REFERENCES

Archie, G.E., 1942. The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics. J. Pet. Technol., 5:1-8.

ASTM, 1989. Annual Book of ASTM Standards for Soil and Rock: Building Stones (Vol. 4.08): Geotextiles: Philadelphia (Am. Soc. Testing and Mater.).

Aubele, J.C., Crumpler, L.S., and Elston, W.E., 1988. Vesicle zonation and vertical structure of basalt flows. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 35:349-374.

Balsam,W.L. and Damuth, J.E., in press. Further investigations of shipboard vs. shore-based spectral data: implications for interpreting Leg 164 sediment composition. In Paull, C.K., Matsumoto, R., Wallace, P., and Dillon, W.P. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 164: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Balsam, W.L., Damuth, J.E., and Schneider, R.R., 1997. Comparison of shipboard vs. shore-based spectral data from Amazon Fan cores: implications for interpreting sediment composition. In Flood, R.D., Piper, D.J.W., Klaus, A., and Peterson, L.C. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 155: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Problem), 193-215.

Balsam, W.L., Deaton, B.C., and Damuth, J.E., 1998. The effects of water content on diffuse reflectance measurements of deep-sea core samples: an example from ODP Leg 164 sediments. Mar. Geol., 149:177-189.

Berggren, W.A., 1992a. Neogene planktonic foraminifer magnetobiostratigraphy of the southern Kerguelen Plateau (Sites 747, 748, and 751). In Wise, S.W., Jr., Schlich, R., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 120 (Pt. 2): College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 631-647.

————, 1992b. Paleogene planktonic foraminifer magnetobiostratigraphy of the Southern Kerguelen Plateau (Sites 747-749). In Wise, S.W., Jr., Schlich, R., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 120 (Pt. 2): College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 551-568.

Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., and Flynn, J.J., 1985. Jurassic to Paleogene, Part 2. Paleogene geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In Snelling, N.J. (Ed.), The Chronology of the Geological Record. Geol. Soc. London Mem., 10:141-195.

Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Swisher, C.C., III, and Aubry, M.-P., 1995. A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Aubry, M.-P., and Hardenbol, J. (Eds.), Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. Spec. Publ.—Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. (Soc. Sediment. Geol.), 54:129-212.

Blum, P., 1997, Physical properties handbook: a guide to the shipboard measurement of physical properties of deep-sea cores. ODP Tech. Note, 26 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/tnotes/tn26/INDEX.HTM>.

Bown, P.R., Rutledge, D.C., Crux, J.A., and Gallagher, L.T., 1998. Lower Cretaceous. In Bown, P.R. (Ed.), Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy: Dordvecht (Kluwer Academic Publishers), 92-131.

Boyce, R.E., 1976. Definitions and laboratory techniques of compressional sound velocity parameters and wet-water content, wet-bulk density, and porosity parameters by gravimetric and gamma-ray attenuation techniques. In Schlanger, S.O., Jackson, E.D., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 33: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 931-958.

Bralower, T. J., 1992. Aptian-Albian calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of ODP Site 763 and the correlation between high- and low-latitude zonations. In Duncan, R.A., Rea, D.K., Kidd, R.B., von Rad, U., and Weissel, J.K. (Eds.), Synthesis of Results from Scientific Drilling in the Indian Ocean. Geophys. Monogr., Am. Geophys. Union, 70:245-369.

Bralower, T.J., Leckie, R.M., Sliter, W.V., and Thierstein, H.R., 1995. An integrated Cretaceous microfossil biostratigraphy. In Scholle, P.A. (Ed.), Geochronology, Time Scales, and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. Spec. Publ.—Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral., 54:65-79.

Bralower, T.J., Sliter, W.V., Arthur, M.A., Leckie, R.M., Allard, D.J., and Schlanger, S.O., 1993. Dysoxic/anoxic episodes in the Aptian-Albian (Early Cretaceous). In Pringle, M.S., Sager, W.W., Sliter, M.V., and Stein, S. (Eds.), The Mesozoic Pacific: Geology, Tectonics, and Volcanism. Geophys. Monogr., Am. Geophys. Union, 77:5-37.

Bukry, D., 1973. Low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation. In Edgar, N.T., Saunders, J.B., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 15: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 685-703.

————, 1975. Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, northwestern Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 32. In Larson, R.L., Moberly, R., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 32: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 677-701.

Cande, S.C., and Kent, D.V., 1995. Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. J. Geophys. Res., 100:6093-6095.

Caron, M., 1985. Cretaceous planktic foraminifera. In Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds), Plankton Stratigraphy: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press), 17-86.

Cita, M.B., Coccioni, R., Edwards, A.R., Monechi, S., Morgans, H.E.G., Strong, C.P., Watkins, D.K., and Webb, P.-N., 1997. Nannofossils and foraminifera. In Hannah, M.J., and Raine, J.I. (Eds.), Southern Ocean Late Cretaceous/Early Cenozoic Biostratigraphic Datums. Inst. Geol. Nucl. Sci., Sci. Rep., 97/4:5-10.

Crisp, J., and Baloga, S.M., 1994. Influence of crystallization and entrainment of cooler material on the emplacement of basaltic aa flows. J. Geophys. Res., 99:11819-11831.

Crisp, J., Cashman, K.V., Bonini, J.A., Hougen, S.B., and Pieri, D.C., 1994. Crystallization history of the 1984 Mauna Loa lava flow. J. Geophys. Res., 99:7177-7198.

Davis, E.E., Villinger, H., MacDonald, R.D., Meldrum, R.D., and Grigel, J., 1997. A robust rapid-response probe for measuring bottom-hole temperatures in deep-ocean boreholes. Mar. Geophys. Res., 19:267-281.

Demant, A., Cambray, H., Vandamme, D., and Leg 152 Shipboard Scientific Party, 1995. Lithostratigraphy of the volcanic sequences at Hole 917A, Leg 152, Southeast Greenland margin. J. Geol. Soc. London, 152:943-946.

Eberli, G.P., Swart, P.K., Malone, M.J., et al., 1997. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 166: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Ellis, D.V., 1987. Well Logging for Earth Scientists: New York (Elsevier).

Erba, E., Premoli Silva, I., and Watkins, D.K., 1995. Cretaceous calcareous plankton biostratigraphy of Sites 872 through 879. In Haggerty, J.A., Premoli Silva, I., Rack, F., and McNutt, M.K. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 144: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 157-169.

Fisher, R.V., and Schmincke, H.-U., 1984. Pyroclastic Rocks: New York (Springer-Verlag).

Gersonde, R., Hodell, D.A., Blum, P., et al., 1999. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 177: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Goff, F., 1996. Vesicle cylinders in vapor-differentiated basalt flows. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 97:167-185.

Goldberg, D., 1997. The role of downhole measurements in marine geology and geophysics. Rev. Geophys., 35:315-342.

Govindaraju, K., 1989. 1989 compilation of working values and sample description for 272 geostandards. Geostand. Newsl., 13 (spec. iss.).

Gradstein, F.M., Agterberg, F.P., Ogg, J.G., Hardenbol, J., van Veen, P., Thierry, J., and Huang, Z., 1994. A Mesozoic time scale. J. Geophys. Res., 99:24051-24074.

————, 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous time scale. In Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., and Aubry, M.P., and Hardenbol, J. (Eds.), Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. Spec. Publ.—Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral., 54:95-126.

Gregg, T.K.P., and Fink, J.H., 1995. Quantification of submarine lava-flow morphology through analog experiments. Geology, 23:73-76.

Harwood, D.M., and Maruyama, T., 1992. Middle Eocene to Pleistocene diatom biostratigraphy of Southern Ocean sediments from the Kerguelen Plateau, Leg 120. In Wise, S.W., Jr., Schlich, R., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 120: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 683-733.

Hiscott, R.N., Colella, A., Pezard, P., Lovell, M.A., and Malinverno, A., 1992. Sedimentology of deep-water volcaniclastics, Oligocene Izu-Bonin forearc basin, based on formation microscanner images. In Taylor, B., Fujioka, K., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 126: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 75-96.

Hon, K., Kauahikaua, J.P., Denlinger, R., and Mackay, K., 1994. Emplacement and inflation of pahoehoe sheet flows: observations and measurements of active lava flows on Kilauea, Hawaii. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 106:351-370.

Huber, B.T., 1990. Maestrichtian planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of the Maud Rise (Weddell Sea, Antarctica): ODP Leg 113 Holes 689B and 690C. In Barker, P.F., Kennett, J.P., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 113: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 489-513.

————, 1991. Paleogene and early Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of Sites 738 and 744, Kerguelen Plateau (southern Indian Ocean). In Barron, J., Larsen, B., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 119: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 427-449.

Huber, B.T., 1992. Upper Cretaceous planktic foraminiferal biozonation for the Austral Realm. Mar. Micropaleontol., 20:107-128.

Huber, B.T., and Watkins, D.K., 1992. Biogeography of Campanian-Maastrichtian calcareous plankton in the region of the Southern Ocean: paleogeographic and paleoclimatic implications. In Kennett, J.P., and Warnke, D.A. (Eds.), The Antarctic Paleoenvironment: A Perspective on Global Change. Am. Geophys. Union, Antarct. Res. Ser., 56:31-60.

Jenkins, D.G., 1971. New Zealand Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera. N.Z. Geol. Surv. Paleontol. Bull., 42:1-278.

Jenkins, D.G., and Srinivasan, M.S., 1986. Cenozoic planktonic foraminifers from the equator to the sub-antarctic of the southwest Pacific. In Kennett, J.P., von der Borch, C.C., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 90: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 795-834.

Jochum, K.P., Seufert, H.M., and Thirlwall, M.F., 1990. High-sensitivity Nb analysis by spark-source mass spectrometry (SSMS) and calibration of XRF Nb and Zr. Chem. Geol., 81:1-16.

Kennett, J.P., and Srinivasan, M.S., 1983. Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera: A Phylogenetic Atlas: Stroudsburg, PA (Hutchinson Ross).

Kirschvink, J.L., 1980. The least-squares line and plane and the analysis of palaeomagnetic data. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 62:699-718.

Krasheninnikov, V.A., and Basov, I.A., 1983. Stratigraphy of Cretaceous sediments of the Falkland Plateau based on planktonic foraminifers, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 71. In Ludwig, W.J., Krasheninnikov, V.A., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 71: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 789-820.

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory-Borehole Research Group, 1994. Wireline Logging Services Guide: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory-Borehole Research Group.

Larsen, H.C., Saunders, A.D., Clift, P.D., et al., 1994. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 152: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Lavergne, M., 1989, Seismic Methods: Dordrecht (Kluwer Academic).

Leckie, R.M., 1984. Mid-Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy off Central Morocco, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 79, Sites 545 and 547. In Hinz, K., Winterer, E.L., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 79: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 579-620.

Lovell, M.A., Harvey, PK., Brewer, T.S., Williams, C., Jackson, P.D., and Williamson, G., 1998. Application of FMS images in the Ocean Drilling Program: an overview. In Cramp, A., MacLeod, C.J., Lee, S.V., and Jones, E.J.W. (Eds.), Geological Evolution of Ocean Basins: Results from the Ocean Drilling Program. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. London, 131:287-303.

Macdonald, G.A., 1953. Pahoehoe, aa, and block lava. Am. J. Sci., 251:169-191.

MacKenzie, W.S., Donaldson, C.H., and Guilford, C., 1982. Atlas of Igneous Rocks and their Textures: Harlow, England (Longman).

Martini, E., 1971. Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton zonation. In Farinacci, A. (Ed.), Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Planktonic Microfossils Roma: Rome (Ed. Tecnosci.), 2:739-785.

Martini, E., and Mόller, C., 1986. Current Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton stratigraphy and correlations. Newsl. Stratigr., 16:99-112.

Mazzullo, J.M., Meyer, A., and Kidd, R.B., 1988. New sediment classification scheme for the Ocean Drilling Program. In Mazzullo, J., and Graham, A.G. (Eds.), Handbook for Shipboard Sedimentologists. ODP Tech. Note, 8:45-67.

McCartney, K., and Harwood, D.M., 1992. Silicoflagellates from Leg 120 on the Kerguelen Plateau, southeast Indian Ocean. In Wise, S.W., Jr., Schlich, R., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 120: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 811-831.

McCartney, K., and Wise, S.W., Jr., 1990. Cenozoic silicoflagellates and ebridians from ODP Leg 113: biostratigraphy and notes on morphologic variability. In Barker, P.F., Kennett, J.P., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 113: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 729-760.

McKee, E.D., and Weir, G.W., 1953. Terminology for stratification and cross-stratification in sedimentary rocks. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 64:381-390.

Mohr, B.A.R., and Gee, C.T., 1992. Late Cretaceous palynofloras (sporomorphs and dinocysts) from the Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean (Sites 748 and 750). In Wise, S.W., Jr., Schlich, R., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 120: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 281-306.

Moore, C.L., Cas, R.A.F., Scutter, C., and Yamagishi, H., 1996. Fragmentation and depositional processes during construction of a submarine volcanic edifice, Kabuto Cape, Hokkaido, Japan. Eos, 77:W125.

Munsell Color Company, Inc., 1971. Munsell Soil Color Charts: Baltimore, MD (Munsell).

Norrish, K., and Hutton, J.T., 1969. An accurate X-ray spectrographic method for the analysis of a wide range of geological samples. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 33:431-453.

Okada, H., and Bukry, D., 1980. Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation (Bukry, 1973; 1975). Mar. Micropaleontol., 5:321-325.

Olsson, R.K., Hemleben, C., Berggren, W.A., and Huber, B.T. (Eds.), 1999. Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Forminifera. Smithsonian Contrib. Paleobiol., 85.

Peirce, J., Weissel, J., et al., 1989. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 121: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Perch-Nielsen, K., 1985a. Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils. In Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press), 329-426.

————, 1985b. Silicoflagellates. In Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press), 811-846.

Peterson, D.W., and Tilling, R. I., 1980. Transition of basaltic lava from pahoehoe to aa, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: field observations and key factors. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 7:271-293.

Pospichal, J., Wei, W., and Wise, S.W., Jr., 1992. Probing the limits of nannofossil stratigraphic resolution in the Southern High Latitudes. Mem. Sci. Geol., 43:115-131.

Quilty, P.G., 1992. Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifers and biostratigraphy, Leg 120, southern Kerguelen Plateau. In Wise, S.W., Jr., Schlich, R., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 120: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 371-392.

Ramsay, D.C., Colwell, J.B., Coffin, M.F., Davies, H.L., Hill, P.J., Pigram, C.J., and Stagg, H.M.J., 1986. New findings from the Kerguelen Plateau. Geology, 14:589-593.

Reynolds, R.C., Jr., 1963. Matrix corrections in trace element analysis by X-ray fluorescence: estimation of the mass absorption coefficient by Compton scattering. Am. Mineral., 48:1133-1143.

————, 1967. Estimation of mass absorption coefficients by Compton scattering: improvements and extensions of the method. Am. Mineral., 52:1493-1502.

Rider, M., 1996. The Geological Interpretation of Well Logs (2nd ed.): Caithness (Whittles Publishing).

Roth, P.H., 1978. Cretaceous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and oceanography of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. In Benson, W.E., Sheridan, R.E., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 44: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 731-759.

Rowland, S.K., and Walker, G.P.L., 1987. Toothpaste lava: characteristics and origin of a lava structural type transitional between pahoehoe and aa. Bull. Volcanol., 49:631-641.

Sass, J.H., Kennelly, J.P., Jr., Smith, E.P., and Wendt, W.E., 1984. Laboratory line-source methods for the measurement of thermal conductivity of rocks near room temperature. Open-File Rep.—U.S. Geol. Surv., 84-0091.

Schlich, R., Munschy, M., Boulanger, D., Cantin, B., Coffin, M.F., Durand, J., Humler, E., Li, Z.G., Savary, J., Schaming, M., and Tissot, J.D., 1988. Rιsultats prιliminaires de la campagne ocιanographique de sismique reflexion multitraces MD47 dans le domaine sud du plateau de Kerguelen. C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. 2., 305:635-642.

Schlumberger, 1989. Log Interpretation Principles/Applications: Houston, TX (Schlumberger Wireline and Testing).

————, 1994. IPL Integrated Porosity Lithology (Schlumberger Wireline and Testing), SMP-9270.

————, 1995. DSI—Dipole Sonic Imager: (Schlumberger Wireline and Testing), SMP-5128.

Self, S., Keszthelyi, L., and Thordarson, T., 1998. The importance of pahoehoe. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci, 26:81-110.

Self, S., Thordarson, T., and Keszthelyi, L., 1997. Emplacement of continental flood basalt lava flows. In Mahoney, J.J., and Coffin, M. (Eds.), Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism. Am. Geophys. Union., Geophys. Monogr., 100:381-410.

Serra, O., 1984. Fundamentals of Well-Log Interpretation (Vol. 1): The Acquisition of Logging Data: Dev. Pet. Sci., 15A: Amsterdam (Elsevier).

————, 1986. Fundamentals of Well-Log Interpretation (Vol. 2): The Interpretation of Logging Data. Dev. Pet. Sci., 15B.

————, 1989. Formation MicroScanner Image Interpretation: Houston (Schlumberger Educ. Services), SMP-7028.

Shepard, F., 1954. Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios. J. Sediment. Petrol., 24:151-158.

Shipboard Scientific Party, 1991. Explanatory notes. In Davies, P.J., McKenzie, J.A., Palmer-Julson, A., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 133 (Pt. 1): College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 31-58.

————, 1992. Explanatory notes. In Parson, L., Hawkins, J., Allan, J., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 135: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 49-79.

————, 1995. Explanatory notes. In Flood, R.D., Piper, D.J.W., Klaus, A., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 155: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 47-81.

————, 1997. Explanatory notes. In Eberli, G.P., Swart, P.K., Malone, M.J., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 166: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 43-65.

————, 1999a. Explanatory Notes. In Gersonde, R., Hodell, D.A., Blum, P., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Results, 177, 1-57 [CD-ROM]. Available from: Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-9547, U.S.A.

————, 1999b. Explanatory Notes. In Barker, P.F., Camerlenghi, A., Acton, G.D., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Results, 178, 1-66 [CD-ROM]. Available from: Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-9547, U.S.A.

Sissingh, W., 1977. Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton. Geol. Mijnbouw, 56:37-65.

Sliter, W.V., 1977. Cretaceous foraminifers from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, Leg 36, Deep Sea Drilling Project. In Barker, P.F., Dalziel, I.W.D., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 36: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing office), 519-573.

Srinivasan, M.S., and Kennett, J.P., 1981. Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and evolution: equatorial to subantarctic, South Pacific. Mar. Micropaleontol., 6:499-533.

Stott, L.D., and Kennett, J.P., 1990. Antarctic Paleogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy: ODP Leg 113, Sites 689 and 690. In Barker, P.F., Kennett, J.P., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 113: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 549-569.

Thordarson, T., 1995. Volatile release and atmospheric effects of basaltic fissure eruptions [Ph.D. thesis]. Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.

Toumarkine, M., and Luterbacher, H., 1985. Paleocene and Eocene planktic foraminifera. In Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press), 87-154.

Vacquier, V., 1985. The measurement of thermal conductivity of solids with a transient linear heat source on the plane surface of a poorly conducting body. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 74:275-279.

Von Herzen, R.P., and Maxwell, A.E., 1959. The measurement of thermal conductivity of deep-sea sediments by a needle-probe method. J. Geophys. Res., 64:1557-1563.

Walker, D., 1973. Behavior of X-ray mass absorption coefficients near absorption edges: Reynold's method revisited. Am. Mineral., 58:1069-1072.

Watkins, D.K., Wise, S.W., Jr., Pospichal, J.J., and Crux, J., 1996. Upper Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleoceanography of the Southern Ocean. In Moguilevsky, A., and Whatley, R. (Eds.), Microfossils and Oceanic Environments: Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth Press), 355-381.

Wei, W., 1992. Paleogene chronology of Southern Ocean drill holes: an update. In Kennett, J.P., and Warnke, D.A. (Eds.), The Antarctic Paleoenvironment: a Perspective on Global Change. Antarct. Res. Ser., 56:75-96.

Wei, W., and Pospichal, J.J., 1991. Danian calcareous nannofossil succession at Site 738 in the southern Indian Ocean. In Barron, J., Larsen, B., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 119: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 495-512.

Wei, W., and Thierstein, H.R., 1991. Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils of the Kerguelen Plateau (southern Indian Ocean) and Prydz Bay (East Antarctica). In Barron, J., Larsen, B., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 119: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 467-494.

Wei, W., and Wise, S.W., Jr., 1990. Middle Eocene to Pleistocene calcareous nannofossils recovered by Ocean Drilling Program Leg 113 in the Weddell Sea. In Barker, P.F., Kennett, J.P., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 113: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 639-666.

————, 1992. Selected Neogene calcareous nannofossil index taxa of the Southern Ocean: biochronology, biometrics, and paleoceanography. In Wise, S.W., Jr., Schlich, R., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 120: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 523-537.

Wentworth, C.K., 1922. A scale of grade and class terms of clastic sediments. J. Geol., 30:377-392.

Wessel, P., and Smith, W.H.F., 1995. New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released. Eos, 76:329.

Wise, S.W., Jr., 1983. Mesozoic and Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils recovered by Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 71 in the Falkland Plateau region, Southwest Atlantic Ocean. In Ludwig, W.J., Krasheninnikov, V.A., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 71 (Pt. 2): Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 481-550.

Zijderveld, J.D.A., 1967. AC demagnetization of rocks: analysis of results. In Collinson, D.W., Creer, K.M., and Runcorn, S.K. (Eds.), Methods in Paleomagnetism: New York (Elsevier), 254-286.