitzschia pliocena (Brun) Mertz, 1966; Akiba, 1986, p. 443, pl. 23, figs. 6-9 (Pl. P2, fig. 7; cf. fig. 8).
Nitzschia pusilla Schrader, 1976; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 2, figs. 17-19 (Pl. P28, fig. 9).
Nitzschia reinholdii Kanaya ex Schrader, 1973b; Akiba, 1986, pl. 22, figs. 4-5; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 2, fig. 1 (Pl. P28, fig. 13).
Nitzschia sp. 17 sensu Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 7, fig. 16.
Remarks: This taxon should be included in the N. interfrigidaria coarse punctation form. This group is considered to be an intermediate form between N. interfrigidaria s.s. and N. weaveri, as mentioned in remarks of N. interfrigidaria coarse punctation form (no illustration).
Nitzschia sp. A sensu Gersonde, 1991 (Pl. P3, fig. 8).
Nitzschia spp. (Pl. P3, figs. 5, 9; Pl. P4, figs. 4, 9-11, 14-17).
Odontella spp. (not determined to species level).
Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve, 1873; Sancetta, 1982, p. 235, pl. 3, figs. 13-15.
Synonym: Melosira sulcata (Ehrenberg) Kützing; Hustedt, 1930, p. 276, fig. 119 (Pl. P8, fig. 7; Pl. P25, fig. 17; Pl. P29, fig. 9; Pl. P32, fig. 2).
Porosira pseudodenticulata (Hustedt) Jousé; Scherer, 1991, pl. III, fig. 5.
Synonym: Thalassiosira sp. 9 of Schrader, 1976, pl. 13, fig. 4a, 4b, pl. 15, figs. 11, 12 (no illustration).
Porosira spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P29, fig. 11; Pl. P30, figs. 5a, 5b, 10a, 10b).
Porosira? spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P18, figs. 3a-3c, 9).
Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sündstrom; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 18, figs. 15, 17).
Synonym: Rhizosolenia alata Brightwell, 1858; Schrader, 1976, pl. 9, fig. 10; Akiba, 1986, pl. 18, fig. 6; Tanimura, 1992, figs. 3-16; Rhizosolenia alata f. inermis (Castracane) Hustedt; Akiba, 1982, pl. 7, fig. 5 (Pl. P5, fig. 21).
Proboscia barboi (Brun) Jordan and Priddle, 1991, p. 56; Gersonde and Bárcena, 1998, p. 93.
Synonym: Rhizosolenia barboi (Brun) Tempčre and Peragallo; McCollum, 1975, pl. 11, fig. 13; Simonseniella barboi (Brun) Fenner; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 11, fig. 13 (no illustration).
Proboscia praebarboi (Schrader) Jordan and Priddle, 1991, p. 56.
Synonym: Rhizosolenia praebarboi Schrader; Schrader, 1976, pl. 9, fig. 14; Rhizosolenia barboi Brun; Schrader, 1976, pl. 9, fig. 13 (Pl. P5, fig. 23).
Rhabdonema spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P6, figs. 18, 22).
Rhizosolenia costata Gersonde, 1991, p. 149-150, pl. 9, figs. 1-6, pl. 10, figs. 1-6; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 3, fig. 6; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2 (Pl. P7, fig. 11).
Rhizosolenia costata var. A of Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 705, pl. 18, figs. 3, 4 (Pl. P7, fig. 10).
Rhizosolenia hebetata f. hiemalris Gran.; Schrader, 1976, pl. 9, fig. 3; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 7, fig. 7 (Pl. P7, figs. 4, 5; Pl. P25, fig. 12; Pl. P32, fig. 4).
Rhizosolenia sp. aff. R. hebetata f. bidens Heiden.
Remarks: Similar to Rhizosolenia hebetata f. bidens Heiden (Fenner et al., 1976, p. 778, pl. 13, fig. 8; Akiba, 1982, pl. 7, fig. 20) by its twin apical structures. However, the apical portion of this species is strongly silicified like that of Rhizosolenia sp. D of Harwood and Maruyama (1992), although R. hebetata f. bidens has smoother apical spines (Pl. P7, fig. 9).
Rhizosolenia minima Schrader, 1976, p. 635, pl. 15, figs. 1-3; Akiba, 1982, pl. 7, fig. 6 (Pl. P7, fig. 7).
Rhizosolenia setigera Brightwell 1858; Akiba, 1986, pl. 18, fig. 5 (Pl. P7, fig. 6; Pl. P32, fig. 5).
Rhizosolenia styliformis Brightwell 1858; Schrader, 1976, pl. 9, fig. 4; Fenner, et al., 1976, p. 779, pl. 13, figs. 3-5, 9; Akiba, 1982, pl. 7, figs. 3, 4 (Pl. P7, figs. 1-3; Pl. P28, figs. 18, 19).
Rhizosolenia sp. C of Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 18, figs. 5, 6 (Pl. P25, fig. 13).
Rhizosolenia sp. D of Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 705, pl. 18, figs. 7-10 (Pl. P7, fig. 8).
Rouxia californica Peragallo; Akiba, 1982, pl. 8, figs. 9, 10; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl., fig. 6 (Pl. P5, figs. 13, 14; Pl. P28, fig. 15).
Rouxia diploneides Schrader; McCollum, 1975, pl. 11, figs. 11, 12; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 17, fig. 12 (Pl. P5, fig. 8).
Rouxia heteropolara Gombos, 1974; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 5, fig. 2 (no illustration).
Rouxia heteropolara var. A of Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 706, pl. 17, figs. 14-17 (no illustration).
Rouxia isopolica Schrader, 1976, p. 635, pl. 5, figs. 14, 15; Akiba, 1982, pl. 8, figs. 1-7 (Pl. P5, fig. 9).
Rouxia naviculoides Schrader, 1976, pl. 5, fig. 13; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 4, fig. 16 (Pl. P5, figs. 1, 2).
Rouxia peragalli Brun and Héribaud; McCollum, 1975, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 5, figs. 7, 8 (Pl. P5, figs. 3-7).
Rouxia sp. 2 of Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 5, fig. 3 (no illustration).
Schimperiella antarctica Karsten, 1905; Fenner et al., 1976, p. 779, pl. 14, figs. 1-5; Akiba, 1982, pl. 3, figs. 1-6; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 3, figs. 1-4; Tanimura, 1992, figs. 3-7a, b (Pl. P23, figs. 1, 2a, 2b).
Stellarima spp. (not determined to species level).
Remarks: The species most probably observed in these samples is Stellarima microtrias (Ehrenberg) Hasle and Sims, 1986, which has the following synonym: Coscinodiscus stellaris var. symbolophorus (Grun.) Jörgensen, 1905; Hustedt, 1930, p. 396-398, fig. 208; McCollum, 1975, pl. 6, figs. 1-3; Coscinodiscus symbolophorus group 3 of Schrader, 1976, pl. 7, fig. 3; Coscinodiscus symbolophorus group 4 of Schrader, 1976, pl. 10 fig. 1 (Pl. P10, figs. 4a-4c; Pl. P14, fig. 3; Pl. P23, figs. 3, 4; Pl. P24, fig. 5a, 5b; Pl. P31, figs. 4a-4c).
Stephanogonia spp. (not determined to species level).
Remarks: Some specimens can be identified as Stephanogonia hanzawae Kanaya, 1959, p. 118, pl. 11, figs. 3-7; McCollum, 1975, pl. 12, fig. 6 (Pl. P8, figs. 3, 4).
Stephanopyxis barbadiensis (Greville) Grunow, 1884; McCollum, 1975, pl. 12, figs. 1-14 (= Stephanopyxis turris [Greville et Arnott] Ralfs Group of Harwood, 1986) (Pl. P9, fig. 1).
Stephanopyxis turris (Greville and Arnott) Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861, p. 826, pl. 5, fig. 74; Gombos, 1977, pl. 2, fig. 5; Sancetta, 1982, pl. 4, figs. 9-10; Akiba, 1982, pl. 1, fig. 9 (Pl. P31, fig. 2a, 2b).
Stephanopyxis superba (Greville) Grunow; Gombos, 1977, pl. 29, figs. 1-4; Harwood, 1989, pl. 2, figs. 14-20, 26 (Pl. P9, fig. 3a-3c).
Stephanopyxis grunowii Grove and Sturt in Schmidt et al., 1874-1959; Gombos, 1977, pl. 32, figs. 1-3; Stephanopyxis sp. 2.83 (St. "turris" of Schrader, 1976, pl. 13, fig. 7) (Pl. P9, fig. 2a, 2b).
Stephanopyxis sp. (Pl. P9, fig. 4a-4c).
Stictodiscus spp. (not determined to species level).
Remarks: Including Stictodiscus hardmanianus Greville, 1865; McCollum, 1975, pl. 13, figs. 1-4 (no illustration).
Synedra spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P5, fig. 17).
Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) H.&M. Peragallo; Hasle and Mendiola, 1967, p. 111-112, figs. 5, 11-17, 27-34, 39-44; Akiba, 1982, pl. 8, figs. 15-18 (Pl. P5, fig. 18).
Thalassionema nitzschioides var. parvum Heiden; Hasle, 2001, figs. 4, 26 (Pl. P5, figs. 15, 16).
Thalassionema frauenfeldii (Grunow) Hallegraeff, 1986, p. 62, figs. 54-67; Hasle, 2001, p. 22-25, figs. 54-67.
Synonym: Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii (Grunow) Grunow in Cleve and Grunow; Schrader, 1976, pl. 1, figs. 7-10 (Pl. P5, fig. 20).
Thalassiosira antarctica Comber, 1896; Fryxell et al., 1981, figs. 1-33; Akiba, 1982, pl. 4, figs. 5-6; Krebs, 1983, pl. 5, fig. 4a-4f.
Synonym: Thalassiosira resting spore 1 of Gersonde, 1984, pl. 1, fig. 10 (Pl. P24, fig. 1a, 1b).
Thalassiosira baldaufii Bodén, 1993, p. 68, pl. 1, figs. R-V, pl. 2, figs. A-G, pl. 4, fig. A (Pl. P17, figs. 3, 11?).
Thalassiosira complicata Gersonde, 1991, p. 150-151, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2, pl. 5, figs. 18-20, pl. 6, figs. 1-6, pl. 7, figs. 1-5; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 14, figs. 18-20.
Remarks: Valve disk-shaped, diameter = 17-30 µm, with small central depression. A ring of strutted processes, spaced 2-4 in 10 µm. Marginal strutted processes are regularly spaced, 5-6 in 10 µm (average = 2-µm interval). Gersonde (1991) remarked "T. complicata has some affinities to T. opposita Koizumi," which was described from upper Miocene sediments in the northwest Pacific Ocean (Koizumi, 1980, p. 39, pl. 1, figs. 15-17), "in the arrangement of areolae and the marginal and median rings of strutted processes." T. opposita differs by the presence of two central opposite processes that are surrounded by large and conspicuous areolae. A set of opposed central fultoportulae in the central hyaline field has been recognized by recent scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation (Shiono and Koizumi, pers. comm., 2000). T. complicata "early form" of Harwood and Maruyama (1992, pl. 14, fig. 21) is distinguished from T. complicata s.s. by the lack of middle processes and may be structurally close to T. jacksonii. T. plicata Schrader (1974) (Koizumi, 1980, pl. 3, figs. 22-25; = Thalassiosira cf. jacksonii of Akiba, 1986, p. 446, pl. 11, figs. 1, 5; Thalassiosira sp. E sensu Akiba, 1986, pl. 11, figs. 3, 4) is also similar to T. complicata by its arrangement of areolae and the ring of strutted processes in the middle of valve face. T. complicata, in general, is distinguished by a central hyaline area. However, it is not easy to distinguish completely between T. complicata and T. plicata with the optical microscope. Future SEM observation is required (Pl. P11, figs. 1-9; Pl. P12, fig. 1; cf. Pl. P26, fig. 3).
Thalassiosira elliptopora (Donahue) Fenner, 1991, p. 108, pl. 1, fig. 3, pl. 3, fig. 2; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 707, pl. 16, fig. 12.
Synonym: Coscinodiscus elliptopora Donahue, 1970; Gombos, 1977, p. 592, pl. 3, figs. 1-3, 6, pl. 9, fig. 3 (no illustration).
Thalassiosira fasciculata Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 707, pl. 15, figs. 4-6 (no illustration).
Thalassiosira gersondei Barron in Baldauf and Barron, 1991, p. 585, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, pl. 3, figs. 1, 3, 5, 6, pl. 5, fig. 4 (Pl. P22, figs. 6 (cf.) 7a, 7b).
Thalassiosira gracilis (Karsten) Hustedt, 1958; McCollum, 1975, pl. 14, fig. 3; Fenner et al., 1976, pl. 9, figs. 12-20; Akiba, 1982, pl. 4, figs. 11-12; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 2, figs. 4, 5; Gersonde, 1984, pl. 1, fig. 9; Tanimura, 1992, p. 409, figs. 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6 (Pl. P24, figs. 2a, 2b).
Thalassiosira sp. cf. T. gracilis (Pl. P12, figs. 4a, 4b).
Thalassiosira gravida Cleve, 1896; Fenner et al., 1976, p. 780, pl. 8, fig. 5; Akiba, 1986, p. 445, pl. 10, figs. 1-4 (no illustration).
Thalassiosira insigna (Jousé) Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 707, pl. 14, figs. 3-5.
Synonym: Cosmiodiscus insignis Jousé, 1959; McCollum, 1975, pl. 8, fig. 5; Gombos, 1977, p. 593, pl. 4, fig. 4; Harwood, 1983, fig. 2.16 (= Webb et al., 1984, fig. 2.2) (no illustration).
Thalassiosira inura Gersonde, 1991, p. 151, pl. 6, figs. 7-14; pl. 8, figs. 1-6; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 3, figs. 16, 17, pl. 5, fig. 14.
Remarks: Gersonde (1991) distinguished T. inura from T. jacksonii Koizumi and Barron in Koizumi (1980; p. 396, pl. 1, figs. 11-14) by its stronger areolation and by the absence of a strutted process located in the hyaline central area. However, according to the SEM observation of the type material of T. jacksonii by Shiono and Koizumi (pers. comm., 2000), a porelike structure of T. jacksonii, described as "a strutted process" in Koizumi (1980), is considered to be a central depression. The most distinguishable character should be the difference in density of marginal strutted processes (3-4 in 10 µm for T. inura [Gersonde, 1991] and 10-16 in 10 µm for T. jacksonii [Shiono and Koizumi, pers. comm., 2000]). Harwood and Maruyama (1992) noted the existence of T. inura in the uppermost Miocene sediments in Hole 747A. However, their T. inura Miocene form (Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 5, fig. 14) can be identified as T. jacksonii. The earliest appearance of T. inura in the Southern Ocean may be taxonomically confused with T. jacksonii (as already mentioned in Harwood and Maruyama, 1992) and other related species (Pl. P12, figs. 2, 3; Pl. P26, figs. 8, 9; Pl. P27, fig. 3).
Thalassiosira sp. 1 aff. T. inura.
Remarks: Diameter is almost always <10 µm. Thalassiosira sp. cf. T. jacksonii used during the Leg 178 cruise (Barker, Camerlenghi, Acton, et al., 1998) includes this taxon (Pl. P12, figs. 5, 6).
Thalassiosira sp. 2 aff. T. inura.
Remarks: This may include the species that has been previously described as Coscinodiscus symbolophorus group 4 of Schrader (1976, pl. 10, fig. 1) and C. symbolophorus Grunow v. oamaruensis Schmidt (Hajös, 1976, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2) (Pl. P13, fig. 1-4).
Thalassiosira kolbei (Jousé) Gersonde, 1990, p. 793, pl. 1, fig. 2, pl. 5, figs. 3, 5, 6; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 3, fig. 1.
Synonym: Coscinodiscus kolbei Jousé, 1962; McCollum, 1975, pl. 4, figs. 7-9 (no illustration).
Thalassiosira sp. cf. T. lambimarginata Bodén, 1993, p. 68, pl. 1, figs. L-Q (Pl. P16, fig. 13); Thalassiosira lentiginosa (Janisch) Fryxell, 1977, p. 100; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 707, pl. 19, fig. 15; Tanimura, 1992, p. 409, figs. 3-1, 3-9; 5-1, 5-2.
Synonym: Coscinodiscus lentiginosus Janisch in Schmidt, 1878; McCollum, 1975, pl. 5, fig. 1; Fenner et al., 1976, pl. 7, figs. 4-6; Gombos, 1977, p. 593; pl. 3, figs. 5, 6; Akiba, 1982, pl. 2, figs. 1-5; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8; Harwood, 1983, fig. 2.18 (= Webb et al., 1984, fig. 2.1) (Pl. P20, figs. 1, 4; Pl. P24, fig. 4).
Thalassiosira lentiginosa var. ovalis (Castracane) Fryxell, 1977, p. 100; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 707.
Synonym: Coscinodiscus obovatus Castracane 1886; McCollum, 1975, pl. 5, fig. 6; Coscinodiscus lentiginosus f. obovatus Ciesielski, 1983, pl. 4, figs. 6-8 (Pl. P20, fig. 2).
Thalassiosira mahoodii Barron in Baldauf and Barron, 1991, p. 585, pl. 2, figs. 3-5, pl. 3, figs. 2, 4, pl. 4, figs. 1-5 (Pl. P15, fig. 2).
Thalassiosira sp. aff. T. marujanica Sheshukova-Poretzkaya sensu Akiba, 1986, p. 446, pl. 6, figs. 5-7 (Pl. P18, figs. 5, 6, 8?).
Thalassiosira sp. (Pl. P8, fig. 1).
Thalassiosira nativa Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1959, p. 41, pl. 1, fig. 8, pl. 4, fig. 5; Schrader, 1976, pl. 12, figs. 8-11 (Pl. P19, figs. 9, 10).
Thalassiosira oestrupii (Ostenfeld) Proshkina-Lavrenko, 1949; Akiba, 1982, pl. 4, figs. 2, 8-10; Koizumi, 1982, pl. 2, figs. 1-3; Gersonde and Burckle, 1990, pl. 3, figs. 13, 14 (Pl. P16, figs. 9a, 9b, 10).
Thalassiosira sp. aff. T. oestrupii (Pl. P26, figs. 6a, 6b).
Thalassiosira oliverana (O'Meara) Makarova and Nikolaev, 1984; Scherer, 1991, pl. III, fig. 6; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 14, figs. 1, 2, 6 (Pl. P14, figs. 1, 2; Pl. P33, fig. 8, cf. Pl. P14, fig. 5).
Thalassiosira aff. oliverana (Pl. P14, fig. 10).
Thalassiosira oliverana var. sparsa Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 708, pl. 16, fig. 13; Scherer, 1991, pl. II, fig. 9.
Synonym: Cosmiodiscus intersectus (Brun) Jousé; McCollum, 1975, pl. 8, fig. 4; Baldauf and Barron, 1991, pl. 6, figs. 3, 6; Coscinodiscus insignis Brady; Harwood, 1986, pl. 8, figs. 4, 6 (Pl. P26, fig. 4, cf. figs. 6, 7; Pl. P33, fig. 9).
Thalassiosira sp. aff. T. oliverana var. sparsa (Pl. P14, fig. 3).
Thalassiosira oliverana-T. inura group (Pl. P12, figs. 7-10).
Thalassiosira praenidulus Akiba, 1986, p. 440, pl. 5, fig. 7, pl. 6, figs. 1-3 (Pl. P19, fig. 7).
Thalassiosira striata Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, p. 708, pl. 15, figs. 7-9 (Pl. P15, fig. 4; Pl. P27, figs. 2a, 2b).
Thalassiosira tetraoestrupii Bodén, 1993, p. 63-67, pl. 1, figs. A-G (Pl. P16, figs. 1-8).
Thalassiosira torokina Brady, 1977, p. 122-123, figs. 1-5; Ciesielski, 1983, pl. 7, figs. 3-6; Harwood, 1983, fig. 2.17 (= Webb et al., 1984, fig. 2.6); Harwood, 1986, pl. 8, figs. 2-3; Scherer, 1991, pl. II, fig. 4.
Synonym: Coscinodiscus excentricus Ehrenberg; Hirano, 1983, pl. 8, fig. 4.
Remarks: Gersonde and Burckle (1990) included affinities to Thalassiosira majuramica Sheshukova-Poretzkaya and T. torokina into T. majuramica-torokina group for their analysis on Leg 113 materials (Pl. P10, figs. 1a, 1b; Pl. P15, figs. 6a-6c, 7a, 7b; Pl. P24, fig. 6).
Thalassiosira aff. trifulta group.
Remarks: This taxon is dominant in the upper Miocene section at Site 1095. No similar species has been reported from any previous DSDP or ODP sites in the Southern Ocean. Future detailed study is needed (Pl. P19, figs. 1-6, 8; Pl. P30, figs. 3, 4, 9).
Thalassiosira vulnifica (Gombos) Fenner, 1991; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 15, fig. 1.
Synonym: Coscinodiscus vulnificus Gombos, 1977, p. 593, pl. 4, figs. 1-3; pl. 42, figs. 1, 2; Ciesielski, 1983, pl. 6, figs. 7, 8; Harwood, 1983, fig. 2.2 (= Webb et al., 1984, fig. 2.5); Coscinodiscus sp. 2 of McCollum, 1975, pl. 8, figs. 1, 2 (Pl. P15, fig. 1; Pl. P27, fig. 4).
Thalassiosira spp. (not determined to species level) (Pl. P14, fig. 11a, 11b; Pl. P16, fig. 14a, 14b; Pl. P17, figs. 21, 22; Pl. P18, figs. 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 4, 7, 8a, 8b; Pl. P26, fig. 4; Pl. P30, figs. 8, 11, 12).
Thalassiothrix antarctica Schimper ex Karsten, 1905, p. 124, pl. 17, fig. 12; Hasle and Syvertsen, 1990, pl. 17.1, figs. 46; Hasle, 2001, p. 39-40, figs. 104-106, 113-118.
Synonym: Thalassiothrix longissima sensu Schrader, 1976, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6, 17 (Pl. P5, fig. 19; Pl. P24, fig. 9; Pl. P28, fig. 16).
Thalassiothrix spp.
Remarks: Including Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve and Grunow; Akiba, 1982, pl. 8, fig. 19; Harwood and Maruyama, 1992, pl. 11, fig. 12; Hasle, 2001, p. 35-39, figs. 101-103, 107-112 (no illustration).
Trinacria spp. (not determined to species level).
Remarks: Including Trinacria excavata Heiberg, 1863; Schrader, 1976, pl. 14, fig. 15; Akiba, 1982, pl. 6, fig. 13 (Pl. P32, figs. 3a, 3b).
Gen. et sp. indet. B of Harwood et al., 2000, figs. 9s, 9t (Pl. P6, fig. 8).
Gen. et sp. indet. (Pl. P5, fig. 24; Pl. P8, fig. 2a, 2b).