In this paper, we present the stratigraphic ranges of Late Cretaceous–Tertiary dinocysts, based primarily on an unpublished manuscript distributed at a short course at the University of Urbino, Italy, in June 2001 (see "Appendix"). Stratigraphic ranges are given as first occurrence (FO) and last occurrence (LO) in mega-annum age (Ma) for each taxon (Tables T1, T2, T3). The age was determined from correlation with surface or reference sections with independent age control, primarily planktonic foraminifers, nannofossils, and paleomagnetism. Thus, our main control for the Northern Hemisphere is from stratotypes and other surface sections. For the Southern Hemisphere, especially in the Tertiary, we utilized the results from Leg 189, Sites 1168 through 1172. We selected the Gradstein and Ogg (1996) timescale, in which the Mesozoic is based on Gradstein et al. (1995) and the Cenozoic is based on Berggren et al. (1995). For each selected taxon, both line drawings (Achilleodinium, Achomosphaera, Adnatosphaeridium, Alisocysta, Alisogymnium, Alterbidinium, Amiculosphaera, Apectodinium, Apteodinium, Arachnodinium, Areoligera, Areosphaeridium, Ataxiodinium [Pl. P1]; Barssidinium, Biconidinium, Cannosphaeropsis, Callaiosphaeridium, Carpodinium, Carpatella, Cassiculosphaeridia, Cerebrocysta, Cerodinium, Charlesdowniea, Chatangiella [Pl. P2]; Chichaouadinium, Chiropteridium, Conosphaeridium, Cordosphaeridium, Corrudinium, Cyclapophysis, Cousteaudinium, Cyclonephelium, Damassadinium, Deflandrea, Dinogymnium [Pl. P3]; Dinopterygium, Diphyes, Distatodinium, Dracodinium, Eatonicysta, Ectosphaeropsis, Edwardsiella, Ellipsodinium, Endoscrinium, Enneadocysta, Epelidosphaeridia [Pl. P4]; Filisphaera, Florentinia, Galeacysta, Gerdiocysta, Glaphyrocysta, Gramocysta, Habibacysta, Heterosphaeridium, Hemiplacophora, Heteraulacacysta, Homotryblium, Hystrichokolpoma [Pl. P5]; Hystrichosphaeridium, Hystrichosphaeropsis, Impagidinium, Invertocysta, Isabelidinium, Kleithriasphaeridium, Labyrinthodinium, Laciniadinium, Leptodinium, Lentinia, Litosphaeridium, Manumiella [Pl. P6]; Melitasphaeridium, Membranilarnacia, Membranophoridium, Mendicodinium, Nematosphaeropsis, Octodinium, Odontochitina, Oligosphaeridium, Operculodinium, Ovoidinium, Palaeocystodinium [Pl. P7]; Palaeohystrichophora, Palaeoperidinium, Palaeotetradinium, Palynodinium, Phthanoperidinium, Pyxidinopsis, Raetiaedinium, Raphidodinium, Renidinium, Reticulatosphaera, Rhombodinium, Saturnodinium, Schematophora, Selenopemphix [Pl. P8]; Senoniasphaera, Spinidinium, Spiniferites, Spongodinium, Stephodinium, Sumatradinium, Stoveracysta [Pl. P9]; and Sumatradinium, Surculosphaeridium, Thalassiphora, Triblastula, Trichodinium, Trigonopyxidia, Trinovantedinium, Trithyrodinium, Impagidinium, Wetzeliella, Wilsonidium, Xenascus, Xiphophoridium [Pl. P10]) and photomicrographs (Achilleodinium, Achomosphaera, Adnatosphaeridium, Alisocysta, Alisogymnium, Alterbidinium, Amiculosphaera, Apectodinium, Apteodinium, Arachnodinium [Pl. P11]; Areoligera, Areosphaeridium, Ataxiodinium, Barssidinium, Biconidinium, Callaiosphaeridium, Cannosphaeropsis [Pl. P12]; Carpatella, Carpodinium, Cassiculosphaeridia, Cerebrocysta, Cerodinium, Charlesdowniea, Chatangiella, Chichaouadinium [Pl. P13]; Chiropteridium, Conosphaeridium, Cordosphaeridium, Corrudinium, Cousteaudinium, Cyclapophysis, Cyclonephelium [Pl. P14]; Damassadinium, Deflandrea, Dinogymnium, Dinopterygium, Diphyes [Pl. P15]; Distatodinium, Dracodinium, Eatonicysta, Ectosphaeropsis [Pl. P16]; Edwardsiella, Ellipsodinium, Enneadocysta, Epelidosphaeridia, Filisphaera, Florentinia, Galeacysta, Gerdiocysta [Pl. P17]; Glaphyrocysta, Gramocysta, Habibacysta, Hemiplacophora, Heteraulacacysta, Heterosphaeridium, Homotryblium, Hystrichokolpoma [Pl. P18]; Hystrichosphaeridium, Hystrichosphaeropsis, Impagidinium, Invertocysta, Isabelidinium, Kleithriasphaeridium [Pl. P19]; Labyrinthodinium, Laciniadinium, Lentinia, Leptodinium, Litosphaeridium, Manumiella, Melitasphaeridium, Membranilarnacia [Pl. P20]; Membranophoridium, Mendicodinium, Nematosphaeropsis, Octodinium, Odontochitina, Oligosphaeridium, Operculodinium [Pl. P21]; Ovoidinium, Palaeocystodinium, Palaeohystrichophora, Palaeoperidinium, Palynodinium, Phthanoperidinium, Pyxidinopsis, Raetiaedinium, Raphidodinium, Renidinium [Pl. P22]; Reticulatosphaera, Rhombodinium, Saturnodinium, Schematophora, Selenopemphix [Pl. P23]; Senoniasphaera, Spinidinium, Spiniferites, Spongodinium [Pl. P24]; Stephodinium, Stoveracysta, Sumatradinium, Surculosphaeridium, Thalassiphora [Pl. P25]; Triblastula, Trichodinium, Trigonopyxidia, Trinovantedinium, Trithyrodinium, Unipontidinium, Wetzeliella [Pl. P26]; and Wilsonidium, Xenascus, Xiphophoridium [Pl. P27]) are provided to aid identification. To facilitate verification of the stratigraphic data, we provide the references on which we base each FO and LO (Tables T1, T2, T3).
In Table T1 the taxa are listed alphabetically to help access the data. For each taxon, we provide two citation numbers for each latitudinal record, the first for the source of the FO and the second for the source of the LO. The citation corresponding to an individual number is given in Tables T2 and T3; Table T2 is a numeric listing of the references and Table T3 is an alphabetic listing of the references. Table T4 gives the ages, in millions of years, for each geochronologic division in Table T1. The figures sequentially show the FOs and LOs of taxa for the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary stages: Cenomanian (Fig. F1); Turonian (Fig. F2); Coniacian (Fig. F3); Santonian (Fig. F4); Campanian (Fig. F5); Maastrichtian (Fig. F6); Danian (Fig. F7); Selandian and Thanetian (Fig. F8); Ypresian FOs (Fig. F9); Ypresian LOs (Fig. F10); Lutetian (Fig. F11); Bartonian and Priabonian (Fig. F12); Rupelian (Fig. F13); Chattian (Fig. F14); Aquitanian and Burdigalian (Fig. F15); Langhian, Serravallian, Tortonian, and Messinian (Fig. F16); and Zanclean, Piaenzian, Gelasian, Calabrian, and Ionian (Fig. F17). Taxonomy is in accordance with that cited in Williams et al. (1998a).