SUBJECT INDEX

A

abyssal environment, paleoenvironment, A7:25–26

accretion, drift deposits, A3:1–112

age

diatoms, A5:36

magnetostratigraphy, A7:159; A8:121

age models

biostratigraphic datums, A6:25–26

biostratigraphy, A7:34–36

magnetic polarity, A6:66–67; A8:66–67

magnetostratigraphy, A6:66–67; A7:34–36

sedimentation rates, A3:21; A4:17–18, 72; A5:18–19; A6:25–27; A7:34–37; A8:28–29; A9:18–19; B1:13–15, 92; B3:4

upper Miocene biostratigraphy, B1:17

age vs. depth

Site 594, B1:108

Site 1119, A3:53; B7:11

Site 1120, A4:31; B7:11

Site 1121, A5:45; B7:11

Site 1122, A6:58; B7:11

Site 1123, A7:71–72, 90, 175; B2:4–6, 15; B3:4; B7:11

Site 1124, A8:60, 74; B2:5–6; B7:11

Site 1125, A9:38, 48

Ahu Ahu Rhyolite, volcanism, B1:24

alkalinity

lithologic units, A1:14

pore water, A3:22; A4:18–19; A5:19; A6:28; A7:38; A8:30; A9:20

vs. ammonium, B7:10

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49

Alpine Fault, tectonics, A1:3–4, 7

alteration, photograph, A5:33

Altonian

biostratigraphy, A4:11–12

foraminifers, A7:19, 21; A8:17, 19

paleoclimatology, B1:5

aluminum. See barium/aluminum ratio; copper/aluminum ratio; nickel/aluminum ratio; phosphorus/aluminum ratio; potassium/aluminum ratio; silicon/aluminum ratio; titanium/aluminum ratio

ammonium

lithologic units, A1:14

pore water, A3:22; A4:19; A5:20; A6:29; A7:38; A8:31

vs. alkalinity, B7:10

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49

Amuri Limestone

sedimentation, B1:39

tectonics, A1:4

Anconichnus, lithologic units, A6:7

Antarctic Bottom Water, paleoceanography, A1:3; B1:10

Antarctic Circumpolar Current

paleoceanography, A1:3, 5–10; A5:6–8; A6:9–13; A8:10; B1:1–111; B3:1–21

See also Deep Western Boundary Current/Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow

Antarctic Intermediate Water, paleoceanography, A1:1–2, 11; A4:18; B1:6–7, 57–59, 90–105

Antarctic Polar Front, paleoceanography, A1:1–80; B1:51

Antarctica. See Australian–Antarctic deep-water flow gateway

Asterosoma, lithologic units, A3:5

Australia, plate tectonics, A1:3

Australian Plate, plate boundaries, A1:4

Australian–Antarctic deep-water flow gateway, paleoceanography, A1:3

B

bacteria, sulfate reduction, B7:1–15

Balleny Fracture Zone, paleoceanography, A1:3

barium/aluminum ratio, vs. age, B1:27; B9:5

basins, tectonics, A1:4

bathyal environment

foraminifers, A3:16–17

lithologic units, A4:8–15

paleoenvironment, A7:25–26

bathymetry, currents, A1:6

beryllium isotopes

sediments, B1:13–14, 32

stratigraphy, B1:90

biochronostratigraphy, plankton, A8:58

biopelagic accumulation, drift deposits, B1:45

biostratigraphic datums

age models, A6:25–26

foraminifers and Bolboforma, A9:81

nannofossils, A4:57; A5:9–10; A8:60; A9:80

sedimentation rates, A4:17–18

biostratigraphic events, zoning, A3:87; A4:55–56, 71; A5:18–19; A6:127; A7:173–174; A8:130–131; A9:91

biostratigraphy

Cenozoic, B1:13–19

Eocene/Oligocene boundary, B1:42–45

magnetic polarity, A6:66–67

magnetostratigraphy, A8:25–27

micropaleontology, B1:59–60

paleoenvironment, A4:13–15

phytoplankton, B1:18–19

sedimentation rates, A3:21

Site 1119, A3:11–18

Site 1120, A4:7–15

Site 1121, A5:8–15

Site 1122, A6:13–20

Site 1123, A7:13–26; B1:91

Site 1124, A8:12–23

Site 1125, A9:9–16

summary chart, A5:35; A6:57; A7:70; A9:37

bioturbation

lithologic units, A1:16; A3:5–8; A4:4–7; A5:4–6; A6:6–9; A7:5–9; A8:5–9; A9:4–7

paleoenvironment, A7:25–26

photograph, A5:30; A6:51, 55–56; A8:53

bivalves

lithologic units, A3:7

photograph, A3:41

Bolboforma

abundance, A9:82–83

biostratigraphic datums, A9:81

datums, A7:139; A8:108

bolboformids

biostratigraphy, A4:12

upper Miocene biostratigraphy, B1:17, 94

borehole offsets, vs. depth, A3:51; A4:38; A6:70; A7:86; A8:71; A9:46

Bortonian, foraminifers, A7:20; A8:18, 20

boundary currents, lithologic units, A6:7–9

Bounty Channel system

clay mineralogy, B1:26–27

currents, A1:7; A6:10; B1:9

late Neogene sediment sources, B1:51–54

Bounty Fan

lithologic units, A1:20–23

sedimentation, B1:14

See also pre-Bounty Fan

Bounty Islands, site description, A6:1–146

Bounty Trough

marine sedimentation, A1:8

paleoceanography, A6:26–27

sedimentation, B1:33

Subtropical Front, B1:37–38

tectonics, A1:3

breccia, chert, lithologic units, A5:5

brecciation, lithologic units, A7:8

Brunhes Chron

magnetic polarity, A7:28–32; A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A6:22–23; A8:25–27

nannofossil biostratigraphy, A3:13

Brunhes/Matuyama boundary

biostratigraphy, A6:15–16

lithologic units, A1:25

nannofossil biostratigraphy, A3:13

sedimentation rates, A7:10

bulk density logs

correlation, A7:46

vs. depth, A7:107–108

burrows

lithologic units, A3:5–6; A4:4–7; A7:5–9

Oligocene, B1:41

photograph, A3:41–42; A7:61, 63–64

C

calcite, vs. depth, A3:39

calcium

pore water, A3:23; A4:19; A5:20; A6:29; A7:39; A8:31; A9:21

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49

See also magnesium/calcium ratio; strontium/calcium ratio

caldera collapse, volcanism, B1:24–25

caliper logs, vs. depth, A3:65; A7:105; A8:82; A9:53

Campbell Drift

carbonates, B8:1–5

lithologic units, A1:18–20

site description, A5:1–62

Campbell Plateau

age models, B1:13–14, 21

benthic foraminifers, B1:21

currents, A1:5

geologic cross section, A1:43

ice-rafted debris, B1:36–37

lithologic units, A1:15–18

marine sedimentation, A1:7–9

paleoceanography, A1:1–4

site description, A5:1–62

tectonics, A1:3–4

Campbell Plateau Central, site description, A4:1–77

Campbell "Skin Drift"

age models, B1:13–14

sedimentation, B1:32

Canterbury Basin

lithologic units, A1:11–14

sedimentation, A1:11; B1:39

tectonics, A1:3

Canterbury margin, lithologic units, A3:9

Canterbury Slope

age models, B1:13

site description, A3:1–112

carbon, inorganic, sediments, A3:107–109; A4:74–75; A5:61; A6:141–143; A7:177–179; A8:133–134

carbon, organic

lithologic units, A1:30, 32

sediments, A3:24; A4:20–21; A5:22, 61; A6:31; A7:40–41, 177–179; A8:33

vs. depth, A6:76; A7:97; A8:77

carbon, organic/nitrogen ratio

organic matter, A3:25, 107–109; A7:41, 177–179

sediments, A5:22, 61; A6:31, 141–143; A8:33, 133–134

carbon, total, sediments, A3:107–109; A4:74–75; A6:141–143; A7:177–179; A8:133–134

carbon, total organic

sediments, A3:107–109; A4:74–75; A5:61; A6:141–143; A7:177–179; A8:133–134; B3:4–5, 11–19

vs. age, B3:9

vs. depth, A3:58; B7:12

carbon isotopes

benthic foraminifers, B1:35; B10:1–20

marine isotope stages, B1:29–31

vs. depth, B1:101; B10:5

carbonate cement, lithologic units, A9:6–7

carbonate compensation depth

crust subsidence, A5:37

lithologic units, A5:7, 13–15

Paleocene, B1:27

paleoclimatology, B1:51

carbonate content

lithologic units, A1:14, 26, 29, 32, 102; A4:6–7, 20–21, 74–75; A8:10, 133–134; B1:104; B3:4–5; B9:1–10

measured values vs. predicted values, B4:8

models, B4:9, 11, 13–18, 20-24

predicted values vs. measured values, B4:25-32

prediction, B4:12

reflectance data, B4:42-50

sediments, A3:24; A5:22; A6:31; A7:40; A8:33; B3:4–5, 11–19; B8:1–5; B9:1–10

vs. age, B3:9

vs. depth, A3:57; A4:41; A5:47; A6:75; A7:65, 96; A8:76; B8:4

vs. reflectance, A4:29; A7:60; A8:49

See also reflectance/carbonate content ratio

carbonate fraction, models, B4:7, 33–41

carbonate proxy, reflectance, B1:29; B4:1–50

carbonate sediments, Oligocene, A1:3

carbonates

dissolution, B1:21

lithologic units, A1:24

paleoceanography, B1:36

Paleocene, B1:27

paleoclimatology, B1:48–51

precipitation, A8:32; B1:35

recrystallization, A5:21; A7:38; A8:31

remineralization, A3:23–24

carbonates, authigenic, dissolved manganese, B5:1–5

Castlecliffian

biostratigraphy, A4:10

foraminifers, A8:19; A9:12, 14

lithologic units, A1:14

nannofossil biostratigraphy, A3:13

celestite, pore water, A7:39

Cenozoic

biostratigraphy, B1:13–19

evolution, B1:1–111

paleoceanography, B1:6–7

paleoclimatology, B1:5

chalk

burial curve, A7:92

lithologic units, A4:5; A8:6–7

Neogene, B1:57

photograph, A7:64

upper Neogene, B1:51–54

chalk, clayey nannofossil

lithologic units, A1:32; A7:6–9; A8:7; A9:6–7; B3:2–3

photograph, A7:66

chalk, nannofossil

lithologic units, A1:21–23, 29; A6:9; A8:7

Oligocene, B1:41

photograph, A8:55

Chatham Drift N

paleoceanography, A7:1–184

sedimentation, B1:33–35

Chatham Islands, site description, A6:1–146

Chatham Rise

biogenic opal, B6:1–12

Cenozoic biostratigraphy, B1:18–19

inorganic geochemistry, B9:1–10

lithologic units, A1:23–27, 31–33

marine sedimentation, A1:10–11; B1:8

Pliocene–Quaternary paleocirculation, B1:22–23

sedimentation, B1:14–15; B3:1–21

tectonics, A1:3–5

Chatham Rise N

clay mineralogy, B1:26–27

Pliocene sea-surface temperature, B1:21–22

Chatham Slope N, Subtropical Convergence, A9:1–92

chert

formation, A8:32

lithologic units, A1:19–20

pore water, A5:21

See also nodules, chert

chert layers, lithologic units, A8:8

chloride

pore water, A4:18; A5:19; A6:28; A7:37; A8:30; A9:19; B7:13–14

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49

chlorite

sediments, B1:26–27; B3:5–6, 20–21

vs. age, B3:10

vs. depth, A3:39; B1:100

chlorite schist, erosion, B1:27

Chondrites

lithologic units, A1:25; A3:5–8; A4:5; A6:7–9, 12; A7:5–11; A8:5–6, 8; A9:5–7

Marshall Paraconformity, B1:107

Oligocene, B1:41

photograph, A3:42; A6:56

Chron 26n/C25r boundary, marine isotope stages, B1:30

Chron C1n

magnetic polarity, A7:28–32; A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A6:22; A8:25

Chron C1r

magnetic polarity, A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A6:22

Chron C1r–C2r

magnetic polarity, A7:28–32

magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C1r.1n

magnetic polarity, A7:28

magnetostratigraphy, A6:22; A8:25

Chron C1r.1r, magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C1r.2r, magnetostratigraphy, A6:22

Chron C1r.2r–1n

magnetic polarity, A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C2An

magnetic polarity, A7:28–32; A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A6:23; A8:25

Chron C2An.1n, magnetic polarity, A7:28

Chron C2Ar

magnetic polarity, A7:28; A9:17

Chron C2Ar–C3r, magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C2Ar–C4n, magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C2n

magnetic polarity, A7:28

magnetostratigraphy, A6:22; A8:25

Chron C2r, magnetic polarity, A9:17

Chron C2r.1n, magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C2r.1r, magnetostratigraphy, A6:22

Chron C3A, magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C3An, magnetic polarity, A7:28

Chron C3Ar, magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C3B, magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C3Bn

magnetic polarity, A7:29

magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C3Br, magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C3n, magnetic polarity, A7:28; A9:17

Chron C3n.1n, magnetic polarity, A7:28

Chron C3n.2n, magnetic polarity, A7:28

Chron C3n.3n, magnetic polarity, A7:28

Chron C3n.4n, magnetic polarity, A1:33; A7:28

Chron C3r, magnetic polarity, A7:28, 31; A9:17

Chron C3r–C4r, magnetic polarity, A1:30

Chron C4An

magnetic polarity, A7:29

magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C4Ar, magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C4Ar.1n

magnetic polarity, A7:29

magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C4Ar.2n

magnetic polarity, A7:29

magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C4n

magnetic polarity, A7:29

magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C4r

magnetic polarity, A7:29

magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C5AAn, magnetic polarity, A7:30

Chron C5Abn, magnetic polarity, A7:30

Chron C5Acn, magnetic polarity, A7:30

Chron C5ADn, magnetic polarity, A7:30

Chron C5An, magnetic polarity, A7:31

Chron C5Ar.1n, magnetic polarity, A7:30–31

Chron C5Ar.2n, magnetic polarity, A7:30

Chron C5Br, magnetic polarity, A7:29

Chron C5Br–C5ADn, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C5Cn

magnetic polarity, A7:30

magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C5Cr, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C5Dn, magnetic polarity, A7:30

Chron C5Dr, magnetic polarity, A7:30

Chron C5En, magnetic polarity, A7:30

Chron C5Er, magnetic polarity, A7:30

Chron C5n, magnetic polarity, A7:28–29

Chron C5n.1n, magnetic polarity, A7:29

Chron C5n.1r, magnetostratigraphy, A8:25

Chron C5r

magnetic polarity, A7:29

magnetostratigraphy, A6:23

Chron C5r.1n

magnetic polarity, A1:22

magnetostratigraphy, A6:23

Chron C5r.2n, magnetic polarity, A1:22

Chron C5r.2r, magnetostratigraphy, A6:23

Chron C6An, debris flows, A7:12

Chron C6Cn, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C6n

debris flows, A7:12

magnetic polarity, A1:25; A7:30–31

Chron C6r

magnetic polarity, A7:31

magnetic reversals, A1:10

Chron C7n, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C8r, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C9n, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C12r

lithologic units, A1:25

magnetic polarity, A7:31

magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C13n

magnetic polarity, A7:31

magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C13r, magnetic polarity, A7:31

Chron C15n, magnetic polarity, A7:31

Chron C18, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C18r, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C19, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C19n, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C19r, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Chron C25r

lithologic units, A1:20

magnetic polarity, A5:18

Chron C26n

lithologic units, A1:20

magnetic polarity, A5:18

Chron C26r, magnetic polarity, A5:18

Chron C27n

lithologic units, A1:20

magnetic polarity, A5:18

Chron C27r

lithologic units, A1:20

magnetic polarity, A5:18

Chron C29r, magnetostratigraphy, A8:29

Chron C30N, magnetostratigraphy, A8:29

chronostratigraphy. See biochronostratigraphy

Chrons C26–C30, magnetostratigraphy, A8:27

circum-Antarctic oceanic circulation, paleoceanography, A1:3

Circumpolar Deep Water, paleoceanography, B1:10, 35

clasts

debris flows, A7:26

lithologic units, A7:8–9

clasts, chert, lithologic units, A5:5

clay

photograph, A5:31, 34

swelling, A8:84

well-logs, A7:46

clay, nannofossil silty, lithologic units, A8:5–6

clay, sandy, lithologic units, A1:19–20; A5:4–5

clay, silty

lithologic units, A1:11–14, 19–20; A3:5–8; A5:4–5; A6:6–8; A7:10; A8:5–6; A9:4–6

photograph, A3:40–42, 44; A5:30

clay mineralogy

Miocene–Holocene patterns, B1:26–27

vs. depth, B1:100

See also chlorite; illite; kaolinite; mixed-layer minerals; smectite

clay minerals

diagenesis, A8:31

sediments, B3:5–6

claystone, sedimentation, B1:39

Clifdenian

foraminifers, A7:19, 21; A8:17, 19

paleoclimatology, B1:5

clinoptilolite, vs. depth, A4:32; A5:38

coarse fraction

sediments, B3:11–19

vs. age, B3:9

Cobb Mountain Subchron

magnetic polarity, A6:22; A7:28; A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A8:25–27

Cochiti Subchron

biostratigraphy, A9:11

magnetic polarity, A7:28

color, lithologic units, A1:25

color banding

lithologic units, A3:6–8; A4:4–7; A5:4–6; A7:5–10; A8:6–7

photograph, A3:40

tephra, A8:52

composite depths

gamma rays, A3:20–21

Site 1120, A3:20–21

Site 1121, A4:16–17

Site 1122, A6:24–25

Site 1123, A7:32–34; B10:2

Site 1124, A8:27–28, 122–128

Site 1125, A9:17–18, 84–89

composite section

correlation, A4:36; A7:32–34

depths, A3:97–104; A4:66–69; A6:131–137; A7:160–170; A8:27–28; A9:17

lithologic units, A1:25

translation to stretched mbsf and mcd scales, A7:172

vs. depth, A3:50

compressional wave velocity

sediments, A3:26; A4:22; A5:23–24; A6:33; A7:42–43; A8:35

vs. depth, A4:43; A5:49; A6:79–80; A7:100–101; A8:79

concretions, carbonate, lithologic units, A5:5–6

contourite

lithologic units, A1:18–20; A6:7–12

photograph, A6:49

contourite, muddy, lithologic units, A3:10

copper/aluminum ratio, vs. age, B9:5

core–log correlation

lithologic units, A7:45–46

well-logging, A8:36–37

Coromandel Volcanic Zone, Miocene–Pliocene volcanism, B1:23–26

correlation

composite depths, A6:24–25

composite section, A8:27–28

Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, A8:39

magnetic polarity, A5:44

Cretaceous

nannofossils, A8:14–15

paleoceanography, A6:26–27

Cretaceous, Upper

benthic foraminifers, A8:111

biostratigraphy, A8:59

foraminifers, A8:19

lithologic units, A8:8–9

paleoenvironment, A8:23

rift–drift system, B1:38–40

rifting, A1:3–4; B1:1–111

Cretaceous–Paleogene interval, sediment aprons, B1:55

Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary

brown mudstone, A8:39

correlation, A8:39

foraminifers, A8:18–20

lithologic units, A1:29–30; A8:8

magnetostratigraphy, A8:27, 29

marine isotope stages, B1:30

Rekohu Drift, A8:1–137

sedimentation, B1:39

cross laminations

lithologic units, A6:7–9

photograph, A6:49–51

crust, subsidence, A5:37; A6:72

crusts, ferromanganese, photograph, A5:33

Cruziana ichnofacies

lithologic units, A6:12; A7:10–11; A8:5–6, 9; A9:5–8

vs. depth, A8:51

current erosion, sea-floor spreading, B1:4–5

currents

deep water, A1:4–5

paleoceanography, A1:3; A6:11–13

cycladophorids, Paleocene biostratigraphy, B1:15–16

cyclic processes

lithologic units, A1:13, 24, 29, 32; A7:9–10; A8:10; A9:7–8

magnetic properties, A3:19–20

sedimentation, A9:18–19

upper Neogene, B1:51–54

Cylindrichnus, lithologic units, A7:8, 11; A8:5–6

D

Danian, foraminifers, A8:18

debris flows

clasts, A7:26; B3:2

lithologic units, A6:9–13; A7:8–9

Miocene, A7:11–12

debris, ice-rafted, paleoceanography, B1:36–37

debris-flow deposits

lithologic units, A6:8–9

photograph, A6:52

decompaction, sediments, A6:26

deep induction logs, vs. depth, A3:65, 69; A7:105, 111; A8:82; A9:53

deep water

currents, A1:4–5

history, A1:4–5; B1:38–55

paraconformities, B1:41–42

salt, B1:38

Deep Western Boundary Current

marine sedimentation, A1:7–11; A6:9–13; B1:32–38, 47–48; B3:1–21

paleoceanography, A1:3–7; A8:1–137; B1:1–12

Deep Western Boundary Current/Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow, sedimentation, B1:32–36

deformation, plastic, photograph, A7:66

degradation, organic matter, A3:23–24; A5:20; A7:41

demagnetization

remanent magnetization, A5:15–17

sediments, A4:15–16

demagnetization, alternating-field

magnetic intensity, A6:65

saturation isothermal remanent magnetization, A7:80

vectors, A3:48; A5:41, 43; A6:63

demagnetization, thermal

magnetic intensity, A6:65

saturation isothermal remanent magnetization, A7:80

sediments, A3:19–20

density, bulk

sediments, A7:42; A8:35; A9:22

vs. depth, A3:61; A5:50; A6:81; A7:102

density, dry-bulk, vs. depth, A3:59; A4:42; A5:48; A6:77–78; A7:99; A8:78

density, grain, vs. depth, A3:59; A4:42; A5:48; A6:77–78; A7:99

density, GRAPE

composite depths, A4:17

sediments, A3:25–26; A9:22

vs. depth, A3:60; A4:36–37, 39, 43–44; A5:49; A6:68–69, 71, 79–80; A7:100–101; A8:68–70, 72–73; A9:50

density, wet-bulk, vs. depth, A3:59; A4:42; A5:48, 52; A6:77–78; A7:99; A8:78

density logs, vs. depth, A3:65, 67; A7:105, 108, 111; A9:53

density porosity, vs. neutron porosity logs, A9:57

deposition, currents, A5:6–8

diachroneity, Paleocene biostratigraphy, B1:16

diagenesis

carbonates, A1:31

clay minerals, A8:31

dissolution, A8:31–32

silica, A3:23–24; A4:14; A5:14; A6:20

tephrochronology, B1:24

diatoms

abundance, A3:92–93; A4:61; A5:58; A6:123–126; A7:142–149; A8:112–115

age, A5:36

biostratigraphy, A3:14; A4:12, 14; A5:11–12, 14; A6:16–17; A7:21–22; A8:20; A9:14–15

Cenozoic biostratigraphy, B1:18–19

datums, A8:116

dissolution, A6:30; A9:15

lithologic units, A1:19–20; A5:5–6; A9:4–6

paleoenvironment, A3:17–18; A4:14; A5:14; A6:19–20; A7:26; A8:23; A9:16

paleoproductivity, A4:8

provenance, A6:60

vs. depth, A3:45; A4:32; A5:38

disconformities

magnetostratigraphy, A8:29

nannofossils, A7:16

dissolution

carbonates, B1:21

diagenesis, A8:31–32

diatoms, A6:30; A9:15

foraminifers, A7:17; A8:21–23

magnetic minerals, A3:23–24

nannofossils, A7:17; A8:13

dolomite, magnesium desorption, A6:29

downhole measurements

Site 1119, A3:27–29

Site 1122, A6:33–34

Site 1123, A7:43–46

Site 1124, A8:36–39

Site 1125, A9:22–25

Drake Passage, paleoceanography, A1:3, 5

Drake (Powell) Passage, opening, B1:45–47

drift deposits

accretion, A3:1–112; B1:1–111

biopelagic accumulation, B1:45, 47–49

development, A3:35

lithologic units, A1:29–31; A3:5–8; A6:8–9; A7:5–9; B1:14–15

marine sedimentation, A1:10

Oligocene, B1:56–57

photograph, A3:43

Duntroonian, foraminifers, A8:17, 19

E

East Cape Current

currents, A1:6

upper Neogene, B1:54

East Coast Basin, tectonics, A1:4

East Coast Current, currents, B1:10

East Coast Fold Belt, sedimentation, B1:40

Eastern New Zealand Oceanic Sedimentary System

marine sedimentation, A1:8–9, 44; A5:8; B1:7–9, 38–55

paleoclimatology, B1:48–51, 107

echinoid spines, lithologic units, A4:6

El Nino–Southern Oscillation events, volcanism, B1:25–26

Ellicea, lithologic units, A1:13

Emerald Basin, marine sedimentation, A1:7–9

environment. See abyssal environment; bathyal environment; shallow environment; subtropical environment

Eocene

Drake (Powell) Passage opening, B1:46

foraminifers, A8:17–18

lithologic units, A7:9

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B2:1–22

paleoclimatology, B1:5

paleoenvironment, A8:22–23

sediments, B3:1–21

See also Paleocene/Eocene boundary; Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum

Eocene, middle–upper, lithologic units, A8:7–8

Eocene, upper

nannofossils, A7:16–17; B2:1–22

rift–drift system, B1:38–40

Eocene–Holocene interval, marine sedimentation, A1:10

Eocene–Oligocene interval

limestone, A1:25

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B1:16

Eocene/Oligocene boundary

benthic foraminifers, B1:20

magnetostratigraphy, A7:31

marine isotope stages, B1:30

nannofossils, A7:17; B2:1–22

paleoceanography, B1:42–45

paleoclimatology, B1:5

remanent magnetization, A7:27

Tasmanian Gateway opening, B1:40–41

epiclastics, sedimentation, B1:9

erosion

Marshall Paraconformity, B1:56

Oligocene, B1:41–42, 56

sedimentation, B1:32

See also current erosion

eruptions

lithologic units, A8:11

volcanism, B1:24–25

ethane, sediments, A3:24

extinction, benthic foraminifers, B1:20

F

faults. See transform faults

feldspar. See quartz/feldspar ratio

ferromanganese composition. See nodules, ferromanganese

firmgrounds, lithologic units, A6:8

flow lineation, lithologic units, A7:8–9

flow regime, currents, A5:6–8

foraminifers

abundance, A5:57; A9:82–83

biostratigraphic datums, A9:81

biostratigraphy, A3:12–14; A4:10–14; A5:10–11, 13–14; A6:15–16; A7:17–21; A8:15–20; A9:12–14; B1:94

changing characteristics summary, A6:59

datums, A7:139; A8:108

dissolution, A8:21–23

Eocene/Oligocene boundary, B1:42–45

intermediate water, B1:57

lithologic units, A1:13, 19, 29; A4:4–7; A8:8; A9:4–6

marine isotope stages, B1:29–31

middle–late Pliocene censuses and sea-surface temperatures, B1:21–22

Paleocene, A5:57

paleoclimatology, B1:48–51

paleoenvironment, A3:16–17; A4:13–14; A5:13–14; A6:17–19; A7:25–26; A8:21–23; A9:15–16; B1:37

foraminifers, benthic

abundance, A3:90–91; A6:121–122

lithologic units, A1:17–18

modern associations, B1:20–21

paleoceanography, B1:20–21

Paleocene and Late Cretaceous, A8:111

Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum, B1:19–20

stable isotopes, B10:1–20

foraminifers, deep-sea benthic, evolution rates, B1:19–20, 95

foraminifers, planktonic

abundance, A3:89; A4:59–60; A6:120; A7:140–141; A8:109–110; B1:96, 98

late Pliocene–Quaternary paleocirculation, B1:22–23

upper Miocene biostratigraphy, B1:17

Formation Microscanner imaging

logs, A3:70

sediments, A3:29

vs. depth, A8:87

fragmentation index, Neogene, B1:96

fronts. See ocean fronts

G

gamma rays

composite depths, A3:20–21; A4:16–17

sediments, A7:42; A8:34–35

vs. depth, A3:50, 52, 60; A4:36–37, 39, 43; A5:49; A6:71, 79–80; A7:100–101; A8:79

gamma-ray logs

correlation, A7:46

vs. depth, A3:69; A8:82, 86–87; A9:54–56, 59

gastropods, lithologic units, A3:7

gateways, paleoceanography, A1:3; B1:1–111

Gauss Chron

lithologic units, A1:20, 30

magnetic polarity, A5:17; A7:28–32; A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A6:23; A8:25–27

geochemistry, inorganic

Site 1119, A3:21–24

Site 1120, A4:18–20

Site 1121, A5:19–21

Site 1122, A6:27–30

Site 1123, A7:37–40; B9:1–10

Site 1124, A8:30–32

Site 1125, A9:19–21

geochemistry, organic

Site 1119, A3:24–25

Site 1120, A4:20–21

Site 1121, A5:22

Site 1122, A6:30–31

Site 1123, A7:40–41

Site 1124, A8:33

geochronology. See biochronostratigraphy

geology, Pacific Ocean SW, A1:3–4

geomagnetism, time series, B1:103

Gilbert Chron

lithologic units, A1:30

magnetic polarity, A7:28; A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A8:25–27

glacial/interglacial cycles

lithologic units, A1:17–18; A3:9–11; A4:6–7; A7:6–10; A9:5–6, 8–9; B1:23, 36

Pliocene–Pleistocene palynomorphs, B1:22

Quaternary, B1:58

sediment supply, B1:54–55

glaciation

biogenic opal, B1:29

biostratigraphy, A3:15–18

lithologic units, A1:13

salt, B1:38

Subtropical Front, B1:37–38

water masses, B1:21

glauconite

lithologic units, A4:5; A9:6–7

sedimentation, B1:8

Gyrolithes, lithologic units, A6:7, 9, 12

H

hardgrounds, photograph, A4:30

Haumurian, foraminifers, A8:19–20

Haweran

biostratigraphy, A4:10

foraminifers, A8:19; A9:12, 14

heat flow, sediments, A8:35; A9:22

Helminthoida, lithologic units, A8:7

hematite

magnetization, A4:15–16

remanent magnetization, A5:15–17; A7:27

hemipelagic sediments

age models, A9:18–19

lithologic units, A6:8–9

hemipelagite, lithologic units, A1:24

hiatuses

biostratigraphy, A9:12

Cenozoic, B1:11

Eocene/Oligocene boundary, A7:27; B1:42–45; B2:1–2, 6–7

foraminifers, A8:18

lithologic units, A1:25; A8:9; B1:15

magnetostratigraphy, A8:27

Oligocene, B1:41–42

See also disconformities; Marshall Paraconformity; paraconformities; unconformities

high-energy environment, lithologic units, A9:7–8

highstands, biostratigraphy, A3:15–18

Hikurangi Channel, lithologic units, A8:11

Hikurangi Channel system

currents, A1:7; B1:9

late Neogene sediment sources, B1:51–54

Hikurangi Fan, fan drift, A1:8

Holocene, lithologic units, A6:5–6

hydrocarbons, volatile

sediments, A3:24; A4:20; A5:22; A6:30–31; A7:40; A8:33

See also ethane; methane; methane/ethane ratio

hydrogen index

organic matter, A7:41

vs. oxygen index, A7:98

hydrography, currents, A1:6–7

I

ichnofacies

lithologic units, A6:12

summary plot, A7:69

vs. depth, A9:35

See also Cruziana ichnofacies; Zoophycos ichnofacies

ichnofossils, vs. depth, A8:51

ignimbrite, volcanism, B1:24–25

illite

sediments, B1:26–27; B3:5–6, 20–21

vs. age, B3:10

index properties

Site 1119, A3:25, 110–112

Site 1120, A4:21, 76–77

Site 1121, A5:22

Site 1122, A6:32, 144–146

Site 1123, A7:41–42, 181–184

Site 1124, A8:34, 135–137

Indian–Pacific throughflow, Cenozoic, B1:11

induction logs

vs. depth, A7:105, 111; A8:82; A9:53

See also deep induction logs

interglacial deposits, lithologic units, A8:5–6

interglacials

paleoclimatology, B1:5

See also glacial/interglacial cycles

intermediate water, ocean fronts, B1:57

intraclasts, lithologic units, A6:9

isotopes. See beryllium isotopes; carbon isotopes; oxygen isotopes; stable isotopes

J

Jaramillo Subchron

magnetic polarity, A7:28; A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A6:22; A8:25

nannofossil biostratigraphy, A3:11

K

Kaiatan, foraminifers, A7:21; A8:18, 20

Kaikoura Canyon, marine sedimentation, A1:8

Kaikoura Synthem, Cretaceous–Cenozoic tectonosedimentary cycle, B1:19, 38–40

kaolinite

sediments, B3:5–6, 20–21

vs. age, B3:10

Kapitean

biostratigraphy, A4:10

foraminifers, A7:18–19; A8:17, 19; A9:13–14

lithologic units, A1:33

Kawakawa Tephra

magnetostratigraphy, A6:23

stratigraphy, A7:13

Kermadec Trench, marine sedimentation, A1:8

kerogen

organic matter, A7:41

Rock-Eval van Krevelen-type diagram, A7:98

L

laminations

lithologic units, A6:7–12; A8:5–6

photograph, A6:49–51; A8:56

See also cross laminations; planar laminations

laminations, contorted, lithologic units, A7:8–9

Last Glacial Maximum, biogenic opal, B1:29; B6:2–3, 6

Lillburnian

biostratigraphy, A6:16

foraminifers, A7:21; A8:17, 19

limestone, burial curve, A7:92

limestone, micritic, lithologic units, A1:25; A7:9

Limopsis, lithologic units, A3:7

lithium

pore water, A3:23; A4:20; A5:21; A6:30; A7:39–40; A8:32

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75

lithofacies, summary, A1:46

lithologic units

core–log correlation, A7:45–46

Site 1119, A1:11–14; A3:5–11

Site 1120, A1:15–18; A4:4–7, 54

Site 1121, A5:4–6

Site 1122, A6:5–9

Site 1123, A7:5–9

Site 1124, A8:4–9, 45–48

Site 1125, A9:4–7

Unit I, A3:5–6; A4:4–5; A5:4–5; A6:5–6; A7:5–7; A8:4–6; A9:4–6

Unit II, A3:6–8; A4:5; A5:5–6; A6:7–8; A7:7; A8:7; A9:6–7

Unit III, A3:8; A4:5; A6:8–9; A7:8–9; A8:7

Unit IV, A4:6; A7:9; A8:7–8

Unit V, A8:8

Unit VI, A8:8–9

lithostratigraphy

Site 1119, A3:4–11

Site 1120, A4:3–7, 54

Site 1121, A5:3–8

Site 1122, A6:4–12

Site 1123, A7:4–13

Site 1124, A8:3–11, 45–48

Site 1125, A9:3–9

Lord Howe Rise, post-middle Miocene volcanic supply, B1:48

Louisville Seamount chain, currents, A1:5

Lower Circumpolar Deep Water, paleoenvironment, A7:26

lowstands, lithologic units, A1:13