169 Prospectus

REFERENCES

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Butterfield, D.A., McDuff, R.E., Franklin, J., and Wheat, C.G., 1994. Geochemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 395-410.

Campbell, A.C., German, C.R., Palmer, M.R., Gamo, T. and Edmond, J.M., 1994. Chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 11, 201-221.

Currie, R.G., and Davis, E.E., 1994. Low crustal magnetization of the Middle Valley sedimented rift inferred from sea surface magnetic anomalies. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 19-28.

Davis, E.E., and Becker, K., 1994a. Thermal and tectonic structure of the Escanaba Trough: New heat-flow measurements and seismic-reflection profiles, In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 3, 45-64.

Davis, E.E., and Becker, K., 1994b. Formation temperatures and pressures in a sedimented rift hydrothermal system: Ten months of CORK observations, Holes 857D and 858G, ODP Leg 139. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 649-666.

Davis, E.E., and Fisher, A.T., 1994. On the nature and consequences of hydrothermal circulation in the Middle Valley sedimented rift: Inferences from geophysical observations, ODP Leg 139. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 695-720.

Davis, E.E., and Villinger, H., 1992. Tectonic and thermal structure of the Middle Valley sedimented rift, Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 9-41.

Davis, E.E., Mottl, M.J., Fisher, A.T., et al., 1992. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Denlinger, R.P., and Holmes, M.L., 1994. A thermal and mechanical model for sediment hills and associated sulfide deposits along the Escanaba Trough. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 4, 65-75.

Goodfellow, W.D., and Franklin, J.M., 1993. Geology, mineralogy, and chemistry of sediment-hosted clastic massive sulfides in shallow cores, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Econ. Geol., 88:2033-2064.

Goodfellow, W.D., and Peter, J.M., 1994. Geochemistry of hydrothermally altered sediment, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 207-290.

Koski, R.A., Benninger, L.M., Zierenberg, R.A., and Jonasson, I.R., 1994. Composition and growth history of hydrothermal deposits in Escanaba Trough, Southern Gorda Ridge. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 16, 293-324.

Morton, J.L., and Fox, C.G., 1994. Structural setting and interaction of volcanism and sedimentation at Escanaba Trough: Geophysical results. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 2, 21-43.

Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., 1994. Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough: An Introduction. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 1, 1-18.

Normark, W.R., Gutmacher, C.E., Zierenberg, R.A., Wong, F.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1994. Sediment fill of Escanaba Trough. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 6, 91-130.

Rohr, K.M.M., and Schmidt, U., 1994. Seismic structure of Middle Valley near Sites 855-858, Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 3-18.

Tivey, M.A., 1994. High-resolution magnetic surveys over the Middle Valley mounds, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F., (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 29-38.

Vallier, T.L., Harold, P.J., and Girdley, W.A., 1973, Provenances and dispersal patterns of turbidite sand in Escanaba Trough, northeastern Pacific Ocean. Mar. Geol., 1: 67-87.

Zierenberg, R.A., and Shanks, W.C., III, 1994. Sediment alteration associated with massive sulfide formation in Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge: The importance of seawater mixing and magnesium metasomatism. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 14, 257-278.

Zierenberg, R.A., Koski, R.A., Morton, J.L., Bouse, R.M., Shanks, W.C., III, 1993. Genesis of massive sulfide deposits on a sediment-covered spreading center, Escanaba Trough, 41°N, Gorda Ridge. Econ. Geol., 88:2069-2098.

Zierenberg, R.A., Morton, J.L., Koski, R.A., and Ross, S.L., 1994. Geologic setting of massive sulfide mineralization in the Escanaba Trough. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A., (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S.G.S. Bull. 2022, Chapter 10, 171-197.

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