This research used samples and/or data provided by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). ODP is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and participating countries under management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc. The shore-based sequence analysis of Sites 1225 and 1231 was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology Institutes "Subsurface Biospheres" and "Environmental Genomes." I thank Fumio Inagaki, Chris House, Jennifer Biddle, Axel Schippers, and Jürgen Wiegel for communicating new results from Leg 201 before publication.