Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge (Fig. F1) form a large igneous province (LIP) that is interpreted to represent voluminous Cretaceous volcanism associated with arrival of the Kerguelen plume head below young Indian Ocean lithosphere (e.g., Morgan, 1981; Duncan and Storey, 1992; Storey, 1995). Subsequently, northward movement of the Indian plate over the plume stem formed a 5000-km-long, ~82- to 38-Ma hotspot track, the Ninetyeast Ridge (Duncan, 1991). At ~40 Ma, the westward-propagating Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) separated Broken Ridge from the Central Kerguelen Plateau (CKP) and the plume coincided with the ridge axis. As the SEIR migrated northeast relative to the plume, hotspot magmatism became confined to the Antarctic plate. From ~40 Ma to the present, the Kerguelen archipelago, Heard and McDonald Islands, and a northwest-southeast-trending chain of submarine volcanoes between these islands were constructed on the northern Kerguelen Plateau (NKP) and CKP (e.g., Weis et al., 2002). Thus, an ~120-m.y. record of volcanism is attributed to the Kerguelen plume (Fig. F1). The submarine basement of the LIP has been sampled at 11 Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill sites and that of the Ninetyeast Ridge has been sampled at 7 drill sites by ODP and the preceding Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) (Figs. F1, F2).