O

oblique faults. See faults, oblique

ocean floors

age, A2:5

geophysical surveys, A2:4-5, 10, 12; A3:13

tholeiite, B1:3

oceanic crust. See crust, oceanic

oceanic layer 3, volcaniclastics, B8:11

offset beds, Formation Microscanner imaging, B24:5-6

oil, abundance, B10:5-7

oil drops

abundance, B10:5-7

photomicrograph, B10:28

Okiduse volcanics

mantle, B1:6

ophiolite, B1:3

Olduvai Subchron

magnetic polarity, A5:29-30; A6:51-52; A12:35

magnetostratigraphy, A1:4; A9:37

Oligocene, middle, hydrothermal alteration, B2:13

olivine

basalt, A7:16

lamprophyre, A7:15

lithostratigraphic units, B6:11

photomicrograph, A6:127; A10:32

volcaniclastic sand, B7:7

olivine, chromium-rich, sediments, B6:17-24

olivine grains

photomicrograph, B7:53-54

volcaniclastic sand, B7:6

olivine phenocrysts, photomicrograph, B8:42-43

Ontong Java Plateau

mantle, B1:6

MORB-normalized multielement diagram, B1:14

ooze, Pliocene-Pleistocene, A1:18-19

ooze, calcareous, lithostratigraphic units, A7:7-8

ooze, foraminifer-bearing nannofossil, lithostratigraphic units, A8:4

ooze, foraminifer-rich, lithostratigraphic units, A7:7-8

ooze, nannofossil

lithostratigraphic units, A5:7; A6:8; A7:7-8; A9:6; B6:5

photograph, A6:91; A9:68

ooze, silty clayey nannofossil, lithostratigraphic units, A7:10-11; A9:8-9

opal-A, pore water, A5:32-33

opal-CT, pore water, A5:32-33

ophiolite

correlation, B1:2-4

Paleogene, B6:19

sediment provenance, B6:17-24; B7:20

source terrains, B6:22

ophiolite clasts, volcaniclastics, B8:10-11

ophitic dolerite. See dolerite, ophitic

ophitic texture

dolerite, A7:14

metadolerite, A8:17-18

photomicrograph, A7:43

organic carbon. See carbon, organic

organic geochemistry. See geochemistry, organic

organic matter

abundance, B10:5-7

chromatographs, B16:5-9

degradation, A1:26-27

diagenesis, A6:56-59

lithostratigraphic units, A12:13; B6:13

maturation, B10:5-7

origin, B10:12

oxidation, A1:11; A9:40-41

photograph, A9:78

sediments, B(synthesis):15

thermal maturity, B16:4

organic matter, dispersed

photomicrograph, B10:33-34

sediments, B10:10

organic petrology, sediments, B10:1-36

orogeny, Paleogene, B(synthesis):4, 6

orthoconglomerate

photograph, A6:114

photomicrograph, A6:115

orthopyroxene, mineral chemistry, B8:10

overbank deposits, lithostratigraphic units, A6:33

overgrowths. See calcite overgrowths

overpressure, permeability, B23:7-8

overprinting, photomicrograph, A11:27

overturned bedding. See bedding, overturned

overturned folds. See folds, overturned

Owen Stanley Metamorphics

correlation, B1:2

evolution, A3:4; B7:20

lithostratigraphic units, A10:12

oxidation

organic matter, A1:11; A6:56; A9:40-41

photomicrograph, A12:91

sedimentation, A12:23

oxygen index, vs. hydrogen index, B16:11

oxygen isotopes

pore water, B17:1-20

vs. depth, B17:11

P

Pacific Ocean SW, marginal basins, B6:21

packstone

lithostratigraphic units, A6:12, 15, 23-24; A8:10; A9:14-15, 22-23; A12:18-19; B6:8, 11, 13

photograph, A6:97, 108-109; A9:88; A12:79

volcaniclastics, B8:4-5

packstone, pebbly, photograph, A9:88

palagonite, lithostratigraphic units, A9:21; A12:9

paleobathymetry

benthic foraminifers, A6:47-48

sedimentation rates, B(synthesis):33; B4:5-11

See also bathymetry

paleoceanography

calcareous nannofossils, A6:45

Pliocene, B11:4-5

tectonics, B6:42

Paleocene, dolerite, B(synthesis):5

paleoclimatology

Pliocene, B11:1-15

See also climate proxies

paleocurrents, tectonics, B6:42

paleoenvironment

Botryococcus colonies, B15:2

Pliocene, B(synthesis):10-12

See also anoxic sedimentation; bathyal sedimentation; beach sedimentation; coastal sedimentation; cyclic sedimentation; deep-water sedimentation; epiclastic sedimentation; fluvial sedimentation; freshwater environment; lagoonal sedimentation; littoral sedimentation; margin-slope sedimentation; marine sedimentation; nearshore sedimentation; neritic sedimentation; paralic sedimentation; shallow-marine sedimentation; shelf sedimentation; suboxic sedimentation; terrigenous sedimentation

Paleogene

basalt, A6:37-38

collision complxes, B(synthesis):4

ophiolite, B6:19

orogeny, B(synthesis):4, 6

paleogeography

late Miocene, B(synthesis):9

Pleistocene, B(synthesis):13-14

paleomagnetism

dolerite, A6:52-53

Site 1108, A5:27-30

Site 1109, A6:48-53

Site 1114, A8:29-30

Site 1115, A9:34-38

Site 1116, A10:15-16

Site 1117, A11:9-10

Site 1118, A12:33-35

Sites 1110-1113, A7:19-21

paleorift basins, Pliocene, B(synthesis):11

paleotransport, tectonics, B7:45

paleovallies, sedimentation, A6:32-33

paleowater depths, seismic profiles, B(synthesis):34

palisade cells, photomicrograph, B10:34

panidiomorphic texture, lamprophyre, A7:15

Papua New Guinea

continental extension, A1:1-77

tectonics, B2:1-35

Papua New Guinea E, regional geology, A3:14

Papuan Ophiolite Belt

lithostratigraphic units, A10:12

mantle, B1:6

Papuan Peninsula

basalt, A6:37

geophysical surveys, A2:4-5

provenance, B(synthesis):12

tectonics, A1:1-77; A3:3-6; B(synthesis):3

Papuan Plateau, tectonics, B(synthesis):4

Papuan Ultramafic Belt

dolerite, B(synthesis):5

evolution, A3:3-6

MORB-normalized multielement diagram, B1:12

ophiolite, B1:2-4

paraconglomerate

basement, B3:3-4

lithostratigraphic units, A10:6-7; A12:20-21; B6:13-14

petrography, B7:16

photograph, A5:64; A10:30; A12:80

photomicrograph, A12:81

paraconglomerate, calcareous, composition, A1:8

paraconglomerate, sandy, photograph, A12:84

paralic sedimentation

lithostratigraphic units, A6:29-30, 33

sandstone, B7:10, 18

parallel laminations. See laminations, parallel

partial melting, mantle, B1:6

passive continental margin. See continental margin, passive

peat

gelification, B10:5

intraclasts, B10:10-11

photomicrograph, B10:32

pebbles

dolerite, A7:14

granite porphyry, A7:13

lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9, 14; A6:23-24, 28-29; A8:5; A10:7-8; A12:19-20, 22

metadolerite, A7:14-15; A8:18

petrology, A11:5-6

photograph, A5:57, 64; A9:83, 88

photomicrograph, A7:47

Pleistocene, A1:12-13

sandstone, B7:13

structures, A12:30

volcaniclastics, B8:5-6

See also basalt pebbles; dolerite pebbles

pebbles, bioclastic, lithostratigraphic units, A9:23-24

pebbles, sandstone-coated, lithostratigraphic units, A12:22

pebbles, well-rounded, photograph, A12:80

pebblestone, lithostratigraphic units, B6:15

pegmatite, chemistry, A12:27

pegmatitic dolerite. See dolerite, pegmatitic

pelagics, lithostratigraphic units, A5:7; A8:57; A9:7

penetrative breccia. See breccia, penetrative

peralkaline rhyolite volcanism. See volcanism, peralkaline rhyolite

permeability

constant flow testing, B23:7

deformation, B(synthesis):17

numerical modeling, B23:7-8

pore-water geochemistry, B22:6

sediments, B22:20-21; B23:1-14

vs. depth, B23:13

vs. effective stress, B22:5-6, 15

permeability, vertical

sediments, B22:5, 19

vs. depth, B22:12

perthitic feldspar. See feldspar, perthitic

petrography

lithostratigraphic units, A5:12-13

sandstone, Trobriand Basin, B7:1-58

volcaniclastics, B8:1-44

pH

organic matter, A9:40-41

pore water, A6:54, 56; A7:21; A9:38; A12:36, 38

vs. depth, A6:162; A9:114; A12:118

phase diagrams

titanium oxide-potassium oxide-phosphorus oxide, A6:133

titanium-zirconium-yttrium, A6:134

phenoclasts. See amphibole phenoclasts; biotite phenoclasts; plagioclase phenoclasts

phenocrysts

clinopyroxene, A7:15

diabase, B3:6

granite porphyry, A7:13-14

lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9; A6:9-10; A12:14

photomicrograph, A5:63; A7:31, 42; A9:73, 76-77; A10:24, 31-33

See also amphibole phenocrysts; clinopyroxene phenocrysts; microphenocrysts; olivine phenocrysts; plagioclase phenocrysts

phenocrysts, relict, volcaniclastic sand, B7:7

phlobaphinite, macerals, B10:8

phosphorus, dolerite, B1:5

phosphorus oxide

sediments, B6:7, 11, 15

See also titanium oxide-potassium oxide-phosphorus oxide

photoelectric effect, vs. depth, A1:71

photoelectric effect logs

vs. depth, A6:186-189, 194, 196, 198, 200; A8:101-102; A9:135-138; A12:137-141

vs. spherically focused resistivity, B25:110

phyllite, lithostratigraphic units, A5:13; A7:9-10

physical properties

correlation of core data to downhole measurements, A6:69

sediments, B(synthesis):14

Site 1108, A5:35-40

Site 1109, A6:61-69

Site 1114, A8:32-38

Site 1115, A9:47-52

Site 1116, A10:17-20

Site 1117, A11:10-11, 45

Site 1118, A12:41-45

Sites 1110-1113, A7:22-25

physiography, tectonics, A1:32; B6:28

phytane, chromatograms, B16:14

phyterals, coal, B10:10-11

phytoclasts

reflectance, B10:11-12

vitrinite, B10:8-9

phytoplankton, dispersed organic matter, B10:10

pigeonite, diabase, B3:7

pilotaxitic basalt. See basalt, pilotaxitic

pilotaxitic texture

basalt, A7:16

photomicrograph, B7:57-58

volcaniclastic sand, B7:6-7

plagioclase

basalt, A7:16

composition, B8:21

gabbro, A11:5-8; B8:6-7

granite porphyry, A7:13-14

lithostratigraphic units, A5:7-9, 12-13; A6:28; A8:7-8; A10:5-6; A12:6, 9-11, 14-15, 17, 19, 22; B6:5-16

metadolerite, A7:14-15; A8:17-18

mica schist, A7:12-13

mineral chemistry, B3:20-21; B8:10

photomicrograph, A1:61-62; A5:48-49, 63; A6:94, 102, 107, 124; A7:31-33, 42-43, 45, 47-48, 53, 59-61, 79; A9:70, 76-77, 82, 86 A10:32-34; A11:16-17, 19-21; A12:74-75, 83, 91, 93-94; B3:26-28; B7:51-52, 57-58

secondary minerals, B3:8

temperature, B3:9

See also albite; andesine; bytownite; labradorite

plagioclase, altered, photomicrograph, A6:125; A12:92

plagioclase, angular, photomicrograph, A9:72, 80

plagioclase, magmatic, gabbro, B3:7

plagioclase, porphyroclastic, photomicrograph, B3:26

plagioclase, quench, photomicrograph, A7:46

plagioclase, subangular, photomicrograph, A9:76, 80, 84

plagioclase, zoned

photomicrograph, A9:70, 72

volcaniclastic sandstone, A7:16

xenoliths, A7:16

plagioclase clasts, mylonite, A11:5

plagioclase grains, photomicrograph, B7:49-50

plagioclase grains, subangular, photomicrograph, A12:85

plagioclase laths

photomicrograph, A6:126-127; A10:23, 31

quartz gabbro, B3:6

volcaniclastic sand, B7:6-7

plagioclase microliths, chemical composition, B8:40

plagioclase needles, photomicrograph, A10:32

plagioclase phenoclasts, chemical composition, B8:40

plagioclase phenocrysts, chemical composition, B8:40

planar structures

number, B25:113

orientation, B24:24; B25:33, 60, 88

planktonic foraminifers. See foraminifers, planktonic

plant fragments, photomicrograph, B10:33-34

plate boundaries

physiography, B(synthesis):27; B6:28; B8:16

tectonics, A1:32

Pleistocene

biostratigraphy, A5:24-27; A6:43-48; A7:17-19

deposition, A1:18-19

hemipelagite, A1:10

lithostratigraphic units, A6:7-15; A7:10-11; A8:4-6; A9:6-9; A12:4-7

paleogeography, B(synthesis):13-14

rifting, A3:5-6

sand, B7:20-21

sediment provenance, B6:1-53

sediments, A1:14-15; B6:18-24

Pleistocene, lower, lithostratigraphic units, A5:10-18

Pleistocene, upper

high-potassium volcanism, B6:19

lithostratigraphic units, A5:7

pleochroic amphibole. See amphibole, pleochroic

Pliocene

biostratigraphy, A5:24-27; A6:43-48

deposition, A1:18-19

evolution, A3:4-5

lithostratigraphic units, A6:13-24; A8:5-15; A10:4-12

low-potassium calc-alkalis, B6:19

paleoclimatology, B11:1-15

rifting, A3:5-6; B2:13

sediment provenance, B6:1-53

sedimentation rates, A1:9

sediments, A1:14-15; B6:18-24

subsidence, B(synthesis):10-12

turbidite facies, B9:1-30

Pliocene, lower

foraminifers, B12:1-5

lithostratigraphic units, A9:12-17; A12:16-19

sand, B7:18-19

sedimentation, A1:6

Pliocene, lower-upper, sand, B7:19-20

Pliocene, middle, lithostratigraphic units, A9:9-12; A12:7-10

Pliocene, middle-upper, lithostratigraphic units, A5:10-18

Pliocene, upper, lithostratigraphic units, A9:8-9; A12:4-18

plutonic fragments, volcaniclastic sand, B7:7

plutonic rocks

lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9

photomicrograph, A10:26

Pocklington Rise

basement, B(synthesis):6

geophysical surveys, A2:4-5

sea-floor spreading, B(synthesis):4

poikilitic texture, lithostratigraphic units, A6:35

polygenic arenite. See arenite, polygenic

polymict breccia. See breccia, polymict

pore water

geochemistry, A1:7, 25-26; A5:30-33, 122; A6:54-59, 257; A7:21, 81; A8:131; A9:39-45, 188; A12:36-39, 187; B17:1-20

permeability, B22:6

porosity

fault gouge, A11:11

limestone, B12:3

regression exponential curves, A5:91

sedimentation, A1:20-21

sediments, A1:25-26, 44-45; A5:35-37; A6:62-63; A7:23; A8:33-34; A9:48-49; A10:18; A12:42-43; B(synthesis):14

vs. depth, A1:11; A5:89; A6:170; A7:59-60; A8:92-93; A9:123; A10:59; A12:126; B22:9; B23:13

vs. dissolved silica, A6:165

porosity logs

vs. depth, A5:102; A6:186-189, 193-194, 196, 198, 200; A12:146

See also neutron porosity logs

porphyritic basalt. See basalt, porphyritic

porphyritic texture, volcaniclastic sand, B7:7

porphyroclasts

diabase, B3:6

hornblende, B3:8-9

mica schist, A7:12-13

photomicrograph, A7:37; B3:28

secondary minerals, B3:7-8

potassium

diagenesis, A9:42, 44

dolerite, A6:36; B1:4-5

lamprophyre, A7:15

metadolerite, A8:19

pore water, A1:25; A6:54-56; A7:21; A8:31; A9:39; A12:37-39

sediments, B6:19

vs. depth, A5:83; A6:163; A9:115; A12:119

See also high-potassium volcanism; low-potassium tholeiite

potassium feldspar

argon-argon dating, B2:25

lithostratigraphic units, B6:11

mineral chemistry, B8:10

potassium logs, vs. depth, A5:102; A6:182-185; A8:99-100; A9:131-134; A12:132-136

potassium oxide

lamprophyre, A7:15

metadolerite, A8:18

quartz gabbro, A11:6

sediments, B6:5-6, 8-11, 13-24

vs. aluminum oxide, B6:12, 14-16, 18, 33, 35-36, 39, 41

vs. iron oxide/magnesium oxide ratio, A12:95

vs. rubidium, B6:38

See also titanium oxide-potassium oxide-phosphorus oxide

precipitation

dolomite, A9:40

pyrite, A9:40

preferred orientation, structures, A5:22-23; A8:24

prehnite, photomicrograph, B8:43

prehnite grains, volcaniclastic sand, B7:6

prerift bedding. See bedding, prerift

preservation, fossils, A6:43-48

pressure, amphibole, B3:9

pressure, hydrostatic, fault zones, B(synthesis):17

pressure-temperature conditions

continental crust, B3:1-28

gabbro and diabase, B3:17

pressure shadows, fibrous quartz, structures, A11:7-8

pristane, chromatograms, B16:14

propane

sediments, A5:34; B18:4-14

vs. depth, A5:86

protoliths

fault gouge, A11:4

igneous rocks, A1:13

metamorphic rocks, A7:11-12

provenance

clasts, B8:9-12

clay, B17:5-6

lithostratigraphic units, A8:11-12

sediments, A5:17-19; B(synthesis):12; B6:1-53

tectonics, B7:44

volcaniclastic sand, B7:1-58

pseudomorphs

clinopyroxene, A7:15

textures, B3:5

pseudonodules, photograph, A8:54

pteropods, lithostratigraphic units, A9:6; B6:5-6

pumice

lithostratigraphic units, A6:9-10

photomicrograph, A1:60

pumiceous clasts

photomicrograph, A9:73

volcaniclastics, B8:8-9

pumpellyite grains, volcaniclastic sand, B7:6

purge-trap adsorption gas analysis, gases, B18:1-14

pyrite

clay, B17:20

diagenesis, B6:19

lithostratigraphic units, A7:9-10; A8:9; A9:12; A12:5-7, 10-12, 14, 17; B6:6-8, 11, 13, 15-16

photograph, A5:62

photomicrograph, B10:26, 28-29, 32

precipitation, A9:40

structures, A11:7-8

pyrite, euhedral, photomicrograph, A7:39

pyrite framboids, volcaniclastic sand, B7:6

pyrite grains, photomicrograph, A11:25

pyritization, claystone, A9:45

pyroclastics

lithostratigraphic units, A6:9-10; B6:9, 13

photograph, A9:69

pyrofusinite, photomicrograph, B10:29

pyrolysis, Rock-Eval, hydrocarbons, B16:3-4

pyrolysis gas chromatography, kerogen, B16:6

pyroxene

lithostratigraphic units, A5:7; A12:10, 14; B6:8-9, 12-13, 16

mineral chemistry, B8:9-10

photomicrograph, A6:94; A8:56; A10:33; A11:16-17

volcaniclastic sand, B7:7

See also aegirine; augite; clinopyroxene; orthopyroxene; pigeonite

pyroxene, chromium-rich, sediments, B6:17-24

pyroxene basalt. See basalt, pyroxene

pyroxene grains, volcaniclastic sand, B7:5

Q

quartz

clay, B17:6

dolerite, A7:14; A12:26

fault gouge, A11:4

granite porphyry, A7:13-14

lithostratigraphic units, A5:7-9, 12-14; A6:21-22; A8:4, 7-8; A10:5-6; A12:6, 8-11, 14-17, 19-20, 22; B6:5-13, 15-16

metadolerite, A7:14-15

mica schist, A7:12-13

mylonite, A11:6

photograph, A8:80; A11:28, 30

photomicrograph, A1-62; A5:48, 50-52, 63; A6:94, 99; A7:31-33, 35-36; A8:48, 52-53, 56, 76, 79; A9:80, 82, 84, 90; A10:25-26, 33-34; A11:16, 20, 29; A12:74-75; B3:28; B8:41

veins, A7:13; A8:17

volcaniclastic sand, B7:7

See also epidote-quartz schist

quartz, chalcedonic, lithostratigraphic units, A9:20

quartz, detrital, photomicrograph, A9:92

quartz, embayed, photomicrograph, B8:41

quartz, polycrystalline

lithostratigraphic units, A8:16

photomicrograph, A8:52; A9:76

quartz, sigmoidal lenses, photograph, A11:24

quartz gabbro

composition, A11:6

textures, B3:5-6

quartz grains

photomicrograph, A10:23; A12:62, 68

volcaniclastic sand, B7:4

vs. depth, B7:31-33, 39-42

quartz grains, elongated, photomicrograph, A8:66

quartz trachyte

petrology, A7:13

volcaniclastics, B8:9

quartz veins

photograph, A7:35; A8:62, 64, 76

photomicrograph, A7:35-36, 44

quartz-magnetite gabbro, fault zones, A11:6-7

quartzite, lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9

quartzo-feldspathic rocks, mylonitic, photomicrograph, A7:41-42

Quaternary

biostratigraphy, B4:1-13

evolution, A3:4-5

lithostratigraphic units, A7:7-8

radiolarians, B14:1-21

rifting and sedimentation, B(synthesis):13-14

sponge spicules, B13:1-8

quench textures, basalt, A7:16

R

radiolarians

biostratigraphy, B4:1-13

lithostratigraphic units, B6:10

Quaternary, B14:1-21

rare earths, sediments, B6:5-6, 10-11, 13, 16-24

reaction rims. See alteration rims

recrystallization

calcite, A9:40-41

lithostratigraphic units, A8:11-12

quartz gabbro, B3:5-6

veins, A7:13

recumbent folds. See folding, recumbent

reduction halos, lithostratigraphic units, A12:5

reflectance

maturation, B10:6

organic matter, B10:5

vitrinite, B10:11-12, 20-21

reflectors, correlation, B5:6-9

relics, photomicrograph, A7:37

remanent magnetic intensity logs, vs. depth, A5:95

remanent magnetization

discrete samples, A7:20-21; A10:69

ferrimagnetic minerals, A8:29-30

sediments, A6:50

remanent magnetization, characteristic

discrete samples, A7:20-21

dolerite, A6:52-53

sediments, A5:28-29; A9:36-37; A10:16; A12:34-35

remanent magnetization, isothermal

anisotropy, A11:35

discrete samples, A11:10

vs. depth, B20:8-10

remanent magnetization, natural

discrete samples, A11:9

sediments, A9:36-37; A10:16; A12:34-35

remanent magnetization, saturation, vs. depth, B20:8-10

resinite

coal, B10:10-11

photomicrograph, B10:30-31, 35

resins, chromatographs, B16:5-6, 19

resistivity, Formation Microscanner imaging, A6:210; A9:149-153

resistivity logs

vs. depth, A5:102; A6:182, 195, 197, 199, 201

See also microresistivity logs; neutron lithodensity porosity difference; shallow spherically focused current logs resistivity, spherically focused

vs. neutron lithodensity porosity difference, B25:110

vs. photoelectric effect logs, B25:110

retrograde metamorphism, intrusions, B3:8-10

Reunion Subchron

magnetic polarity, A6:51-52; A12:35

magnetostratigraphy, A1:4; A9:38

reverse faults. See faults, reverse

reworking

clasts, B8:12

lithostratigraphic units, A9:20; A10:7-8

sandstone, B7:10

rhodoliths

lithostratigraphic units, A6:24; A9:23; A12:20

photograph, A12:82

photomicrograph, A9:89

rhyolite clasts

age, B(synthesis):7

dating, B2:9-10, 27

rhyolite volcanism. See volcanism, peralkaline rhyolite

rift basins

deposition, A1:16-21

Formation Microscanner imaging, B25:15-16

sand, B7:1-58

sediment provenance, B6:1-53; B7:21-22

turbidite facies, B9:1-30

rift basins, deep water, sedimentation, A6:33-34

rifting

late Miocene, B(synthesis):8-10

P-T conditions, B3:10-11

Pliocene, B2:13

Quaternary, B(synthesis):13-14

sandstone, B7:21

sediment provenance, B6:20-24

sediments, B6:18-24

subsidence, A1:8-9

tectonics, A1:1-77; A3:1-20; B(synthesis):3-4, 13-14

See also bedding, prerift; bedding, synrift; paleorift basins

ripidiolitic texture, secondary minerals, B3:8

ripple laminations. See laminations, ripple

rock fragments

lithostratigraphic units, B6:7-8, 11, 15-16

photomicrograph, B7:51-57

sandstone, B7:10-13

volcaniclastic sand, B7:6-7, 20

volcaniclastics, B8:5-9

rock fragments, metamorphic, volcaniclastic sand, B7:7

rock fragments, volcanic, volcaniclastic sand, B7:6-7

rock magnetics

discrete samples, A11:9-10, 35

sediments, B20:1-15

See also coercivity

Rossel Island, topography, A1:33

Ruaba unit, Miocene unconformity, B(synthesis):7

rubidium

dolerite, A6:36

metadolerite, A8:18

pore water, B17:1-20

quartz gabbro, A11:6

sediments, B6:10-11, 14, 20

vs. depth, B17:9

vs. potassium oxide, B6:38

S

Sadowa Gabbro, tholeiite, B(synthesis):6

salinity

pore water, A5:30; A6:54; A7:21; A9:39; A12:37

vs. depth, A5:83

sand

Formation Microscanner imaging facies, B25:115

lithostratigraphic units, A5:9, A6:11-12, 14-17; A7:7-10; A8:4; B6:9-10

logarithmic plots, B9:26

photograph, A8:47

Pleistocene, A1:10

point-count data, B7:47-48

turbidite facies, B9:5-9

sand, burrowed, photograph, B9:20

sand, calcareous, lithostratigraphic units, A6:12; A9:9

sand, carbonate, lithostratigraphic units, A6:9

sand, graded, photograph, A7:30

sand, siliceous, lithostratigraphic units, A9:9

sand, volcaniclastic

lithostratigraphic units, A5:7; A6:19; A9:7, 9, 10-11; B6:9

petrography, B7:1-58

photograph, A6:93, 96-97; A9:71

photomicrograph, A6:94

sand-injection structures

lithostratigraphic units, A10:5, 9; A12:12, 17

photograph, A10:40, 42

sand clasts, composition, B7:18

sandstone

alteration, A1:6

basement, B3:3-4

Formation Microscanner imaging facies, B25:115

lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9; A6:21-23, 25-26, 28, 30-31; A8:6-8, 12-13; A9:19-23; A10:5, 7-9; A12:6, 11-12, 16-17, 21; B6:7-8, 11-13, 15-16

modal composition, B7:8-17

petrography, B7:1-58

photograph, A5:53-57, 59-60; A6:101, 105, 112-113; A8:49, 55, 70, 74; A9:78

photomicrograph, A5:52; A7:32-33

Pliocene, A1:16; B(synthesis):11

point-count data, B7:47-48

QFL plots, B7:43

sedimentation, A1:15

structures, A8:23

terrigenous sedimentation, A1:10

volcaniclastics, A1:9; B8:9

See also siltstone-sandstone, clayey

sandstone, altered coarse-grained, photograph, A12:86

sandstone, bioclastic, modal composition, B7:8-14

sandstone, calcareous

lithostratigraphic units, A12:20

photograph, A9:79; A12:82

sandstone, calcite-cemented, lithostratigraphic units, A8:10

sandstone, coarse-grained lithostratigraphic units, A9:22-23; B6:11, 15-16

photograph, A9:85; A10:29, 35, 39; A12:67, 80

photomicrograph, A9:76, 80, 84, 86, 89

sandstone, coarse-grained parallel-laminated, photograph, A12:78

sandstone, deformed laminated, photograph, A12:70

sandstone, feldspathic

modal composition, B7:8-17

photomicrograph, B7:49-50

sandstone, fine-grained

lithostratigraphic units, A9:19; B6:15

photograph, A8:51; A9:74, 87, 93; A10:27, 36-39

sandstone, graded, lithostratigraphic units, A5:10-18; A9:14, 21, A12:8-9, 13-14; B6:12-13

sandstone, interbedded normally-graded volcaniclastic, photograph, A12:73

sandstone, lithic

lithostratigraphic units, A5:11-12

modal composition, B7:8-17

photomicrograph, B7:49-52, 55-56

sandstone, medium-grained, photograph, A8:50; A9:75

sandstone, medium-grained volcaniclastic, photomicrograph, A12:75

sandstone, mixed, photograph, A12:79

sandstone, mixed bioclastic, photograph, A12:78

sandstone, mixed bioclastic/volcaniclastic, lithostratigraphic units, A12:17

sandstone, normal-graded, photograph, A12:61

sandstone, normal-graded mixed, photograph, A12:77

sandstone, normal-graded volcaniclastic, photograph, A12:72

sandstone, parallel-laminated fine-grained volcaniclastic, photograph, A12:72

sandstone, sharp-based calcium carbonate, photograph, A9:88

sandstone, shell-rich, photograph, A9:87

sandstone, silty

lithostratigraphic units, A9:14, 17-18, 24-25; A12:22; B6:7

photograph, A5:59-60

sandstone, volcaniclastic

clasts, A7:16

composition, A1:8

lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9; A6:26; A7:10-11; A9:11, 13, 26; B6:13

photograph, A5:47; A6:106

photomicrograph, A7:48; A8:48, 56; A12:62, 68

sandstone/siltstone graded bed, photomicrograph, A12:65

sandstone clasts

photograph, A9:83

volcaniclastics, B8:9

sandstone clasts, volcanogenic, composition, A7:16

sandy carbonates. See carbonates, sandy

sandy siltstone. See siltstone, sandy

sandy silty claystone. See claystone, sandy silty

sandy turbidites. See turbidites, sandy

saturates, yield, B16:19

saturation remanent magnetization. See remanent magnetization, saturation

saussurite

metadolerite, A8:17

photomicrograph, A12:92

scaly fabric. See fabric, scaly

schist

lithostratigraphic units, A5:13

sediment provenance, B6:20-24

See also actinolite schist; calc-schist; epidote-quartz schist

schist clasts, photomicrograph, A10:25

schist fragments

photomicrograph, B7:53-54

volcaniclastics, B8:5-6

schist grains, volcaniclastic sand, B7:7

sclerotia

fungal tissues, B10:11

photomicrograph, B10:35

sclerotinite

coal, B10:10-11

organic matter, B10:7

scouring, lithostratigraphic units, A8:6

sea levels. See eustatic effects

sea-floor spreading

crustal thinning, B(synthesis):18-19

Miocene-Holocene, B(synthesis):4

sedimentation, B(synthesis):14

tectonics, A1:1-77; A3:1-20

seamounts

dating, B2:12-13

talus, A7:17

secondary minerals, alteration, B3:7-8

sediment injection, photograph, A9:87

sediment transport, tectonics, B7:45

sediment/basement contact, Formation Microscanner imaging, B24:7

sedimentary clasts, volcaniclastics, B8:9

sedimentary rocks, structural domains, A8:20-24

sedimentary structures

lithostratigraphic units, A5:11; A8:13-14

sandstone, B7:9

sedimentary structures, mesoscopic, summary, B8:4

sedimentation

environment, A6:31-35

lithostratigraphic units, A8:15-16

permeability, B23:7-8

Pliocene, B(synthesis):10-12

Quaternary, B(synthesis):13-14

See also anoxic sedimentation; bathyal sedimentation; beach sedimentation; coastal sedimentation; cyclic sedimentation; deep-water sedimentation; epiclastic sedimentation; fluvial sedimentation; freshwater environment; lagoonal sedimentation; littoral sedimentation; margin-slope sedimentation; marine sedimentation; nearshore sedimentation; neritic sedimentation; paralic sedimentation; shallow-marine sedimentation; shelf sedimentation; suboxic sedimentation; terrigenous sedimentation

sedimentation rates

age vs. depth, B(synthesis):31

biostratigraphy, A5:18; A6:48; A7:29-44; A12:33; B4:1-13

deposition, A9:27-28

depth vs. age, A1:42-43

lithostratigraphic units, A6:13, 19

paleobathymetry, B(synthesis):33

Pliocene, B(synthesis):11

Site 1115, A9:34

subsidence, A1:7

undercompaction, A1:4

volcaniclastics, A1:9

vs. depth, A6:170; B23:13

See also mass accumulation rates

sediments

carbon isotopes, B16:4

diagenesis, A1:25-26; B(synthesis):14

hydrology, B22:1-22

magnetic properties, A:29

permeability, B23:1-14

petrography, B8:22-31

provenance, B6:1-53

rock magnetics, B20:1-15

thickness, A1:76

X-ray diffraction data, A6:246-247; A7:76; A8:125; A9:181-182; A12:178-179

sediments, contorted fine-grained, photomicrograph, A12:63

seismic logging, correlation, B5:1-25

seismic profiles

depth conversion, A1:59; A6:223-224; B6:30; B7:27

reflection, A2:6-7, 17; A3:19-20

seismic stratigraphy, B(synthesis):34

vs. depth, B9:28

vs. two-way traveltime, A9:162; A12:159, 162

Woodlark Basin, A1:35-38

seismic profiles, multichannel, reflectors, B5:6-13

seismic profiles, vertical

break times and depth, A12:212

check-shot corrections, B5:3-4

check-shot data vs. depth, A12:213

depth vs. transit time, A6:220; A12:160

lithology, A1:28-29

Site 1109, A6:76-79, 219, 296-297

Site 1115, A9:59-61

Site 1118, A12:52-53

seismic stratigraphy, seismic profiles, B(synthesis):34

seismic tracks, A1:39

seismicity, geophysical surveys, A2:4-5

seismograms, synthetic, reflection coefficient, B5:5

semifusinite, abundance, B10:7, 9

Sequence 1, deposition, A9:27

Sequence 2, deposition, A9:27

Sequence 3, deposition, A9:27-28

sequences, deposition, A9:27-28

sericite

lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9

metadolerite, A7:14-15; A8:17

mylonite, A11:6

sericitization

dolerite, A7:14

metadolerite, A8:18

petrology, A11:5

photomicrograph, A10:24

serpentine

clay, B17:6

fault gouge, A1:13; A11:4; B3:3-4

lithostratigraphic units, B6:9

serpentinite

lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9; A10:11-12; B6:10

photomicrograph, A1:62; A5:48, 51; A6:98

sediment provenance, B6:20-24

serpentinite clasts, volcaniclastics, B8:6

serpentinite fragments

photomicrograph, B7:53-54; B8:41

volcaniclastic sand, B7:7, 19-20

volcaniclastic sandstone, A7:16

volcaniclastics, B8:6

serpentinite fragments, rounded, photomicrograph, A10:25

shadow pressures, fibrous quartz, photomicrograph, A11:25

shallow spherically focused current logs, vs. depth, A6:182-185; A8:99-100; A9:131-134; A12:132-136

shallow-marine sedimentation

deposition, A1:6

lithostratigraphic units, A12:19-21

Pliocene, B(synthesis):10-12

shaly coal. See coal, shaly

shape parameter

magnetic susceptibility, A10:53

vs. depth, A1:62; A5:78; A12:112; B21:5

shear bands

photograph, A7:40; A11:24

quartz gabbro, B3:5-6

structures, A11:7-8

shear folds. See folds, shear

shear strength

sediments, A6:65-66; A7:24, 88; A9:50, 219-223

vs. depth, A9:127

shear strength, undrained, vs. depth, A6:174; A7:61

shear strength, vane, sediments, A6:291-294

shear zones

bedding, A8:26

cristobalite, A6:143

Formation Microscanner imaging, B24:7

lithostratigraphic units, A8:15

photomicrograph, A11:27

Pliocene-Pleistocene, A3:5-6

structures, A8:23-26

shearing, mica schist, A7:12

shelf sedimentation, Pliocene, B(synthesis):10

shell fragments

lithostratigraphic units, A6:25; A9:12-13, 19; A12:13, 17-20; B6:5-6

photograph, A6:88, 108-112; A9:75, 78-79; A12:77, 80

photomicrograph, A12:81, 83

sedimentation, A1:4

See also skeletal fragments

Shikoku Basin, marginal basins, B6:21-22

shoshonite, mantle, B1:6

shoshonitic rocks

lamprophyre, A7:15-16

mesostasis, A7:13-14

silica

diagenesis, A9:43-44

glass fragments, B8:18

marginal basins, B6:21

pore water, A1:25; A5:31-33; A6:54-56, 58; A7:21; A8:31; A9:40; A12:38-39

quartz gabbro, A11:6

sediments, B6:6, 10, 15

volcanic ash, A9:43

vs. aluminum oxide, B6:14, 36; B8:18

vs. calcium oxide, B8:18

vs. chromium oxide, B8:18

vs. depth, A1:49; A5:84; A6:131, 164; A9:117; A12:121; B6:34

vs. iron oxide, B8:18

vs. iron oxide/magnesium oxide ratio, A12:95

vs. magnesium oxide, B8:18

vs. major oxides, B8:18

vs. manganese oxide, B8:18

vs. nickel oxide, B8:18

vs. potassium oxide, B8:18

vs. sodium oxide, B8:18

vs. titanium oxide, B8:18

See also chalcedony; cristobalite; opal-A; opal-CT

silica, dissolved, vs. porosity, A6:165

silicic volcanic rocks. See volcanic rocks, silicic

siliciclastics

lithostratigraphic units, A6:23; A7:10-11

photomicrograph, A5:58

Pliocene, B(synthesis):10-12

vs. depth, B7:30-35, 39-42

silicification, diagenesis, A9:44

sill complexes, structure, B(synthesis):6

sills, dolerite, A6:37-38

silt

lithostratigraphic units, A6:11-12, 16-17, 23; A7:7, 9-10; A8:4; B6:9-10

logarithmic plots, B9:26

Pleistocene, A1:10

turbidite facies, B9:5-9

silt, calcareous

lithostratigraphic units, A6:8-9; A8:13-14;

A9:8; B6:9

photograph, A6:87

silt, clayey

lithostratigraphic units, A6:8, 14, 16; B6:10

photograph, A6:92

silt, volcaniclastic

lithostratigraphic units, A5:7; A9:7, 11

photograph, A6:91, 93

silt matrix, chloritized, photomicrograph, A12:85

silt matrix, volcaniclastic, lithostratigraphic units, A12:22

siltite, photomicrograph, B8:41

siltstone

alteration, A1:6

lithostratigraphic units, A6:21-22, 28; A8:5-6, 9; A9:14, 19-22; A10:5, 7; A12:5, 10-12, 16-17; B6:7-8, 11-13, 15-16

photograph, A5:55; A6:105, 113; A8:47, 54, 58; A9:88; A10:27; A12:58

photomicrograph, A6:102; A9:92; B10:33-34

Pliocene, A1:16

sedimentation, A1:4

structures, A8:21-22

terrigenous sedimentation, A1:10

unconformities, B(synthesis):9

volcaniclastics, A1:9

See also sandstone/siltstone graded bed

siltstone, calcareous, lithostratigraphic units, A9:15-16, 25; B6:8

siltstone, clay-rich, lithostratigraphic units, A5:15-16

siltstone, clayey

lithostratigraphic units, A5:14-15; A6:18-19, 25, 27-28; A9:16, 23; A12:5-6, 8, 10, 13; B6:10-13, 15

photograph, A5:59, 61; A9:81; A10:40; A12:59-60, 67, 71, 76

siltstone, clayey sandy, lithostratigraphic units, A12:14

siltstone, graded

lithostratigraphic units, A5:10-18; A12:8-9, 13-14

photograph, A12:59

siltstone, greenish or grayish clayey, lithostratigraphic units, A12:8

siltstone, massive, photograph, A12:66

siltstone, normal-graded, photograph, A12:61

siltstone, sandy

lithostratigraphic units, A9:16, 25; B6:7

photograph, A9:91

photomicrograph, A9:77

siltstone, volcaniclastic, lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9; A9:11, 13

siltstone-sandstone, clayey, lithostratigraphic units, A9:16

siltstone/claystone couplets, photomicrograph, A12:64

siltstone clasts, photograph, A9:83

silty clay. See clay, silty

silty claystone. See claystone, silty

silty sandstone. See sandstone, silty

Simbo Transform, geophysical surveys, A2:5

Site 1108, A5:1-134

biostratigraphy, A5:24-27

coring summary, A5:109-116

downhole measurements, A5:40-42

hydrocarbons, A1:27

in-situ temperature measurements, A5:42-43

inorganic geochemistry, A5:30-33; B6:14-15

lithostratigraphy, A5:6-19; B6:14-15

microbiology, A5:34-35

operations, A5:3-6

organic geochemistry, A5:33-34; B16:1-19

paleomagnetism, A5:27-30

permeability, B23:1-14

physical properties, A5:35-40

sandstone, B7:13

site description, A5:1-134

site summary, A1:10-11

structural geology, A5:19-24

Site 1109, A:1-298

biostratigraphy, A6:43-48

composite depths, A6:79

core-log correlation, B5:1-25

coring summary, A6:226-245

diabase, B3:6

downhole measurements, A6:69-76

gases, B18:1-14

geochronology, B2:1-35

igneous and metamorphic petrology, A6:35-38

inorganic geochemistry, A6:54-59; B6:9-12

lithostratigraphy, A6:7-35; B6:9-12

microbiology, A6:60-61; B19:1-12

operations, A6:4-6

organic geochemistry, A6:59-60; B16:1-19

paleomagnetism, A6:48-53; B20:3-4, 8, 11-12, 14-15

physical properties, A6:61-69

pore water, B17:1-20

sandstone, B7:10-12

sediment hydrology, B22:1-22

site description, A6:1-298

site summary, A1:5-8

structural geology, A6:38-43; B25:24

turbidites, B9:5-9

vertical seismic profile and depth conversion, A6:76-79

Site 1110

lithostratigraphy, A7:6-8

operations, A7:3-4

paleomagnetism, B20:4-5, 10-15

site summary, A1:12-13

Site 1111

coring by section, A7:71-72

lithostratigraphy, A7:9-10

operations, A7:4

site summary, A1:12-13

Site 1112

coring by section, A7:73-74

lithostratigraphy, A7:10-11

operations, A7:4-5

sandstone, B7:16

site summary, A1:12-13

Site 1113

coring by section, A7:75

operations, A7:6

site summary, A1:12-13

Site 1114, A8:1-139

biostratigraphy, A8:27-29

coring summary, A8:120-124

downhole measurements, A8:38-43

geochronology, B2:1-35

igneous and metamorphic petrology, A8:16-20

inorganic geochemistry, A8:30-31; B6:15-16

lithostratigraphy, A8:3-16; B6:15-16

microbiology, A8:32

operations, A8:2-3

organic geochemistry, A8:31-32

paleomagnetism, A8:29-30

physical properties, A8:32-38

sandstone, B7:15

site description, A8:1-139

site summary, A1:14-15

structural geology, A8:20-26; B24:1-43

Site 1115, A9:1-226

biostratigraphy, A9:31-34

core-log correlation, B5:1-25

coring summary, A9:163-165

coring summary by section, A9:166-180

downhole measurements, A9:52-58

gases, B18:1-14

in-situ temperature, A9:58-59

inorganic geochemistry, A9:38-45; B6:5-9

lithostratigraphy, A9:5-28; B6:5-9

microbiology, A9:45-46; B19:1-12

operations, A9:3-5

organic geochemistry, A9:45

paleomagnetism, A9:34-38; B20:4, 9, 11-15

permeability, B23:1-14

physical properties, A9:47-52

Pliocene paleoclimatology, B11:1-15

pore water, B17:1-20

sandstone, B7:8-10

site description, A9:1-226

site summary, A1:3-5

structural geology, A9:28-31; B25:15-19

turbidites, B9:5-9

vertical seismic profiles, A9:59-61

Site 1116, A10:1-75

biostratigraphy, A10:14-15

coring summary, A10:64

coring summary by section, A10:65-66

inorganic geochemistry, A10:17; B6:16

lithostratigraphy, A10:4-12; B6:16

operations, A10:2-4

organic geochemistry, A10:17

paleomagnetism, A10:15-16

physical properties, A10:17-20

sandstone, B7:15-16

site description, A10:1-75

site summary, A1:15-16

structural geology, A10:12-14

Site 1117, A11:1-45

biostratigraphy, A11:8

coring summary, A11:36-37

coring summary by section, A11:38-39

gabbro, B3:7

geochronology, B2:1-35

igneous and metamorphic petrology, A11:3-7

magnetic anisotropy, B21:1-7

operations, A11:2-3

organic geochemistry, A11:10

paleomagnetism, A11:9-10

physical properties, A11:10-11

retrograde metamorphism, B3:8-10

site description, A11:1-45

site summary, A1:13-14

structural geology, A11:7-8

Site 1118, A12:1-213

biostratigraphy, A12:31-33

core-log correlation, B5:1-25

coring summary, A12:163-177

diabase, B3:7

downhole measurements, A12:45-51

geochronology, B2:1-35; B12:1-5

igneous and metamorphic petrology, A12:25-27

inorganic geochemistry, A12:36-39; B6:12-14

lithostratigraphy, A12:4-25; B6:12-14

microbiology, A12:41

operations, A12:3-4

organic geochemistry, A12:40

paleomagnetism, A12:33-35

permeability, B23:1-14

physical properties, A12:41-45

pore water, B17:1-20

sandstone, B7:12-13

site description, A12:1-213

site summary, A1:8-9

structural geology, A12:28-30; B25:5-14

turbidites, B9:5-9

vertical seismic profile and depth conversion, A12:52-53

Sites 1110-1113, A7:1-89

biostratigraphy, A7:17-19

composite depths, A7:26

coring, A7:65-69

igneous and metamorphic petrology, A7:11-17

in-situ temperature, A7:25-26

inorganic geochemistry, A7:21

microbiology, A7:22

organic geochemistry, A7:22

paleomagnetism, A7:19-21

physical properties, A7:22-25

site description, A7:1-89

skeletal fragments

sandstone, B7:8-10

volcaniclastic sand, B7:8

See also shell fragments

slickenside plunge, vs. fault dips, A5:70 ; A6:144; A8:73; A9:97; A10:47; A12:99

slickensides

lineation, A8:72

paleoecology, A1:11

structural domains, A9:30-31

structures, A5:20-23; A6:40-43; A8:21-22; A12:30

sliding planes, structures, A12:28-29

slip planes, structures, A5:20-23

slip rates, faults, B(synthesis):18

slope sedimentation. See margin-slope sedimentation

slump folds. See folds, slump

slumping

lithostratigraphic units, A12:7

photograph, A9:87

smear slides, coring, A6:119-120

smectite

clay, B17:20

diagenesis, A9:42; B6:19

fault planes, A6:41 lithostratigraphic units, A10:5-6; A12:10, 22; B6:8, 11-16

See also chlorite/smectite mixed minerals

sodalite

photomicrograph, B8:42

volcaniclastics, B8:8

sodium

amphibole, B3:8-9

dolerite, B1:4-5

pore water, A5:31; A6:54, 58; A7:21; A9:39; A12:37

porphyroclasts, B3:9

secondary minerals, B3:7-8

volcanic ash, A9:43

vs. depth, A5:83; A6:163; A9:115; A12:119

sodium oxide

dolerite, A6:36

metadolerite, A8:18

quartz gabbro, A11:6

sediments, B6:5, 9-10, 15

vs. aluminum oxide, B6:14-16, 18, 36, 41

vs. depth, A6:131; B6:34

vs. iron oxide/magnesium oxide ratio, A12:95

soft sediment deformation

lithostratigraphic units, A12:6, 9, 12, 15, 17-18, 28-30

photograph, A9:87

structural domains, A9:30-31

sole marks, lithostratigraphic units, A12:8

Solomon Sea

geophysical surveys, A2:4-5

Pliocene paleoclimatology, B11:1-15

tectonics, B2:1-35

Solomon Sea Plate, upper-plate paradox, B(synthesis):19

Solomon Trench, mantle, B1:6

sonic velocity logs, vs. depth, A8:101-102

spar cement. See calcite spar cement

sphene

gabbro, B3:7

See also titanite

spherulitic texture

basalt, A7:16

lithostratigraphic units, A9:20

photomicrograph, A8:63

spinel, mineral chemistry, B8:10

spinel grains

clasts, B8:6

lithostratigraphic units, B6:9

volcaniclastic sand, B7:6

sponge spicules

lithostratigraphic units, A7:9-10; A12:6, 14; B6:5-6, 8, 10

Quaternary, B13:1-8

sporinite

coal, B10:10-11

dispersed organic matter, B10:10

photomicrograph, B10:30

spreading centers, geophysical surveys, A2:4-5

strain rates, crustal thinning, B(synthesis):18-19

stratigraphy, reflectors, B5:6-9

stress, effective, vs. permeability, B22:5-6, 15

strike-slip faults. See faults, strike-slip

stromata, fungal tissues, B10:11

strontium

clay, B17:6

diagenesis, A9:41-42

dolerite, A6:36; B1:5

lamprophyre, A7:15

lithostratigraphic units, B6:6

pore water, A5:32; A6:54, 56, 58; A7:21; A8:31; A9:39-40; A12:37-39

sediments, B6:10-11

vs. calcium oxide, B6:14, 38

vs. depth, A5:84; A6:164; A9:116; A12:120

strontium isotopes

geochronology, B12:1-5

pore water, B17:1-20

vs. depth, B17:10

structural analysis, footwall fault block, B24:1-43

Structural Domain I, structures, A5:20; A6:38; A9:29-30; A10:12; A11:7; A12:28-29

Structural Domain II, structures, A5:21; A6:38-39; A8:20-21; A9:30-31; A10:12-13; A11:7-8; A12:29-30

Structural Domain III, structures, A5:21; A6:39; A8:21-24; A10:13; A11:8; A12:30

Structural Domain IV, structures, A5:22; A6:40; A8:24; A10:13-14; A11:8

Structural Domain V, structures, A5:22-23; A6:40; A8:24-26

Structural Domain VI, structures, A6:41

Structural Domain VII, structures, A6:41-42

structural domains

Site 1116, A10:12-14

Structures, A11:7-8, 22; A12:28-30

vs. depth, A5:66; A6:136, 138; A11:22

structural geology

Formation Microscanner imaging, B25:1-159

logs, A6:147

Site 1108, A5:19-24

Site 1109, A6:38-43

Site 1114, A8:20-26; B24:1-43

Site 1115, A9:28-31; B25:15-19

Site 1116, A10:12-14

Site 1117, A11:7-8

Site 1118, A12:28-30; B25:5-14

structures

cross section, B2:19

geometry, A8:83

orientation, B25:38-39, 42, 47, 49, 54, 65, 68, 70-71, 73, 78, 93, 96, 98-99, 101, 104-105, 108

summary, A8:67; B24:14, 38; A9:95;A10:43; A12:96

thickness of deformed intervals, A12:182

subarkose, lithostratigraphic units, A10:9

subduction

dating, B2:11-13

evolution, A3:3-6

Miocene, B(synthesis):4, 7-8

suberinite

coal, B10:10-11

macerals, B10:8-9

photomicrograph, B10:24, 26-27, 31-32, 35

suboxic sedimentation

environment, A1:15

lithostratigraphic units, A8:11-12; A10:10

subsidence

late Miocene, B(synthesis):8-10; B7:18-20

Miocene-Pleistocene, A1:5

Pliocene, B(synthesis):10-12

rifts, A1:8-9, 17-18

sedimentation rates, A1:7

sediments, B6:18-24

Suckling-Dayman massif

geophysical surveys, A2:4-5

metamorphic core complexes, B(synthesis):4

sulfate

bacteria, A9:40-41

methane, A9:45

organic matter, A1:26-27

pore water, A1:25-26; A5:31, 34-35; A6:54, 56; A7:21; A8:30; A9:39; A12:36, 38, 189-190

sediments, B(synthesis):15

vs. depth, A1:48; A5:84; A6:162; A9:114; A12:118; B(synthesis):35

sulfide reduction, lithostratigraphic units, A12:5

sulfides

lithostratigraphic units, A9:8

petrology, A11:4

sulfur

data, A5:118

rocks, A11:10, 44

sediments, A5:34; A6:60, 261-262; A7:22, 83; A8:32, 133; A9:45, 191-192; A10:17, 71; A12:40

sulfur, total, vs. depth, A9:119; A12:123

symplectite

photomicrograph, B3:28

secondary minerals, B3:8

synrift bedding. See bedding, synrift

synsedimentary structures, lithostratigraphic units, A10:5

synthetic seismograms. See seismograms, synthetic

T

tachylitic basalt. See basalt, tachylitic

tachylitic textures, basalt, A7:16

Tagula Island, topography, A1:33

talc

clay, B17:6

fault gouge, A1:13-14; A11:4

greenschist metamorphism, B(synthesis):17

lithostratigraphic units, B6:10

sediments, B6:17-24

volcaniclastics, B3:3-4

talus

lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9; A7:11; A10:6

metamorphism, A7:16-17

Pleistocene, A1:12-13

sedimentation, B(synthesis):14; B7:16

See also debris-flow deposits

tantalum, dolerite, B1:4

tectonic breccia. See breccia, tectonic

tectonics

paleocurrents, B6:42

Papua New Guinea, A1:1-77; A3:1-20

provenance, B7:44

regional setting, B6:28; B7:25

sediment transport, B7:45

thermochronology, B2:1-35

volcaniclastics, B8:9-13

Teichichnus, lithostratigraphic units, A9:13

teleutospores

coal, B10:10-11

fungal tissues, B10:11

photomicrograph, B10:31, 35

telocollinite, macerals, B10:8

telovitrinite

coal, B10:10-11

macerals, B10:8-9

photomicrograph, B10:22-28, 30-31, 34-35

temperature

amphibole, B3:9

thermal maturity, B16:4

vs. depth, A5:103-104, 108; A6:214-215, 218; A7:64; A8:118-119; A9:154, 157; A12:156-157; B10:17

vs. time, A5:105-107; A6:216-217; A7:63; A9:155-156; A12:158

vs. transformation ratio, B16:12

well logs, A8:43; A9:58; A12:51

temperature, in-situ

Site 1108, A5:42-43

Site 1109, A6:76

Site 1115, A9:58-59

Sites 1110-1113, A7:25-26

temperature, surface water, Pliocene, B11:13

temperature logs, vs. depth, A5:102

tensor tools, orientation, A6:255

tephrite

photomicrograph, B8:42

volcaniclastics, B8:8-9

terrigenous sedimentation, organic matter, B10:7

textinite, macerals, B10:8, 13

texto-ulminite, macerals, B10:8

textures. See basaltic texture; cataclastic texture; doleritic texture; glomeroporphyritic texture; granular texture; hyalopilitic texture; hypidiomorphic texture; intersertal texture; lepidoblastic texture; magmatic texture; microlitic texture; ophitic texture; pilotaxitic texture; porphyritic texture; quench texture; ripidiolitic texture; spherulitic texture; tachylitic texture; trachytic texture; trachytoidal texture; variolitic texture; vesicular texture

thermal conductivity

cores, A5:131-134

fault gouge, A11:11

sediments, A5:38; A6:64-65, 279-290; A7:24, 87; A8:35-36, 136-138; A9:49-50, 210-218; A10:19, 74-75; A12:44, 205-210

vs. depth, A5:94; A6:173; A8:96; A9:126; A10:62; A12:129

thermal maturity

Rock-Eval pyrolysis, B16:4-8

See also maturation

thermochronology, tectonics, B2:1-35

tholeiite

ophiolite, B1:3

See also basalt

tholeiite, low-potassium

ophiolite, B6:14

phase diagrams, A6:133-134

sills, A6:37-38

zirconium vs. titanium/yttrium ratio, A6:135

tholeiitic andesite. See andesite, tholeiitic

tholeiitic basalt. See basalt, tholeiitic

thorium

lithostratigraphic units, B6:6

sediments, B6:5, 10

thorium/uranium ratio logs, vs. depth, A6:182-185

thorium logs, vs. depth, A5:102; A6:182-185; A8:99-100; A9:131-134; A12:132-136

thrust sheets, correlation, B1:3

tidal currents, lithostratigraphic units, A9:15

titanite

granite gneiss, A7:13

See also sphene

titanium

clay, B17:6

diabase, B3:7

dolerite, A6:36; B1:4

gabbro, B3:7

hornblende, B3:8-9

secondary minerals, B3:7-8

titanium-zirconium-yttrium, phase diagrams, A6:134

titanium/yttrium ratio, vs. zirconium, A6:135

titanium oxide

dolerite, A6:36

quartz gabbro, A11:6

sediments, B6:6-7, 9, 10-11, 14-24

vs. aluminum oxide, B6:14, 18, 33, 36, 41

vs. depth, A6:131

titanium oxide-potassium oxide-phosphorus oxide, phase diagrams, A6:133

toluene, chromatograms, B16:15

tonalite, intrusions, B(synthesis):6

topography, A1:33

total organic carbon. See carbon, total organic

trace elements

dolerite, A6:249; A8:127; A12:181

dolerite and basalt, B1:16-17

dolerites and microdolerites, A1:64-66

gabbro, A1:22-23; A11:6

lamprophyre, A7:78

pore water, B17:1-20

sediments, B6:5, 10, 13, 15-24, 44-53

spider diagrams, B17:12-13

X-ray fluorescence data, A11:42

trachyte. See quartz trachyte

trachyte clasts, volcaniclastics, B8:9

trachytic texture, volcaniclastic sand, B7:6-7

trachytoidal texture, photomicrograph, A10:31

trans-2-butene, sediments, B18:4-14

transform faults. See faults, transform

transformation ratio

thermal maturity, B16:4

vs. temperature, B16:12

transgression, lithostratigraphic units, A6:33; B7:19

transport. See paleotransport; sediment transport

transverse velocity. See velocity, transverse

tremolite

lithostratigraphic units, B6:10, 13

metadolerite, A7:15, 21

photomicrograph, A11:15

protoliths, A11:4

trimethylbenzene, chromatograms, B16:15

Trobriand Basin, sandstone, B7:1-58

Trobriand forearc

deposition, A1:17

late Miocene, B(synthesis):9

sedimentation sources, A1:16; A6:32-34

Trobriand forearc basin

basement, A3:16

cross sections, A3:17

evolution, Papuan Peninsula, A3:4-5, 7

sedimentation, A1:3

Trobriand Islands

ophiolite, B1:3

See also Lusancay-Trobriand-Woodlark Islands

Trobriand Trough

carbonate platforms, B(synthesis):13

geophysical surveys, A2:4-6

mantle, B1:6

subduction, B(synthesis):4, 7-8

upper-plate paradox, B(synthesis):19

tuff, forearc basins, B(synthesis):7

tuff, crystal vitric, photomicrograph, A12:69, 74

tuff, vitric, photomicrograph, A1:58

tuffaceous conglomerate. See conglomerate, tuffaceous

turbidite facies, rift basins, B9:1-30

turbidites

bed number vs. age, B9:27

Formation Microscanner imaging, A6:209

lithostratigraphic units, A5:11, 17-19; A6:18, 33-34; B6:7, 13-15

mass accumulation rates, B9:29

mid-late Miocene, B6:19

modal composition, B7:8-10

Pliocene-Pleistocene, A1:18-19

sedimentation, A1:3, 15

terrigenous sedimentation, A1:10

turbidites, amalgamated, photograph, A6:95

turbidites, calcareous, photograph, A6:95

turbidites, sandy, photograph, B9:23

turbidites, volcaniclastic

lithostratigraphic units, B6:15-16

photograph, A6:95

turbidity currents

clasts, B8:12

deposition, A9:27-28

frequency, B9:6

lithostratigraphic units, A5:9; A6:13; A7:8, 10-11; A8:16; A9:7, 11, 13, 26; A10:10; A12:6-7, 9-10, 15, 18, 24-25

Pliocene, B(synthesis):11

sandstone, B7:8-18

sediments, B6:17-24

U

ulminite, macerals, B10:8, 13

ultracataclasite, petrology, A11:5-6

ultramafic rocks, sediment provenance, B6:16-24

ultramylonite, petrology, A11:5-6

unconformities

basement, B(synthesis):5-7

evolution, A3:4-5, 7

lithostratigraphic units, A8:57

Miocene, A1:17-21; B(synthesis):7

rift onset, B(synthesis):9

sedimentation, A1:3

sedimentation rates, B(synthesis):33

See also disconformities; hiatuses

unconformities, angular, synrift sediments, A2:18

unconformities, erosional, sedimentation, A6:32-33

undeformed zones, structural domains, structures, A9:29-30

undercompaction, sedimentation rates, A1:4

Unit I, lithostratigraphic units, A5:7; A6:7-11; A7:7-10; A8:4-5; A9:6-7; A10:4-6; A12:4-7; B6:5, 9, 12

Unit II, lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9; A6:11-13; A8:5-6; A9:8-9; A10:6-8; A12:7-10; B6:5-6, 9-10, 12

Unit III, lithostratigraphic units, A5:9; A6:13-15; A8:7-12; A9:9-12; A10:8-11; A12:10-13; B6:6, 10, 12-13

Unit IV, lithostratigraphic units, A5:10-18; A6:15-17; A8:12-13; A9:9-12; A12:13-16; B6:6, 10, 13, 15

Unit V, lithostratigraphic units, A6:18-20; A8:13-14; A9:13-15; A12:16-18; B6:7, 10, 13

Unit VI, lithostratigraphic units, A6:20-22; A8:14-15; A9:15-17; A12:18-19; B6:7, 11, 13

Unit VII, lithostratigraphic units, A6:22-24; A8:15; A9:17-18; A12:19-21; B6:7, 11, 13-14

Unit VIII, lithostratigraphic units, A6:25-27; A9:18-19; A12:21-24; B6:7, 11, 14

Unit IX, lithostratigraphic units, A6:27-30; A9:19-20; B6:7-8, 11

Unit X, lithostratigraphic units, A6:30-31; A9:20-22; B6:8, 11

Unit XI, lithostratigraphic units, A6:31, 35-38; A9:22-24; B6:8

Unit XII, lithostratigraphic units, A9:24-28; B6:8

uplifts, sedimentation, A6:32-33

upper crust. See crust, upper

uranium logs

vs. depth, A5:102; A6:182-185; A8:99-100; A9:131-134; A12:132-136

See also thorium/uranium ratio logs

uranium-lead dating

gabbro, B2:24

rhyolite clasts, B2:10, 27, 33

zircon, B2:6

V

vanadium

quartz gabbro, A11:6

sediments, B6:7, 11, 13, 16

vs. iron oxide, B6:38

variolitic basalt. See basalt, variolitic

variolitic dolerite. See dolerite, variolitic

variolitic texture

basalt, A7:16

metadolerite, A8:17

photomicrograph, A6:124; A12:94

veins

brittle deformation, A6:146; A8:26, 80

clasts, A12:26

composition, A1:8

dolerite, A7:14

epidote, A8:17

gabbro, A11:8

geometry, A6:143

granite porphyry, A7:13

lithostratigraphic units, A6:28, 36; A8:15-16; A12:8

photograph, A5:54; A6:130 ; A11:28, 30; A12:102, 104

photomicrograph, A8:65, 76, 79; A11:16, 29; B3:28; A12:91

relation to faults and fractures, A6:145

secondary minerals, B3:8

structures, A5:22-23; A6:41-43

volcaniclastic sand, B7:7

See also calcite veins; calcite-zeolite veins; chlorite veins; cristobalite; epidote veins; glauconite veins; quartz veins; zeolite veins

veins, rip-up, photograph, A10:39

velocity

depth conversion, A12:161

depth vs. transit time, A9:158

longitudinal vs. average transverse, A5:93, 129-130; A6:172, 272-278; A7:86; A8:95, 135; A9:125, 203-209; A10:61, 73; A12:128, 199-204; B5:16-19

profiles, B5:2-3

sediments, A6:77-79

vs. depth, A6:221; A8:94, 98; A9:159; A10:60; B5:14-15

See also compressional wave velocity

velocity logs

vs. depth, A6:181, 186-189, 195, 197, 199, 201; A9:135-138

See also sonic velocity logs

velocity, sonic, vs. depth, A1:72

velocity, transverse, fault gouge, A11:11

velocity, vertical, properties, A9:225-226

vertical seismic profiles. See seismic profiles, vertical

vertical velocity. See velocity, vertical

vesicles

lithostratigraphic units, A6:9-10

photomicrograph, A6:103

vesicular basalt. See basalt, vesicular

vesicular texture, basalt, A7:16

vitric fragments

photomicrograph, B7:49-50, 57-58

sandstone, B7:9-13

silica, B8:18

volcaniclastic sand, B7:6-7, 21

vitrinite

abundance, B10:7-9, 13

coal, B10:10-11

dispersed organic matter, B10:10

photomicrograph, B10:23-25, 28, 31-35

phytoclasts, B10:8-9

reflectance, B10:11-12, 20-21

sediments, B(synthesis):15

See also telovitrinite

volatile hydrocarbons. See hydrocarbons, volatile

volcanic arcs

evolution, A3:4-5

sediment provenance, B6:16-24

volcanic ash

alteration, A9:40

eruptions, A9:28

history, A1:19-20

lithostratigraphic units, A6:9-10, 17, 19, 22; A7:8,10-11; A9:6-7, 9, 11; A12:12, 14-15; B6:5, 9-10, 13

number of layers and thickness per core, A9:94; A12:87

photograph, A6:89; A9:68; A12:73

photomicrograph, A6:90

sedimentation rates, A1:4, 9

sedimentation sources, A6:34-35; B6:24

thickness vs. depth, A6:121

vs. age, A1:51

volcanic breccia, lithostratigraphic units, A5:8-9

volcanic clasts

chemical composition, B8:36

See also alkalic volcanic clasts

volcanic fragments

sandstone, B7:8-17

vs. depth, B7:30-33, 37, 39-42

volcanic fronts, Miocene-Holocene, B(synthesis):4

volcanic glass

lithostratigraphic units, A5:7; A7:8-10; A9:8-11; A10:7; A12:5, 8-9, 11, 13-15; B6:5-7, 10, 12-14, 16

photograph, A7:29; A9:69, 71

photomicrograph, A1:60; A6:103; A8:63; A9:73; A10:23

sedimentation sources, A6:34-35

sediments, B6:17-24

volcaniclastic sand, B7:6-7

volcaniclastics, B8:8-9

See also glass shards; vitric fragments

volcanic grains

lithostratigraphic units, A5:13; B6:13

photomicrograph, A5:50-52

volcanic rock fragments, lithostratigraphic units, A12:8-11

volcanic rocks

basement, B(synthesis):6

correlation, B1:3

volcanic rocks, acidic, photomicrograph, A5:63; A7:32; A9:72, 84

volcanic rocks, basic, photomicrograph, A10:31-32

volcanic rocks, calc-alkalic, sediment provenance, B7:21

volcanic rocks, silicic, sediment provenance, B7:21

volcaniclastic sand. See sand, volcaniclastic

volcaniclastic sandstone. See sandstone, volcaniclastic

volcaniclastic silt. See silt, volcaniclastic

volcaniclastic siltstone. See siltstone, volcaniclastic

volcaniclastic turbidites. See turbidites, volcaniclastic

volcaniclastics

basement, B3:3-4

diagenesis, A9:42

eruptions, A9:28

lithostratigraphic units, A5:14; A6:9-10, 12, 24, 33-34; A7:7-8; A8:5, 12; B6:10, 13

magnetostratigraphy, A1:4

mineral chemistry, B8:9-10

petrography, B8:1-44

photograph, A9:71

photomicrograph, B8:41

Pliocene-Pleistocene, A1:18-19

sediment provenance, B6:1-53

sedimentation, A1:15

sedimentation rates, A1:7

sediments, B6:17-24

tectonics, B8:9-13

vs. depth, B7:30-35, 39-42

volcanism

age and location, A3:15

dating, B2:12-13

epiclastic sedimentation, A12:25

history, A1:19-20

sandstone, B7:21

sediment provenance, A6:34-35; B6:19, 23-24

volcaniclastics, B8:9-13

volcanism, high-potassium, late Pleistocene-Holocene, B6:19

volcanism, peralkaline rhyolite, Miocene-Holocene, B(synthesis):4

W

wackestone

lithostratigraphic units, A6:15

photomicrograph, A6:107

water-escape structures, photograph, A12:67

weathering, clasts, A12:26, 30

well-logging

correlation, B5:1-25

Formation Microscanner imaging, B24:1-43

intervals, A1:77

log units, A9:53-55

sediments, A5:40-42

Site 1109, A6:69-76, 295; B25:55-57

Site 1114, A8:38-43, 139; B24:15

Site 1115, A9:224; B25:83-85

Site 1118, A12:211; B25:27-30

Woodlark Basin

biostratigraphy, B4:1-13

continental crust, B3:1-28

cross sections, A1:34

dolerite, B1:1-18

evolution, A3:6-7

marine geophysical surveys, A2:1-20

microbiology, B19:1-12

organic petrology, B10:1-36

paleomagnetism, B20:1-15

permeability, B23:1-14

pore water, B17:1-20

sandstone, B7:1-58

sediment hydrology, B22:1-22

sediment provenance, B6:1-53

tectonics, B2:1-35

turbidite facies, B9:1-30

Woodlark Basin N, structural geology, B25:1-159

Woodlark Basin W

continental extension, A1:1-77; B(synthesis):1-36

correlation, B5:1-25

gases, B18:1-14

magnetic anisotropy, B21:1-7

Miocene algae, B15:1-6

Quaternary radiolarians, B14:1-21

Quaternary sponge spicules, B13:1-8

volcaniclastics, B8:1-44

Woodlark Island

ophiolite, B1:3

tholeiite, B(synthesis):6

topography, A1:33

See also Lusancay-Trobriand-Woodlark Islands

Woodlark Rise

basement, B(synthesis):6

geophysical surveys, A2:4-5

rift onset, B(synthesis):9

tectonics, B(synthesis):3-4

woody tissues, photomicrograph, B10:22-23

X

X-ray diffraction data

fault gouge, A11:40

sediments, A6:246-247; A7:76; A8:125; A9:181-182; A10:67; A12:178-179; B6:43

X-ray fluorescence data

dolerite, A12:180-181

sediments, B6:44-53

xenocrysts, photomicrograph, A7:47

xenoliths, zoned plagioclase, A7:16

xylem, photomicrograph, B10:29

Y

ytterbium, clay, B17:6

yttrium

clay, B17:6

sediments, B6:5, 7, 10-11, 13

vs. aluminum oxide, B6:14, 36

vs. iron oxide, B6:14

See also titanium-zirconium-yttrium; titanium/yttrium ratio

Z

zeolite veins

photograph, A12:102

photomicrograph, A12:91

See also calcite-zeolite veins

zeolites

authigenesis, A9:40, 42

clasts, A12:26

lithostratigraphic units, B6:8

quartz gabbro, B3:5-6

See also calcite-zeolite veins; clinoptilolite

zinc

sediments, B6:10-11, 16; B7:21

vs. magnesium oxide, B6:14, 37

zircon

aluminum oxide, B6:14

fluorescence, B10:5

granite gneiss, A7:13

ion microprobe data, B(synthesis):5

uranium-lead dating, B2:6, 27

zircon grains, volcaniclastic sand, B7:6

zirconium

clay, B17:6

dolerite, A6:36; B1:4

granite porphyry, A7:13

quartz gabbro, A11:6

sediments, B6:5-7, 10-11, 13, 15-24

vs. aluminum oxide, B6:14, 36

vs. depth, A6:132

vs. titanium/yttrium ratio, A6:135

See also titanium-zirconium-yttrium

zoisite

metadolerite, A8:17

mica schist, A7:12-13

mineral chemistry, B3:23

secondary minerals, B3:8

See also clinozoisite

zonation

biostratigraphy, A6:43-48

foraminifers, A9:32-33; A12:32

magnetic polarity, A6:256

nannofossils, A7:18; A9:31-32; A12:31

nannofossils and foraminifers, A7:49

Neogene, B11:11-12

planktonic foraminifers, A10:14-15

radiolarians, B14:18

zoned amphibole. See amphibole, zoned

zoned clinopyroxene. See clinopyroxene, zoned

zoned plagioclase. See plagioclase, zoned

Zoophycos

lithostratigraphic units, A5:15-16; A6:15-16, 20, 23; A9:10, 17, 24; A10:9; A12:5, 13, 16

photograph, A12:57; B9:21